Used Deckel Fp-1 for sale (78,067)

Condition: reconditioned (used), Universal tool milling machine Brand: harich (DECKEL) Model: B (FP 2) Refurbished with CE certification Geometric inspection with test protocol With warranty Accessories: - 3-axis digital readout FAGOR Innova 30i-M - Fixed table or universal table - Vertical milling head SK 40 - Coolant system - Operating manual Nwsdpfxjdvdczj Akcsf CE and safety equipment: - New machine electrics with control cabinet - Electronically monitored cover on vertical milling head - Chuck guard with electrical interlock - Drive motor with braking function - Control panel with emergency stop, release, start and stop buttons - New documentation for machine and control cabinet - CE Declaration of Conformity

Condition: reconditioned (used), Universal Tool Milling Machine Nwodpevfdatofx Akcof Brand: harich (DECKEL) Model: B (FP 2) stepless Refurbished with CE Geometric acceptance with inspection protocol With warranty Accessories: - 3-axis digital readout FAGOR Innova 30i-M - Fixed table or universal table - Vertical milling head SK 40 - Centralized lubrication, manually operated - Coolant system - Operating manual CE and Safety Equipment: - New machine electrics with control cabinet - Electronically monitored cover on vertical milling head - Chuck guard with electrical interlock - Drive motor with brake function - Control panel with emergency stop, release, start, and stop buttons, potentiometer for feed rate adjustment - New documentation for machine and control cabinet - CE declaration of conformity

