Used Scm Multispindle Boring Machine for sale (64,668)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 120 rpm, table length: 550 mm, table width: 320 mm, spindle mount: MK 2, total height: 1,500 mm, total length: 1,400 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, rotational speed (min.): 120 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, drilling capacity: 75 mm, distance between stands: 600 mm, spindle motor power: 551 W, For sale is a Hauser brand coordinate drilling machine of type OP3 The machine is ready for use and fully functional Technical data: HAUSER OP3 coordinate drilling machine Table: 550 x 320 mm Longitudinal travel: X-axis 400 mm Cjdpevzrx Nefx Acperh Cross travel: Y-axis 250 mm Vertical travel: Z-axis 400 mm Cone in the spindle: MK 2 Drilling capacity in steel: 20 mm Stroke of the drilling spindle Z-axis: 130 mm Bore diameter: max. 75 mm Distance from table to spindle: 600 mm Spindle speeds: infinitely variable: 120- 3000 rpm Feed rates: Drill spindle slide: Number (steps) 2, 0.03 mm/rev 0.06 mm/rev Spindle motor: 0.75 HP Machine weight: approx. 1500 kg Dimensions: 1400x1500x2100 Transport and loading can be organized throughout Europe on request for an additional charge. Prices plus VAT Viewings possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to help you. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machine purchase / sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MUCH MORE. Do you need a high-quality but inexpensive metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours? For more information or contact options, visit us on our website

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1982, with 2 drilling beams Used, good condition Make Scheer Type DB 3 Year of construction 1982 Machine no. 73021 Number of spindles: 25 Number of drill beams: 2 Spindle spacing/grid: 32 mm Drilling from above Hydraulic feed brakes: 2 Linear stop: 1 approx. 2500 mm Crsdpfx Ajv Trlmecpsh Working width: approx. 800 mm (768 mm) Drilling depth: approx. 100 mm stroke Drill chuck: M 10 Pendulum stops: 3 Clamps: 3 Drill programs: 4 Space required: approx. 1400 mm x 1300 mm x 1800 mm Weight: approx. 1000 kg Location: Arrives at the end of April at warehouse 54634 Bitburg - free on freight - Handed over in the current condition, as seen, without overhaul, without warranty or guarantee

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Solid drill diameter / mm bore depth / mm number of spindles / 2-machine package: Froriep deep hole drilling machine & Irle finishing machine Perfectly matched duo for deep hole drilling and precise finishing of large workpieces A specialised machine package is available for sale – two perfectly matched systems for the complete machining of long, heavy workpieces with the highest demands on precision and efficiency. MACHINE 1 Froriep CNC deep hole drilling machine – the prefabrication specialist Year of manufacture: 2006 Control system: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Max. drilling depth: 8,850 mm Workpiece diameter: 150 – 900 mm Speed range: 1 – 300 rpm Feed rate: 0.5 – 4,500 mm/min Drive power: 129 kW Swing diameter over bed: 1,000 mm Clamping diameter faceplate: 900 mm Weight: approx. 47,000 kg Ideal for precise pre-drilling of deep holes – including faceplate, steering ring MACHINE 2 Irle machine – high-precision finishing Power: 129 kW Control: Siemens NC control Speed range: 2 – 300 rpm (stepless) Feed: 3 – 4,500 mm/min (in steps) Centre distance: 11,000 mm Swing diameter over bed: 1,250 mm Clamping range of steady rests: 150 – 1,100 mm Workpiece length: up to 11,000 mm Workpiece weight: up to 10 tonnes Cedpfeuddimex Acpsrh Max. outer diameter: 850 mm With up to 50,000 Nm torque, perfect for smooth drilling, honing and demanding finishing processes. Your advantages at a glance - Complete solution from a single source – from pre-drilling to finishing - Large workpieces up to 11 metres and 10 tonnes in weight - High process reliability thanks to perfect machine synchronisation - Ready for immediate use, well maintained and from ongoing operation - Ideal for mechanical engineering, energy, oil & gas, hydraulics and large parts manufacturing

