Used Vacuum Furnace/Process Plant for sale (23,813)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: unexamined, total length: 1,700 mm, total height: 1,400 mm, total width: 680 mm, overall weight: 400 kg, Centrotherm VLO 20-N2-HCOOH Vacuum Furnace/Process System Thermal process system with nitrogen and formic acid supply, including Leybold vacuum pump and control system. Year of manufacture: 2011. Well-maintained exterior condition, but without documentation and no available password – therefore only partially tested. Rodpfx Asyubphokxst Power: 10 kW; Load current: 25 A; Supply: 3/N~ 400/230 V 50 Hz; Breaking capacity: 0.3 kA; Operating hours: approx. 21,286 h

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Further details on the technical specifications and configuration of the system can be found in the attached documentation. TECHNICAL DETAILS Inlet Conditions Design flow rate: 40,000 Nm³/h Temperature: 25 °C Relative humidity: 50% Pollutants V.O.C. inlet concentration: max. 305 mg/Nm³ Average LHV: 7,500 kcal/kg Dust: < 3 mg/Nm³ Discharge Conditions after RC System Volume flow: max. 40,150 Nm³/h Temperature: 30 - 50 °C TOC concentration: max. 20 mgC/Nm³ Filtration Unit Rodpfx Aeyz Rf Tjkxjt Air volume flow: max. 44,000 m³/h Operating temperature: 20 °C Rotary Concentrator Number of sectors: 3 Adsorbing active material: Zeolite Process volume flow: max. 41,000 Nm³/h Pollutant inlet concentration: max. 305 mg/Nm³ Process temperature: 20 °C Adsorption air volume flow: max. 38,950 Nm³/h Purge air volume flow: max. 2,050 Nm³/h Desorption air volume flow: max. 2,050 Nm³/h Desorption outlet concentration: max. 5,700 mg/Nm³ Blower BL-01 Air volume flow: max. 4,300 Nm³/h Operating temperature: 60 °C Static pressure: 5,900 Pa Total pressure: 6,290 Pa Power consumption: max. 12.8 kW Installed power: 18.5 kW Sound pressure level at 1.5 m distance: max. 89 dB(A) Blower BL-101 Air volume flow: max. 36,700 Nm³/h Operating temperature: 35 °C Static pressure: 2,400 Pa Total pressure: 2,620 Pa Power consumption: max. 38.4 kW Installed power: 55 kW Sound pressure level at 1.5 m distance: max. 84 dB(A) Blower BL-02 Air volume flow: max. 135 Nm³/h Operating temperature: 30 °C Static pressure: 5,000 Pa Total pressure: 5,050 Pa Power consumption: max. 0.4 kW Installed power: 2.2 kW Sound pressure level at 1.5 m distance: max. 70 dB(A) EQUIPMENT Documentation/manual included Note: The system has already been dismantled.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 100 h, HAMMEL Metal Processing Plant consisting of: HAMMEL Shredder Type VB 950 DK (Twin-Shaft Shredder) - Diesel engine CAT C18, approx. 780 HP - Mounted on crawler tracks - Shredding shafts (metal design) - Breaker bar with comb - Spiral fan HAMMEL Metal Screen Type SMA 150 E - Mounted on hooklift frame - Vibro finger screen Rodpjygl Apjfx Akxjt - Permanent magnetic drum - Discharge conveyor FE - Discharge conveyor NE - Discharge conveyor for oversize material HAMMEL Eddy Current Separator Type MWA 1000 E - Mounted on hooklift - Vibratory chute - Discharge conveyor for aluminum - Discharge conveyor NE HAMMEL Sorting Conveyors Type MFB 800 E (3 units) - Mounted on hooklift - 4 sorting stations - 1 discharge conveyor with roof, railings, and walkways HAMMEL Return Conveyor - Transports oversize material back to the shredder Special offer: 30% discount Note: Video and images are examples.