Condition: used, Motor output 3 kW Nwjdpfov Nq Skex Akcsf total power requirement 3 kw Weight 1.400 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, x-travel 0800 mm y-travel 550 mm z-travel 500 mm table-size 1000 x 630 mm feed range 0- 10.000 mm/min rapid traverse 10 m/min Tool bore ISO 40 turning speed range 20 - 4000 U/min main drive DC 10 kW CNC control Dialog 11 total power requirement 15 kW weight of the machine ca. 6500 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 3,0x2,5x2,0 m CNC milling machine with Dialog 11 control, housing arround working area and Nwedpfx Akjyq Slxscjf tool change with 30 pos. Machine has been refurbished by FPS in 2010.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, x-travel 0600 mm y-travel 500 mm z-travel 500 mm Nodpoyq Sk Uofx Akcewf table-size 500 mm feed range 2- 10.000 mm/min rapid traverse 10 m/min Tool bore ISO 40 turning speed range 0- 6300 U/min main drive DC 8 kW CNC control Dialog 11 total power requirement 23 KVA weight of the machine ca. 5050 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 3,0x2,5x2,0 m CNC milling machine with Dialog 11 control, housing arround working area, rotary table as a 4th axe and ATC with 40 Positions. Machine has been refurbished by FPS in 2010.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, Technical details x-travel 1040 mm y-travel 600 mm z-travel 500 mm Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 table surface area 1250 x 600 mm table load 600 kg tool taper SK 40 spindle turning speed range 1 - 8000 U/min max. torque on the spindle (S1/S6) 140/200 Nm feed range 40000 mm/min rapid power traverse in X-and Z direction 70 m/min rapid motion - y-axis 40 m/min spindle drive (100/40 % ED) 13/19 kW total power requirement 39 kVA weight of the machine ca. 8,9 t Njdpsy Emufofx Akcjwf Additional information Operating hours 70278 Spindle hours 23335 Please note the enclosed geometry measurement report with the tool pull-in force measurement. Equipment: CNC control Heidenhain iTNC 530 Electronic handwheel Heidenhain HR 410 Motor spindle with increased torque Direct path measuring system in Y-Z axis Preparation for measuring probe 30-station tool changer, tool diameter 100/140 mm, length 300, weight 7 kg ROTOCLEAR Production package 2 Internal coolant supply through the spindle 20 bar Coolant system with paper belt filter Cooling device blown air through the spindle center selectable via M function Chip conveyor Bed flushing Linear drive in the X-axis Operating mode 4 Program check with extended manual intervention Machine documentation Transport dimensions: 4100 x 2500 x 3000 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1982, functionality: fully functional, Universal Milling Machine Deckel FP3 with 3-Axis Active Digital Readout (Heidenhain) and Infinitely Variable Feed, Original Excellent Condition Technical Data: >> Year of manufacture: 1982 Machine no. 2201-5527 >> Swivel-tilt-rotary table >> Speed range: 25 - 2500 rpm >> Infinitely variable feed in 3 axes >> Rapid traverse in all 3 axes >> Drive power: 2.0 / 4.0 kW >> Spindle brake >> Travel X/Y/Z: 500/300/400 mm >> Vertical milling head can be displaced 200 mm on spindle carrier >> Vertical and horizontal quill, SK40, extendable Nwodpfx Aey Eqkzjkcsf >> Pull stud system: M16 >> Weight: approx. 1,500 kg Accessories and Equipment: >> 3-axis active digital readout Heidenhain TNC113 >> Coolant system >> Central lubrication About the machine: Offered here is a universal milling machine Deckel FP3 in very good original condition. The machine shows minimal backlash and all spindles move smoothly. On this newer FP3 model, the feed is infinitely variable in all three axes, and each axis features rapid traverse. A significant advantage is the active 3-axis digital readout. With the Heidenhain positioning control, you can enter dimensions and the machine will automatically move to defined positions. An oil change has been performed. Mechanically and electrically inspected. The Heidenhain digital display makes operation easier and even more precise. You are welcome to inspect and test the machine under power at our site. The machine is available immediately.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1982, functionality: fully functional, Tool milling machine with 3D control, manual handwheels, and a universal table adjustable in three axes. Control: Deckel Dialog Control 4: 3D contouring control, including drilling and milling cycles Monitor, electronic handheld control panel Nwodpfx Akswid Spjcsf Terminal for program input and output Technical specifications: Travel range X/Y/Z 300 x 220 x 400 mm Speed 31.5 - 3,150 rpm with 21 gear stages Feed rate 4-2,000 mm/min Rapid traverse 4 m/min Drive power 1.6-2.0 kW SK 40 tool holder Hydraulic tool clamping Universal milling table with digital display: Clamping area 600 mm x 320 mm Table load 180 kg C-axis rotation range 360° A-axis tilt range 15°/45° B-axis swivel range +/- 45° Vertical milling head: Manual quill stroke - horizontally 65 mm, vertically 60 mm Additional equipment: Manual machine handwheels with scale Direct travel measurement of the NC axes Cooling water system Special accessories: Approx. 33 tool holders (without tools) - see photo High-speed milling spindle Machine data: Machine weight approx. 1,380 kg Space requirement including accessories L approx. 2,940 mm, W approx. 1,900 mm, H approx. 1,960 mm Power supply: 380 V, 50 Hz, 12 kVA The machine is in good, fully functional condition. It can be inspected with power and chippings by appointment.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 20,030 h, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 2,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 900 mm, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: iTNC 530 HSCI, spindle motor power: 23,000 W, table load: 1,200 kg, number of slots in tool magazine: 60, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis DECKEL MAHO DMF 260/11 was manufactured in 2014. It features an impressive X-axis travel of 2600 mm, Y-axis travel of 1100 mm, and Z-axis travel of 900 mm. The machine is equipped with a vertical motor spindle with a spindle speed range of 20 – 8000 rpm and a tool magazine capacity of 30 tools. If you are looking to get high-quality milling capabilities, consider the DECKEL MAHO DMF 260/11 universal machining centre. Contact us for further details. • Control interface: Heidenhain ERGOline, 19" screen • Rapid traverse: 40 m/min; Acceleration: 4 m/s² • Main spindle: Vertical motor spindle power 23 / 5 / 13.5 kW (25 / 100% ED) • Swivel head: B-axis, up to 18000 rpm; spindle interface HSK-A63; power 35 / 25 kW (40 / 100% ED) • Tool magazine: 30 tools; chain magazine with double gripper; chip-to-chip 9 s • Tool magazine (optional): 60 tools SK40 / HSK-A63 • Table: 3200 x 1100 mm Nsdpfxey D Ilce Akcswf • Rotary table integrated: 1050 mm diameter • Clamping: Hydraulic • Measuring system: Direct measuring systems • Machine design: Full enclosure with coolant tank; 2 rotating viewing windows • Air supply: Sealing air for linear measuring systems • Through-spindle air: Selectable via M-function • Operating mode: Process monitoring in production • Language: German / English screen texts • Workpiece clamping release: Automatic mode enable • Condition/Service history: • New spindle and new guideways, completely renewed by DMG (January 2026) • Geometry remeasured and adjusted by DMG (January 2026) • New spindle less than 100 hours Additional equipment • Chip conveyor: Scraper belt type • Touch probe: Heidenhain TS 649 infrared measuring probe • Tool measurement: Blum laser tool measurement system • Kinematic calibration: 3D quickSET • Machine protection: MPC Machine Protection Control • Internal coolant supply: 40 bar / 600 l with paper band filter • Coolant/mist extraction: Oil and emulsion mist extraction system; extraction capacity 2 x 1600 m³/h • Electronic handwheel • Coolant flushing gun (included) Technical Specification Taper Size SK 40