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1978, travel distance X-axis: 8,300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, Floor boring machine WMW Union BFP 130/5 X-axis: 8300mm Y-axis: 2500mm Z-axis: 500mm W-axis: 900mm Spindle diameter: 130mm Spindle taper: ISO 50 Rotary table: 2000x1800 Cedpfxszt Iqbe Acpsrh 2 x floor plates: 3500x1750 Year of manufacture: 1978 Milling head Tailstock DRO Heidenhain Spindle stabilizer Boring bar Many accessories ✅ Excellent working condition Total weight: 53 tones

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, cycle time 0 sec total power requirement 2,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 1 t dimensions of the machine ca. m P O S A L U X (Switzerland) Crodpot Hwvgsfx Acpoh Horizontal 3-Spindle Fine Boring Machines Model MICROFOR PNC 3 Year 1984 Serial Nos. 6.8230/9 Boring Æ 0.15 - 2 mm Spindle stroke 0 - 18 mm Working stroke, max. 0 - 12 mm Quick feed 60 mm/sec Boring feed 0 - 5 mm/sec Spindle speeds 3,500 - 11,500 rpm Distance between spindles, vertical, approx. 80 mm Table speeds (for deburring) approx. 100 rpm Table Æ, approx. 100 mm Table bore, approx. 70 mm Table slide swivelling device, approx. 60 °/sec Swivelling range 0 - 100 ° Total drive, approx. 2.5 kW Weight 1,000 kg Accessories / Special Features Serial No. 6.8230/9 Machine is equipped with a modern POSALUX SELECTRON Control with keyboard and LED for direct programming on the machine (in principle the same as with a punchboard control). With setting microscope and machine lamp.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, Manufacturer: MIBA Type: NC-Milling Machine Control: Siemens TOUCH Year of manufacture: 2017 Z Axis 1100 mm X Axis 1310 mm C Axis Endless Working range stage 1: 4000 - 8500 mm Working range stage 2: 4000 - 11,500 mm Specifications Metric US Standard There are (still) no specifications for this machine. Dimensions (Estimate) Length 14400 mm Width 12000 mm Height 6000 mm Weight 24000 kg Codpewq Hwdsfx Acpsrh Please note: The information on this page has been obtained by us to the best of our knowledge and, where possible, from the manufacturer. The information is given in good faith, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, they do not constitute representations or contractual terms. We recommend that you check all important details.

Condition: good (used), Code: 0743 Brand: MASTERWOOD - ITALY Model: SPEEDY 207 - CE Standard Numerical control point to point boring machine for custom furniture manufacturing, kitchen furniture, bathroom furniture, and various processes - CE Standard Boring head with 5 vertical and 1 double horizontal independent chucks - Spindles rotation rpm 4500 Saw for longitudinal cuts - Saw rotation rpm 6000 Machine table with 1390 x 750 mm boring capacity and two side jump up stops handled by the control unit to execute with only one program and one intermediate hold panels up to 2800 x 750 mm size Possibility of boring 2800 mm panels Vertical pneumatic tool displacement mm 60 Max panel thickness mm 50 Vacuum pump 16 m3/h for panel clamping Vacuum cup diameter mm 80 Clamping cylinders for narrow workpieces against fixed rear stops Crodpfx Aezp D Nljcpeh Multitasking control complete with interactive graphic programming, 9" video, boring programs, optimizing working cycle, graphic, parametric, diagnostic modes Safety protection: carpet sensitive to the presence of people Overall dimensions - Machine : mm 2500 x 1500 x 1800 h - Weight kg 860 Overall dimensions - Electric board : mm 800 x 550 x 1100 - Weight Kg 120