Year of construction: 2023, condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Equipment: CE marking, Black Garlic Fermentation Machine Model: HY100 Dimensions: 1530*1450*2250mm (L*W*H) Weight: 600kg Power: 4kW Fermentation Trays: 20 pcs Tray Size: 680*470*80mm, stainless steel 304 Capacity: 100kg raw material Processing Cycle: 20 days Control System: automatic PLC controller Power Supply: 380V Material: stainless steel 304 Description: Ferments fresh garlic for 20 days. The fermentation and drying times can be controlled depending on the production areas of the raw materials and fermentation conditions. Rsdpoya Tqnsfx Akxet Colloidal Mill Dimensions: 700*570*920mm (L*W*H) Power: 4kW Working Speed: 2800 r/min Power Supply: 380V Material: stainless steel 304 Hopper Diameter: 48mm Working Capacity: 0.3–1 t/h Description: The colloidal mill is a type of ultrafine wet crushing equipment, used for homogenizing, emulsifying, mixing, and crushing various fluids, semi-fluids, and emulsions. It can replace a stone mill, grinder, ball mill, tissue crusher, and other machines, and is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Filling Machine Filling Range: 100g–500g Power Supply: 220V/50Hz/single-phase Power: 0.4kW Air Supply Pressure: 0.4–0.6mpa Material: stainless steel 304 Description: Enables quantitative filling of various liquids or pastes, such as sweet and spicy sauces, edible oil, mineral water, fruit juice, injectables, shampoo, cleaners, etc. The filling volume and speed can be easily adjusted, with high measurement accuracy. Vacuum Jar Capping Machine Dimensions: 530*470*760mm (L*W*H) Weight: 68kg Power: 220V Vacuum Pump Power: 220V Jar Height: 60–180mm Jar Diameter: 20–75mm Air Pressure: 0.4–0.6mpa Semi-Automatic Front/Back Labelling Machine for Round Bottles This labelling machine with printer can print the production date, batch number, expiration date, etc., during labelling. • Power Supply: 220V 50/60Hz • Power: 300W • Air Pressure: 0.4–0.7Mpa • Label Width: 10–200mm; Label Length: 15–350mm • Bottle Diameter: 10–160mm • Production Capacity: 20–30 pcs/min (depends on label size and manual operation speed) • Deviation: ±0.5mm • Max. Label Roll Inner Diameter: 75mm • Max. Label Roll Outer Diameter: 280mm • Weight: 42kg • Dimensions: 760×540×370mm Professional Air Filtration and Deodorization Unit with Motor – 2000 m³/h – with Pre-Filter and Activated Carbon Filter Dimensions: 1200*670*520mm (L*W*H) Power Supply: 220V 50/60Hz Power: 300W Number of Activated Carbon Filters: 6 pcs Number of Pre-Filters: 1 pc Air Circulation per Hour: 2,000 m³ Separation Degree: 70% Weight: 87kg