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1983, functionality: fully functional, Universal Milling Machine Deckel FP3 with 3-Axis Active Digital Readout TNC 113 by Heidenhain and Infinitely Variable Feed—Excellent Condition Technical Data: >> Year of manufacture: 1983 Machine no. 2201-5919 >> Fixed angle table (reconditioned) >> Speed range: 25 – 2500 rpm >> Infinitely variable feed on all 3 axes >> Rapid traverse on all 3 axes >> Drive power: 2.0 / 4.0 kW >> Spindle brake >> Travel (X/Y/Z): 500 / 300 / 400 mm >> Vertical milling head movable on spindle head by 200mm >> Vertical and horizontal quill—SK40 extensible >> Pull-in system S20 x 2 >> Weight approx. 1500 kg Equipment and Accessories: Nodjy D Tl Ijpfx Akcewf >> 3-axis active digital readout Heidenhain TNC113 >> Coolant system >> Central electric lubrication About the machine: Offered here is a Universal Milling Machine Deckel FP3 in very good condition. The machine has very little backlash and all spindles move smoothly. On this newer FP3 model, the feed is infinitely adjustable in all three axes, and the machine also features rapid traverse for each axis. A major advantage is the active 3-axis digital readout. With the Heidenhain control, you can input dimensions that the machine will automatically position to. An oil change has been carried out. Mechanically and electrically tested. The Heidenhain DRO makes operation both easier and even more precise. Take advantage of the opportunity to inspect and test the machine under power on site. The machine is available immediately.

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 1986, feed length X-axis: 580 mm, feed length Y-axis: 400 mm, feed length Z-axis: 450 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, Grunding Contour 2 table 800x460 mm travel 580x400x450 mm max spindle speed 2500 rpm Nsdpfx Asy E N Dvskcjwf spindle taper 40

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, We offer you: Manufacturer: Deckel Maho Model: FP4M special edition Year of manufacture: 2022 Control system: Heidenhain ND 7013 digital readout Technical data: Travel distances: X-axis: 500 mm Y-axis: 530 mm Nwsdpfjy Hfqujx Akcef Z-axis: 400 mm B-axis: swiveling ±90° (180°) Main spindle: Tool holder: SK 40 Spindle speed range – main spindle: 25 – 3,000 rpm Drive power – main spindle (100/40%): 6 kW Worktable: Table size: D 800 x 480 mm Feeds: Feed range: 6 – 500 mm/min Rapid traverse (x/y/z): 1,500 mm/min Space requirement (W x D): approx. 2,235 x 1,875 mm Machine weight: approx. 1,600 kg with worktable and milling head Technical features & accessories: - With additionally adjustable milling head on the Y-axis (130 mm) Accessories, depicted tools and clamping devices are only included in the scope of delivery if specified in the additional information. Subject to changes and errors in the technical data and specifications, as well as prior sale!