Condition: excellent (used), drilling depth: 1,000 mm, overall weight: 20,000 kg, travel distance X-axis: 1,250 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 380 mm, drill diameter: 40 mm, rotational speed (max.): 4,200 rpm, table length: 1,000 mm, table width: 800 mm, table load: 9,000 kg, feed length W-axis: 500 mm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, IMSA DEEP HOLE DRILLING MACHINE, MODEL MF 1000 BB TRAVELS: LONGITUDINAL AXIS 1250 TRANSVERSE AXIS (MILLING SPINDLE) 380 mm TRANSVERSE HEAD TRAVEL 500 mm VERTICAL TRAVEL 1000 mm MAXIMUM DRILLING DEPTH 1000 mm MAXIMUM DRILLING SPINDLE SPEED 4200 RPM Cedpfx Asytff Dscporh MAXIMUM DRILLING DIAMETER 40 mm MAXIMUM MILLING SPINDLE SPEED 4000 RPM MAXIMUM THREADING SIZE M 40 MAXIMUM MILLING DIAMETER 65 mm SPINDLE TRAVEL 380 mm ROTARY TABLE DIMENSIONS 1000x800 MAXIMUM WEIGHT WITH STATIONARY TABLE 9000 KG MAXIMUM WEIGHT WITH ROTATING TABLE 4000 KG TOTAL MACHINE WEIGHT 20,000 KG

Condition: used, Used Machine Features and Technical Specifications: - With 3 drilling spindles Csdpfx Acozyy Dgjpjrh - Drilling depth 80 mm - Reach 560 mm - Motor 0.7–0.9 kW - Motor speed 1,400/2,800 rpm - Speed of the center spindle 650/1,300 rpm - Outer spindle speed: 900/1,800 rpm - Table size: 800 x 800 mm - Height adjustment/clearance: 410 mm - Swivel range of the swiveling table (circular) 30° - Spindle taper MK II - Drill chuck (clamping range) 0–16 mm - Weight 430 kg

Condition: used, Technical details: spindle diameter: 130 mm x-travel: 2190 mm y-travel: 1520 mm z-axis: 1520 mm w-axis: 1000 mm table surface area: 2000 x 1800 mm workpiece weight: 8 t spindle motor: 18 kW spindle taper ISO: 50 spindle turning speed range: 4,5 - 900 U/min faceplate diameter: 785 mm rapid traverse: 5 m/min total power requirement: 40 kW dimensions of the machine ca.: 5,5 x 6,9 x 5,2 m Credpfx Asvclrxocpoh weight of the machine ca.: 35 t Machine was retrofitted in 2023 with HEIDENHAIN TNC 360 CNC control - inf. variable spindle spped - 4 x 90° table positioning - diverse toolholders - dDust exhauster *

Condition: good (used), Code: 0451 Brand: MCN - ITALY Model: JUNIOR - CE Standard Crjdpfxszm Slpj Acpsh Bit mortising machine for furniture, joinery, custom-made furniture, doors, shelves and various – CE standard Technical data: Table length 530 mm Table width 230 mm Table height from floor 800 mm Max groove length 200 mm Max groove depth 150 mm Vertical spindle stroke 200 mm Spindle attack 16 mm Spindle 2800 rpm Motor power 2 Hp Pneumatic clamping device for workpieces Weight kg 160

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, spindle diameter 130 mm x-travel 3500 mm y-travel 2500 mm z-axis 1250 mm W-axis (spindle longitudinal) 800 mm ISO 50 P.D.B 1800x2500 mm 12 t 400 total power requirement 37 kW ATC 40 positions Safety guarding Coolant The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- Csdpjyqvqrsfx Acporh binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1956, spindle diameter 120 mm x-travel 1200 mm y-travel 600 mm z-travel 600 mm turning speeds 19-1900 U/min table-size 600x1200 mm table load 2000 kg spindle taper ISO 50 Feed 0,042-1,46 mm/U weight of the machine ca. . t dimensions of the machine ca. . m The tech. Data are manufacturer or operator information and therefore non- binding. We reserve the right to prior sale; Our terms and conditions of sale apply exclusively. Crjdpfx Asyqu R Recpoh About us More than 400 of our own machines in stock Over 15,000 m² of storage space, 70 t crane capacity More than 10,000 items and accessories for your workshop If you are interested in selling machines, production lines, or your business, please contact us. You can find further offers on our website. Tours are possible by appointment. We look forward to your visit. Your Markus Hirsch Team