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Chip processing plant for the deoiling of chips of all types (can be customized to your requirements). With this system, coarse and foreign materials are not a problem! The machines are patented and specifically designed so that foreign parts in the chips are automatically ejected. Included in the scope of delivery: - SPYRA chip crusher ZE 2000 - AME hinged belt conveyor (between crusher and centrifuge) - SPYRA chip centrifuge 500H (can be replaced with the larger 600H centrifuge upon request) - Additional discharge conveyor (if required) Not included but available as optional upgrades: - Tipping and lifting device for fully automatic filling of the chip crusher - Filtration system for extracting oil from the chips for reuse - Control cabinet Technical data for the SPYRA chip crusher ZE 2000: Total height with hopper: approx. 2,318 mm Dimensions (L x W): approx. 1,500 x 800 mm Weight: 2,000 kg Motor power: 22 kW Voltage: 400 V/50 Hz Speed at tear arm: 40 rpm Torque at tear arm: 3,500 Nm Inner diameter of tearing hopper (bottom): 315 mm Inner diameter of tearing hopper (top): 782 mm Height of tearing hopper: 412 mm Hopper capacity (tearing hopper): 85 liters Hydraulic unit Motor power: 0.75 kW Pump output: 2.4 liters/min Hydraulic tank capacity: 5 liters Operating pressure: 10–80 bar Maximum pressure: 160 bar Technical data for SPYRA chip centrifuge PSZ 500 H: Outer diameter: Ø 1,160 mm Drum diameter: Ø 500 mm Feed hopper: Ø 700 mm Discharge hopper: Ø 800 mm Total height (with frame height 1,160 mm): 2,735 mm Motor power: 4 kW Connection: 400 V/50 Hz Drum speed: 1,200 rpm Hydraulic unit, Spyra standard Power: 4 kW Voltage: 400 V Tank volume: 100 l Operating pressure (without oil filling): 100 bar Inspection cover bolted. No electrical monitoring. Alternative larger centrifuge PSZ 600 H: Outer diameter: Ø 1,260 mm Drum diameter: Ø 600 mm Feed hopper: Ø 700 mm Discharge hopper: Ø 900 mm Machine height without base: 1,900 mm Discharge height: 835 mm Total height (with frame height 1,160 mm): 2,735 mm Total height is variable by adjusting the frame and hopper height Redpfeyzhdyjx Akxst Motor power: 5.5 kW Connection: 400 V/50 Hz Drum speed: 1,000 rpm Hydraulic unit, Spyra standard Power: 4 kW Voltage: 400 V Tank volume: 100 l Operating pressure (without oil filling): 100 bar If needed, please contact us for a tipping and lifting device, swiveling discharge conveyor, filtration system, or control cabinet.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1972, functionality: fully functional, This processing plant is designed for the production of creams, ointments, gels, pastes, lotions, suppository compounds, etc., with a usable volume of 100 liters. The total volume with the container closed is 123 liters; the minimum fill volume is 35 liters. The system consists of a fully enclosed stainless steel container with double jacket, which can be electrically or water heated/cooled. The container features a lid with integrated mixing units and drives. The mixing vessel is mounted on three castors and can be wheeled out for filling or cleaning purposes. The lid is mounted on a lifting column for hydraulic raising and lowering, enabling convenient cleaning and emptying. It is fitted with an observation window and two inlets with valves, which can also be used for adding other product components. Additionally, an adjustable mechanism is provided for setting the grinding gap of the colloid mill. Redpfeyx Sxcjx Akxst Technical specifications: Container: Permissible operating pressure: 1 bar / -1 bar Homogenizer: 1,500/3,000 rpm – 1.8/2.5 kW Anchor agitator: 19/38 rpm – 1.8/2.3 kW Spiral agitator: 29/58 rpm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, Industrial vacuum and pressure impregnation plant designed for efficient and uniform wood treatment. The T10 features a Ø1,800 mm × 6,000 mm autoclave, handling 8–9 m³ of timber per charge, with operating pressure up to 15 bar (abs). The plant is fully automated via PLC, enabling precise control of vacuum, pressure, time and preservative absorption. Built to EN 13445 standards with third-party inspection, it is suitable for modern chrome- and arsenic-free preservatives. Complete system includes pressure vessel, working tank, vacuum and pressure pumps, cleaning system, trolley loading system and safety features. Ideal for sawmills and industrial wood processors seeking reliable, high-quality impregnation performance. Rsdpex Sdptsfx Akxst Technical specifications available on request.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), vacuum drying oven Inside: 700 x 700 x 600mm deep Heating capacity: 3 KW Temperature range 1-120°C Outer dimensions: 1280 x 950 x 1280 Rodjfbl T Nopfx Akxjt Pressure range: Atmosphere - 0 Bar (Not suitable for overpressure) A suitable vacuum pump is provided depending on the application. Supply line: 3ph , N, PE 400V, 50Hz CEE plug The interior installation can of course be completely removed!