Condition: used, Brand Deckel Model FP4M Year of manufacture 1987 Spindle taper SK40 X-axis 500 mm Y-axis 400 mm Z-axis 400 mm Table 800x460 mm Spindle speed 50-2500 rpm Power 4.4 kW Njdsw Hyb Uepfx Akcowf

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1994, Deckel Maho DMC 103 V Nwodpfjykbiyox Akcof Control: Heidenhain Working area: 1,000 x 600 x 600 mm Spindle speed: max. 8,000 rpm Torque: 83 Nm Tool holder: SK 40 Table clamping surface: 1,200 x 600 mm Max. table load: 800 kg Required space, approx.: 3.7 x 3.6 m

Condition: ready for operation (used), machine/vehicle number: 46436, Travel distances: longitudinal: 400 mm vertical: 400 mm horizontal: 200 mm Features: - Sliding vertical milling head - Tilting angle table 260 x 600 mm - Various tool holders - Setup elements - Rotary table D:280 mm - Documentation Njdpfjygia Esx Akcewf Condition: workshop-tested

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 9585, DECKEL Universal Milling and Drilling Machine Model: FP 2 Machine No.: 9585 Year of manufacture: 1978/79 Condition: Good, operational condition Travel distances: longitudinal: 400 mm Nwsdpfxoygicae Akcef vertical: 400 mm horizontal: 200 mm

Condition: used, x-travel 500 mm y-travel 400 mm z-travel 400 mm Q U O T A T I O N We are pleased to offer you ex our stock, subject to prior sale, and error in technical data : DECKEL MAHO CNC Universal Milling Machine model DMU 50 M Nwjdpfxsv Td Elj Akcsf year 1998 Working range: Longitudinal stroke X Axis 500 mm Vertical stroke Z Axis 400 mm Cross stroke Y Axis 400 mm C-axis – table turning, manual 360 ° B-axis – table swivelling, manual ° Table area Ø 700 x 500 mm Inclination range of table (manually) + / - ° Rotation of table (manually) 360 ° Max. Table load approx. 200 kg Maximum distance table – spindle nose 550 mm horizontal distance machine – spindle nose 2 – 6 mm Tool holder Taper ISO 40 Spindle speeds 20 – 4,500 rpm Feed rate max. 5.000 mm/min AC main drive, 0% / 40% power-on time approx. 9 / 13 kW Total electrical load, approx. 15 kW - 400 V - 50 Hz Weight, approx. 3,000 kg Accessories / Special Features • 3 Axis HEIDENHAIN Point to Point Control Model TNC 124 with Monitor, direct programming and input of data and electronic handwheels. • All 3 axis are operated by the milling head, the table is stationary so also out of proportion workpieces can be machined. • Rotary Table can be manually rotated 360° and manually inclined + / -° (each with clamping). The digital read-out of the angles is integrated in the CNC control • Simple coolant unit with pump and tank, built-on switch cabinet (SIEMENS parts) • Pneumatic tool claomping, Some tool holders available, manuals, CE-Certificate, etc. Condition : very good condition ! Ideal for training center or single parts machining ! Please click here to view a video of the machine running : ! Delivery : immediately available, FCA Metzingen Payment : 0 % Net, after conclusion of contract, before loading We always have a large selection of milling machines - CNC or conventional - available. Please let us know your requirements.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, Technical details: x-travel: 1250 mm y-travel: 880 mm z-travel: 800 mm control: Heidenhain TNC 430 tool change unit: 60 Pos. Tool bore: SK 50 Njdpetq Nlcjfx Akcswf turning speeds: 8000 1/min size of pallet: 1000 x 800 mm total power requirement: 56 kVA weight of the machine ca.: 14,3 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 5,5 x 3 x 3,1 m 5-axis machine with controlled universal milling head (B-axis), 2-palett changer incl. 2 palets, 1000 x 800 mm Production package: - internal coolant supply 40 bar with 900l coolant box (2,25 x 1.3 x 2,2m / 950kg), - chipconveyor (4,85 x 1,2 x 1,75m / 600kg), - ROTOCLEAR, - 3D touchprobe RENISHAW MP 10 - 60 pos. ATC SK 50 - el. handwheel - mech. tool-breakage control, accessories (SK 50 toolholders approx. 100.200 h "machine on", approx. 52.200 h "spindle on", last spindle change in 2020 *