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, CNC Universal – Milling and Drilling Machine DECKEL MAHO DMU 80 T With Heidenhain iTNC 530 path control Year of manufacture: 2002 Travel ranges: X 880 Y 630 Z 630 Spindle speed range: 0 – 18,000 rpm, stepless (SK 40) Codpfx Aez Dwd Ascporh With the following accessories: NC rotary table, 700 mm, integrated into a fixed angular table, 1250 mm x 700 mm Clamping surface Vertical tool changer with 32 magazine slots (SK 40) Full enclosure with sliding doors and interior lighting Electronic handwheel Operating modes 3 + 4 Spiralscrew conveyor Coolant system 3-piece adjustable machine feet Spindle oil cooler Control cabinet cooler (Rittal) Operating manuals

Condition: excellent (used), Gantry (Portal) machine Movable panel (workpiece), movable working head (Horizontal position of the panel/workpiece) Numerical Control Power Control, Software WoodWOP Safety cabin (enclosure) of the working head and integral safety cabin (enclosure) of the machine In-feeding working table (panel support). Out-feeding working table (panel support) Panels (workpieces) feeding by No. 3 motorized belts - Feeding speed (m/min) max 130 ca. Minimum workpieces dimensions (X - Y - Z) mm 250 x 100 x 15 Maximum workpieces dimensions (X - Y - Z) mm 2500 x 1050 x 60 Motorized carpet to evacuate chips and wastes. Separate electric and command cabinet Total installed power: Kw 99 Cjdpsgwbbqjfx Acpsrh N° 2 WORKING GROUPS (TOP) - (SERVO-MOTOR X-Y-Z ): N° 4 Drilling heads (4 x Kw 2.3) with No. 10 vertical spindles each (total top spindles No. 40) N° 3 WORKING GROUPS (BOTTOM) - (SERVO-MOTOR X-Y-Z ) : N° 6 Drilling heads (6 x Kw 2.3) with No. 40 vertical spindles each (total bottom spindles No 240) N° 2 WORKING GROUPS (HORIZONTAL) N° 2 Drilling heads with horizontal spindles N° 21 Horizontal drilling spindles (Right Side) + N° 21 Horizontal drilling spindles (Left Side) N° 8 Dowel Inserting nozzle & glue injectors(Right side) + N° 8 Dowel Inserting nozzle (Left Side) N° 2 Storage tanks for automatic feeding of the dowels OPTIONAL: WIRELESS BAR CODE SCANNER

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, Dowel hole drilling device: Pitch 16, 22, 25, 32 Drilling depth: 145 mm Crodpfx Aewhuu Eecpjh Slot length: 240 mm Height adjustment range: 135 mm Motor power: 1.3 / 1.8 kW Speed: 1400 / 2800 rpm Holder clamp: manual Extraction connection: 100 mm Machine length: 1280 mm Machine width: 960 mm Weight: 300 kg

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2022, Dowel hole drilling unit: pitch 16, 22, 25, 32 Drilling depth: 150 mm Long hole length: 250 mm Vertical adjustment travel: 145 mm Motor power: 1.5 kW Speed: 3000 rpm Dust extraction connection: 100 mm Machine length: 1280 mm Machine width: 960 mm Weight: 160 kg Cjdpjgzlq Eofx Acperh