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2009, machine/vehicle number: SN FX036084, functionality: fully functional, 12 months warranty, in stock, excellent condition Resistance-heated system with gas-tight furnace muffle - Continuous operation Tmax 800°C - Max. temperature approx. 900°C (under protective gas) - SE-402 programmable controller - 3-zone heating - Gas supply system: 2 different protective gases, as well as fuel gases - Gas circulation - Vacuum system - Inner muffle dimensions (W x D x H): 580 x 830 x 1500 mm (special length) - Muffle volume approx. 722 liters - Max. charge weight approx. 1000 kg - Two-stage rapid cooling with frequency converter - Flare-off device with flame monitoring Rsdpfx Akjyxlwrsxjt - Sight glass DN150 - Max. gas operating pressure 7 mbar - Mains voltage 400V, 3-phase, N, PE - Heating power 70 kVA - Rated current 3 x 97A - Weight 1900 kg - External furnace dimensions (W x H x D): 1700 x 1950 x 2750 mm - Control cabinet (W x D x H): 510 x 1360 x 500 mm - Operating manual, circuit diagrams, CE declaration The furnace is offered reconditioned (all switching electrical components such as contactors, etc. have been replaced with new ones), new sealing, electrically tested incl. measurement protocols. Inspection in our warehouse by appointment! Furnace, industrial furnace, melting furnace, tilting crucible furnace, crucible furnace, aluminum melting furnace

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, total height: 1,000 mm, total width: 660 mm, total length: 1,250 mm, HERBST HRV S7 Laboratory Cream Processing Plant This machine is designed for mixing creams and pasty materials. Rodpfx Akeypak Hoxjt Mixing container approx. 7 litres capacity Stainless steel container with heatable double jacket Combination mixing tool integrated into the container lid Container vacuum-proof Ingegrated vacuum pump Manufacturer: Sonstige Year of construction: 2018 Floor Space: 100 x 66 x 125 cm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2001, Vacuum tempering furnace Manufacturer: BMI Rsdpfx Asvcyf Tjkxet year of construction 2001 Maximum temperature: 750°C Year of construction: 2001 Batch size: L X W X 1200 X 600 X 600mm Heating: Electric Heating capacity 100 KW

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, For sale is a fully procured, modular GMP process system for the production of C1-Esterase Inhibitor (C1-INH) from human plasma. The plant was professionally engineered, procured, and has successfully completed FAT, but has never been installed or put into operation. This is expressly not a used line, but a factory-new project and module package. Year of manufacture: 2020 Condition: brand new, in original packaging Operating hours: 0 Storage: temperature-controlled warehouse SCOPE OF SUPPLY (EXCERPT WITH QUANTITIES) Adsorption / Chromatography (Bay 2 & 3): - 2 adsorption lines (DEAE / QAE) - 2 buffer tanks - 2 pigging systems - 2 cooled transfer lines (pipe-in-pipe) - 4 filter press racks - 4 cooling cascades - 4 CIP loops Precipitation PRE: - 3 pre-precipitation tanks (incl. 1,000 L) - 3 main precipitation tanks - 3 CIP stations - 3 multi-layer filters - 1 vacuum station Buffer Preparation (Bay 2 & 3): - 6 buffer vessels (NaCl, DEAE, QAE buffer) - 6 temperature control skids - 4 media/WFI/CIP distribution units LEP 2.3 – Washing & Elution Solutions: - 2 washing solution tanks (up to 9,000 L) - 2 elution solution tanks - 4 temperature control units LEP 13 – Ammonium Sulfate System: - 1 preparation tank (3,500 L) - 2 storage/distribution tanks - Solid material crusher - Dosing & neutralization system - Heat-traced pipes Media Distribution: - 1 pharmaceutical NaOH 1M system - 1 technical NaOH 32% system - 1 acetic acid 60% system - Pump and dosing stations Additional Process Tanks: - >15 stainless steel tanks 316L (1,000–9,000 L) - Various skids, distribution and instrumentation units GMP & DOCUMENTATION - URS / requirement specifications per LEP - P&ID diagrams - Layout and sectional drawings - EMSR & instrumentation documentation - FAT documentation - Complete weld certification (digital) - Extensive photo documentation The project documentation is fully available both digitally and additionally physically archived, structured in 316 folders. Process control system connection with pre-configured MES interface is foreseen. Cleanroom integration according to specification. SALE Preferably as a complete system. Modular sale possible if the entire package is not sold. Suitable for plasma fractionators, biopharma manufacturers, CDMOs, or new site establishment projects. Availability: short notice Inspection: by appointment Price: on request Rodpfxsym Ayfe Akxet