Year of construction: 1997, condition: used, Price: On request - Year: 1997 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Drive system: CNC - Control system brand: Heidenhain - Number of axes [pcs]: 5 - X-axis travel [mm]: 1200 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 880 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 800 - Table length [mm]: 5000 - Tool holder: SK40 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 18000 - Options: Digital readout - └ Type of digital readout: Heidenhain Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Nwsdpjwh Shvofx Akcjf Lukas van Rossum

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 220 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 25 rpm, year of last overhaul: 2026, Dear Sir or Madam, We are offering for sale a Deckel FP2 Aktiv. This newer model is particularly notable for its infinitely variable spindle speed control with Heidenhain Aktiv control, making operation both very simple and extremely comfortable. The machine has undergone extensive partial refurbishment in our workshop and is therefore in excellent condition. You are welcome to inspect the machine on site. Delivery time: on request Machine number: 2202-xxxx Table: Rigid angle table or rotary-tilting-swiveling table Travel (X/Y/Z): 400mm / 220mm / 400mm Drive power: 3 kW Number of spindle speeds: 16 Njdpfx Akjx Hr Dzocewf Speed range: 25-2500 rpm Tool holder: SK40 Drawbar system: S20x2 Feed: Infinitely variable Equipment and accessories: 3-axis Heidenhain digital readout, stepless feed adjustment on all 3 axes, Heidenhain digital readout with Aktiv control, coolant system, central lubrication, technical documentation, machine leveling feet, safety devices (optional) Our service promise to you: - We are a certified master workshop specializing in mechanical engineering - All machines are thoroughly inspected - All lubricants and any worn parts are replaced in advance - On request, we can fully or partially overhaul the selected machine for you - If desired, you can order further accessories such as tools, etc. directly - If desired, we can install additional equipment such as safety devices, etc. directly - We are also happy to handle shipping and/or installation for you

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 220 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 25 rpm, year of last overhaul: 2026, Equipment: documentation/manual, Dear Sir or Madam, We are offering a partially overhauled Deckel FP2 for sale. This newer model stands out particularly due to its stepless speed control, which makes operation very easy and extremely comfortable. The machine has undergone an extensive partial overhaul in our workshop and is therefore in excellent condition. You are welcome to inspect it on site. --- Currently 3 units available for immediate delivery! --- Nsdjy Exayepfx Akcswf Availability: 3x immediately Machine no.: 2202-xxxx Table: fixed angular table or rotary-tilt-swivel table Travel distances: X 400mm / Y 220mm / Z 400mm Drive power: 3kW Number of spindle speeds: 16 Speed range: 25-2500 rpm Tool holder: SK40 Drawbar thread: S20x2 Feed: stepless Equipment and accessories: Heidenhain 3-axis digital readout, stepless feed regulation on all 3 axes, coolant system, central lubrication, technical documentation, leveling feet, safety devices (optional) Our service promise to you: - We are a certified master workshop in mechanical engineering - All machines are thoroughly inspected - All lubricants and, if necessary, worn parts are replaced in advance - On request, we can fully or partially overhaul your selected machine - If desired, you can order additional accessories such as tools, etc. directly - If required, we can directly install further equipment such as safety devices - We are happy to arrange shipping and/or installation for you

Condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, Dear Sir or Madam, We hereby offer a Deckel FP3 milling machine. The machine is undergoing comprehensive partial refurbishment in our workshop and is therefore in excellent condition. We are happy to retrofit safety devices or additional equipment according to your requirements. We look forward to your inquiry! Delivery time: on request Dimensions: 2.00x1.60x1.90 m (LxWxH) Weight: approx. 1,500 kg Travel X-axis: 500 mm Travel Y-axis: 300 mm Travel Z-axis: 380 mm Table clamping surface: 800x420 mm Speed range: 40-2,000 rpm Tool holder: ISO 40 Drive power: approx. 3.8 kW Nwjdsq H Eabspfx Akcef Axes with feed: X, Y, Z Feed rate: 10-500 mm/min Rapid traverse: approx. 1,500 mm/min Further equipment and accessories: on request Our service promise to you: - We are a certified master craft business specializing in mechanical engineering - All machines are thoroughly inspected - All lubricants and, if necessary, worn parts are replaced beforehand - We can perform a complete or partial overhaul of your selected machine upon request - You are free to choose the paint color for your selected machine - On request, you can order additional accessories such as tools, etc., directly - On request, we can also install further accessories such as safety devices, etc. - We are happy to arrange shipping and/or installation at your location

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: 25 30 0000 100 01, For sale is this Deckel S11 tool grinding machine. Comprising: - 1 Deckel S11 universal tool grinding machine, year of manufacture 1988, machine no. 1115, painted green RAL 6011 - 1 dividing head SK40 - 1 thread and clearance grinding attachment - 1 grinding wheel dressing device - 1 machine lamp - 1 dust extraction unit - 1 IPM video measuring system, consisting of color camera, zoom lens with 10–110x magnification, screen with digital readout of travel paths, backlight, incl. software - 1 optoelectronic measuring device, prepared for the video measuring system - 1 set of collets, 20 mm shank, 1–18 mm clamping diameter - 1 set of collets, 10 pcs, 6–25 mm - 1 collet sleeve - 1 tooth rest Nwodpfx Akeyq Nriecsf - 3 grinding wheel safety covers - 1 setting gauge The machine is in limited working condition: - Occasional spindle speed fluctuations - The precision of the tool holding device should be checked and possibly overhauled

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, x-travel 1.250 mm y-travel 1.000 mm z-travel 1.000 mm Control SIN840D pl C-axis (table) 360 x 0,001 ° B-axis (head) -10 - 180 x 0,001 ° rotary table speeds infinitely variable 10 - 500 U/min feed X/Y/Z/-axis 20 - 10.000 mm/min rapid traverse X/Y/Z 60,00 m/min tool taper HSK 100 Nwjdpfxoy E Tvie Akcof spindle turning speed - stepless programmable 20 - 8.000 1/min spindle turning speed - gearbox stage 1 20 - 1.600 1/min. spindle turning speed - gearbox stage 2 1.600 - 8.000 1/min. power capacity at 100 % load 19,00 kW power capacity at 40 % load 28,00 KW max. torque at 40% / 100% load 772 / 492 Nm table surface area Ø1.100 mm table load 1,50 t tool magazine with 180 tool diameter 110 mm tool diameter with 2 vacant positions 230 mm tool length - max. 500 mm weight of tools max. 30,00 kg total power requirement 85,00 kW weight of the machine ca. 32,50 t dimensions of the machine ca. 9,50 x 4,80 x H3,80m m 5-axis machining center with turning function and pallett changer. Control SIEMENS SINUMERIK 840D powerline, Operating Mode 4, Tool-Magazin with 180 places, coolant filter system 980 liter, chip conveyor, coolant through the spindle, RotoClear.

Condition: used, control Dialog 4 x-travel 400 mm Nsdpfx Aksyyqp Aecewf y-travel 315 mm z-travel 400 mm spindle tunring speed 3.150 U/min In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice and errors. Prior sale is reserved.