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, Solid drill diameter 200 mm bore depth / mm number of spindles / Technical data Power: 129 kW Control: Siemens NC control Speed range (stepless): 2 - 300 rpm Feed range (in steps): 3 - 4500 mm/min Oil system capacity: 20,000 litres Maximum delivery rate: 1500 l/min Circular diameter in steady rest: 1100 mm Circular diameter over bed: 1250 mm Centre distance: 11000 mm Crjdpexgic Esfx Acpeh Clamping diameter face plate: up to 1100 mm Max. workpiece weight with one tailstock: 10 t Clamping range of the two steady rests: 150 - 1100 mm Clamping range BOZA: 1 = 200 - 400 mm 2 = 400 - 800 mm Dimensions Min. outer diameter: 406 mm Max. outer diameter: 850 mm Wall thickness: 10–150 mm Max. workpiece length: 11,000 mm Max. workpiece weight: 10 t Max. strength: 800 N/mm² Specific cutting resistance (Ks): 2000–2100 N/mm² Machine data Machine length: 28,800 mm Centre height: 560 mm Swing diameter over bed: 1120 mm Full drilling diameter: 200 mm Core drilling diameter: 350 mm Reaming diameter without drilling: 350 mm Reaming diameter with drilling: 350 mm Headstock: Main drive motor: Siemens Type: 1 PH 7228 Performance data at 1,000 min: 113 kW / 1,079 Nm Performance data at 1,150 min: 129 kW / 1,017 Nm Main gearbox: Z-F manual gearbox Type: 2 K210 Switchable gear ratios: i = 1:1 i = 1:4 Fixed gear ratio for spindle: i = 11.68 Max. torque: 50,000 Nm Speed range I: 2...300 min Speed range II: 2 ...75 min

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer: SIP, Switzerland Model: MP-5E Machine type: Credpfozvxw Djx Acpoh Coordinate drilling machine Longitudinal travel X: 700 mm Transverse travel Y: 500 mm Spindle travel: 180 mm Work surface of the table: 900 × 770 mm Max. distance table–spindle: 800 mm Min. distance table–spindle: 200 mm Clearance between columns: 875 mm Spindle sleeve diameter: 95 mm Spindle feed/increment: 5 mm Number of spindle speeds: 12 Spindle speed: 50–2,250 rpm Number of feed stages: 4 Feed rate during drilling: 0.04–0.21 mm/rev Max. table load: 600 kg Required electrical power: 5 kVA Machine weight: approx. 5,400 kg

Condition: used, Box column drilling machine WEBO Series- No 132 Machine No: 9 Drilling capacity 50 mm Spindle cone MK 5 - long quill throat 430 mm spindle stroke 280 mm Height adjustment of drill head 500 mm Table size Ø 725 mm Distance between drill spindle and table max. 740 mm Distance between drill spindle and clamping surface on machine base max. 1240 mm Spindle speed 55-820 rpm Feed rate level 1 0.13 - 0.2 - 0.27 - 0.4 mm/rev. Feed rate stage 2 0.6 - 0.83 - 1.17 - 1.8 mm/rev. Column diameter 300 mm Motor power 2.8 / 3.6 kW pole-changing Mains connection 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Spindle speed via 2 motor speeds and infinitely variable via variator - Manual drill head height adjustment via hand crank, clamping with clamping screws - Rotatable drill table with mechanical clamping - Table height adjustment via hand crank - Clamping surface on machine base 600 x 550 mm Top height of drill head 3020 mm Overall height drill head bottom 2520 mm Space requirement L x W x H 1400 x 780 x 2520 mm Weight 1600 kg Csdpfoqa Txqox Acperh good condition

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, New machine Year of manufacture: 2023 Multi-spindle universal dowel drilling machine with 3 numerical axes (+/- 0.1 mm) with horizontal and vertical drilling capability electronic adjustment of height, depth and drilling angle (0-90°) with 7" color touchscreen with memory for up to 1000 programs with parallel guides with numerical adjustment with 21 drilling spindles (10 left and 11 right) Spindle spacing: 32 mm max. drilling distance: 640 mm max. tool diameter: 40 mm max. drilling depth: 65 mm max. horizontal drilling height: 35 mm Working height: 860 mm max. plate thickness: 60 mm max. plate size: 900 x 3000 mm Crjdpfx Aelk R Epecpjh Motor: 1.5 kW - 2800 rpm Pneumatic connection: 6/8 bar Compressed air consumption per working cycle: 5 NL Dust extraction connection: 80 mm Machine footprint: 1580 x 950 x 1400 mm Net weight: 340 kg Availability: short-term Location: Flörsheim