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, power: 83 kW (112.85 HP), overall weight: 6,000 kg, total length: 460,000 mm, total width: 4,000 mm, total height: 4,300 mm, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 300 h, type of input current: three-phase, With shredder, centrifuge, and big bag filling station. Includes spark detection and extinguishing system. Approx. 300 operating hours, year of manufacture 2024. Suitable for stainless steel, nickel alloy, and titanium. Throughput capacity up to 1 ton/hour, depending on material. Total connected load: 83 kW. Overall length: 46 m. Height: 6.2 m. Price on request. Available at short notice. Location: Germany. Redpfxeq Nmw Is Akxot

Year of construction: 1988, condition: as good as new (ex-display), machine/vehicle number: 1116/87, MANUFACTURER: ELTERMA/IPSEN MODEL: VDFC-413 DESCRIPTION: Vacuum tempering furnace Rodom E Tvhopfx Akxjt YEAR OF PRODUCTION: 1988 STATUS: New unused, need revamping of the obsolete parts ( Cabinets ) Max Load Dimensions: 610x900x500mm Max Load Weight: 500 kg Working temperature: 150-750⁰C Approximate warm-up time of the vacuum chamber at 550 ° C for 30 minutes

Condition: good (used), Cole Parmer vacuum furnace Cole Parmer vacuum furnaces are designed for drying under carefully controlled conditions - normal atmosphere, vacuum up to 30" Hg or inert gas atmosphere. The furnace enables drying, vacuum embedding, electroplating and processing of electronic components. Non-corrosive, non-flammable gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide can be used in the furnace. All controls and connections (except the power supply) are located on the front in a vertical panel. Manufacturer: Cole Parmer Model: 5053-12 Power: 600 W Voltage: 240 V Dimensions: 510 x 420 x 1200 mm You can find more items - new and used - in our store! Redowxxgaspfx Akxst International shipping costs on request!

Year of construction: 1988, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, usable tank capacity: 400 l, rotational speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, Process plant for the production of emulsions, creams, ointments, pastes, lotions, suppository masses. The plant consists of the following components: - Heatable stainless steel vessel with double jacket - Lifting column for hydraulic raising and lowering of the lid - Swiveling control panel - Steel housing with hydraulic and vacuum pump for water circulation - Discharge device for the jacket TECHNICAL DETAILS Usable volume: 400 l Total volume: 480 l Minimum volume: 105 l Redpfx Aksxt E Iqexjt Mixing unit speeds Anchor scraper agitator (1.5 kW): 20 rpm Toothed colloid mill (5.5 kW): 3,000 rpm Dissolver (5.5 kW): 1,500 rpm Disc diameter: 250 mm Connection diameter: NW 32 mm MACHINE DETAILS Motor power hydraulic pump: 1.1 kW Motor power SIHI vacuum pump: 1.5 kW EQUIPMENT - Thermostats and solenoid valves for temperature control - Fryma type PK 84/25 discharge pump - Sight glass with lighting and wiper - Diaphragm vacuum gauge - Connection for external compressed air supply - Ventilation device - Cleaning wash nozzles

Year of construction: 1990, condition: used, The machine underwent a complete overhaul by the original manufacturer in 2016. Since then, it has seen very limited use and has been stored and disconnected for several years now. Redpoyaczpefx Akxst

Condition: defective spare-parts repository (used), Stainless steel housing for a vacuum furnace with a heating chamber made of molybdenum. Chamber size: 600 mm x 600 mm x 900 mm Internal diameter of the working chamber: 1,000 mm External diameter of the working chamber: 1,280 mm External diameter of the vessel (without flange): 1,450 mm Height without wooden pallet: 1,900 mm Height with wooden pallet: 2,100 mm Width: 1,900 mm Length: 1,900 mm Redpfevrh Iuox Akxot Weight with wooden pallet: 1,750 kg Inspection by appointment is possible at any time.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, Technical specifications: Operating voltage: 400V AC, 3PH/PE Frequency: 50Hz Connected load: 110kVA Main supply fuse: 200A Production capacity: depending on material to be processed, 20m/min / 6" core up to max. 830mm diameter / up to 1.4t Degree of automation: fully automatic Installation dimensions: 5.2x3.7x3.2m (LxWxH) Rjdpfx Aksxzuc Hsxot

Year of construction: 2000, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, maximum load weight: 7,000 kg, working height: 1,750 mm, The gas nitration vacuum oven is made up of all the steps involved in gas nitration, carburizing, and tempering. The machine is in very good condition. Rodpfx Aou T N Efokxot

Year of construction: 2010, condition: refurbished (used), Vacuum furnace for heat treatment of metals with a molybdenum chamber. A high vacuum of 10^-6 mbar is achieved in the furnace. Maximum operating temperature 1300 C. Dimensions of the working chamber: 0.35 x 0.42 m diameter x height. Molybdenum heating chamber. Closed circuit cooling system with a buffer tank Pumping system with a mechanical and turbomolecular pump. Ability to perform processes: • Annealing in high vacuum • Stress relief • Vacuum brazing • Vacuum brazing Rsdpfxjn Snx He Akxst • etc. The stove is 100% functional after modernization. Sales with installation and commissioning at the customer's place. The final price depends on the scope of modernization, agreed individually with the client. If you have any questions, please contact us.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, MAX MAMMUT 400-500-600: High speed log profiling line (up to 600 mm in diameter) for the production of prisms, "river use", "trieste use" beams, boards in general and semi-finished products for pallets. FULLY HYDRAULIC MACHINERY Rsdpfx Aohpbthokxot Minimum diameter of logs 120 mm Maximum diameter of logs 600 mm Minimum working length mm 1.800 Maximum working length mm "Infinite" (∞) Tool holder shaft diameter 60-80 mm Cutter diameter mm 300 Feed speed mt / min. 5 - 70

Year of construction: 1997, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 16109, Electrotherm HL-36x50-EQ-2 Vacuum Furnace Chamber (1997) Stokes Vacuum Pump System Digital Display Controller Slide Rail Track Part Entry Cart 1300 Max Temp Redpfxsx Ap N Rj Akxst Sublocation - Heat Treatment area.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, PAVAN, Italy PASTA PRODUCTION PLANT, CONSISTING OF: 1. SPAGHETTI LINE Manufacturer: PAVAN, Italy Year of manufacture: 1989 Control: CNC Specification Capacity 1250 kg/h Water consumption 400 l/h Overall dimensions L×W×H 48×7×7 m Line is consisting of Small mixer Large mixer Screw Pre-dryer Dryer ROTOTHERM®, completely overhauled and retrofitted Redsxz Hm Rspfx Akxjt “Night” store Foil packing machine Carton box packing machine 2. NEST PASTA LINE Manufacturer: PAVAN, Italy Year of manufacture: 1962 Control: PLC Specification Capacity 300 kg Water consumption 100 l/h Overall dimensions L×W×H 42×5×5 m Line is consisting of TRABATO press Pre-dryer Dryer Foil packing machine 3. MACARONI LINE Manufacturer: PAVAN, Italy Year of manufacture: 1970 Control: Conventional + PLC Specification Capacity 850 kg/h Water consumption 280 l/h Overall dimensions L×W×H 30×5×5 m Line is consisting of TRABATO press Elevators Pre-dryer Dryer Collection hopper Foil packing machine 4. COUSCOUS LINE Manufacturer: PAVAN, Italy Year of manufacture: 1960 Control: Conventional + PLC Specification Capacity 200 kg/h Water consumption 70 l/h Overall dimensions L×W×H 40×5×5 m Line is consisting of TRABATO press Elevators Pre-dryer Dryer Collection hopper Foil packing machine ----- All the lines are in very good used condition, full working order, still in use and visible under power. More pictures and videos available on request.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, Useful Dimensions : W600*D900*H900 mm Rjdpfxovfpfzs Akxot Loading Capacity : 800 kg/batch Cooling Pressure : 10 bar (abs.) Vacuum Level : 10exp-2 mbar (manufacturer specs.) Cooling Gas : N2