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, core drilling diameter max. 25 mm bore depth 1000 mm swing diameter mm total power requirement 25 kW weight of the machine ca. 12,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. m T B T (Germany) CNC-Controlled Horizontal Deep Hole Drilling " Centre " Model BWP 250 Year 1996, but reconditioned mechanically and electrically in 2006 _____ Crjdpfx Acot Hw Ayepoh Working range: X Axis, machine column cross 2,000 mm Z Axis, drilling slide horizontal 1,200 mm Drilling depth 1.000 mm Y Axis, drilling slide vertical 1,100 mm Table clamping area 1,200 x 2,000 mm Drilling capacity in solid material, approx. 4 - 25 mm Tool holder taper HSK 50 Spindle speeds 1.260 - 15,000 rpm Feed rates / quickfeed, XYZ, infinitely variable 100 - 10,000/15.000 mm/min. Force rate of feed motors 27 Nm / 1.000 daN Spindle drive steplessly adjustable 7 kW Total electrical load, approx. 30 kW - 400 V - 50 Hz Weight, approx. 10,000 kg Accessories / Special Features: " Ideal machine for the complete processing of large workpieces like tool a. dies (cooling holes) mould- and dieplates, hydraulicparts etc. by means of deep hole drilling up to 25 x 1.000 mm, face milling up to Ø 60 mm, spiral twist drilling, counterboring and threading up to M 24 x 3 mm. " SIEMENS Continuous Path Control in 4 axes Model 840 D, with process monitoring for coolant pressure, operation data control function, toollife, feed force,Error diagnostics and easy dialogueprogramming directly on the panel, etc. " High Frequency Spindle Make GAMFIOR with stepless speeds " Hydraulically movable drill bush carrier, swivels 90° for holding gun drills (ELB) or picking up regular tools from the tool changer like twist drills, milling tools, taps, etc. " With automatic tool changer made by MIKSCH, Model CTM 40, using a 12-position tool changer, which is mounted on the r.h.side of machine housing, in fixed position, only moving forward and backward for tool changing operation. " Built-on indexing table as B-Axis made by FIBRO Model RTN 400 = 420 x 420 mm, " Extra Rotary Table made by FIBRO with Ø 1.000mm, for indexing 3-144 positions " Built-in coolant device with chip conveyor and various filters. " 2 steady rests. " Completely covered working area with access at the front and at the side. Condition : Very good condition. This is a rare and valuable machine. Under Power Delivery : immediately ex our Stock Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, TRIADE FR3 S Drilling Machines for Turned Parts Cedpfx Acsznmlyjpsrh Number of drilling units: 3 1. Lower unit: 3 kW 2. Upper unit: 1.5 kW 3. Lower unit: 1.1 kW (can also be used for screwing in sleeves/screws) Pneumatic material clamping system Application: Drilling of legs, turned parts, curtain rail components Weight: 1200 kg Dimensions: 115 x 128 x 180 cm (H)

Condition: used, x-travel 600 mm Crsdpfxswqrxmj Acpoh y-travel 400 mm z-travel 500 mm total power requirement 6 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Solid drill diameter / mm Crodpfxjxgu R Ij Acpsh bore depth / mm number of spindles / Froriep CNC deep hole drilling machine – the prefabrication specialist Year of manufacture: 2006 Control system: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Max. drilling depth: 8,850 mm Workpiece diameter: 150 – 900 mm Speed range: 1 – 300 rpm Feed rate: 0.5 – 4,500 mm/min Drive power: 129 kW Swing diameter over bed: 1,000 mm Clamping diameter faceplate: 900 mm Weight: approx. 47,000 kg Ideal for precise pre-drilling of deep holes – including faceplate, steering ring