Used Linde E16P-02 for sale (10,053)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 10,597 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,620 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load centre: 500 Mast type: Triplex Ncsdpfxjxriwgs Akqjr Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tyre type: Superelastic Rear tyre type: Superelastic Battery voltage: 48V Sideshift, 3rd valve, interior mirror,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 11,771 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,620 mm, free lift: 1,518 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, fork carriage width: 980 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 3,639 kg, total length: 2,070 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,100 mm, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 mm Fork width: 80 mm Fork thickness: 40 mm ISO class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000–2,500 kg Ncodpox Twmzofx Akqer Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: Good Front tires type: Solid rubber Front tires size: 18x7-8 Front tires condition: 60–80% Rear tires type: Solid rubber Rear tires size: 16x6-8 Rear tires condition: 60–80% Battery voltage: 48V Battery capacity: 775Ah Battery manufacturer: SBatt Battery year of manufacture: 2024 Battery condition: New Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear work lights, front work lights, overhead guard, front windshield, full free lift, safety light, Aquamatic system.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 6,410 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,140 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, Manufacturer + model: LINDE E 16 PL - 386 / 02 evo * EX * Proplan 2G / Zone 1 Mast: 2F3140 ID: 25072.7804 Category: Used Mast: 2F Ncedpfx Akeyy Au Deqer Lowered height: 2120 mm Lifting height: 3140 mm Capacity: 1600 kg Year: 2016 Operating hours: 6410 hours Battery: Completely NEW * 48v/625ah * Year 05/2026 Options: CONTAINER specifications!! * EX * Proplan !!!!! System = INERIS 08 ATEX 3022 X Gas group = IIB Type = Cat 2G (approved for ZONE 1 and 2) Temperature class = T4 Equipped with: - Complete road lighting - Spotlights - Joystick control for forward/reverse - 2D - FFL mast - New tyres (ATEX specs)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 6,368 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,140 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, Manufacturer + model: LINDE E 16 PL - 386 / 02 evo * EX * Proplan 2G / Zone 1 Mast: 2F3140 ID: 25073.0896 Category: Used Njdpoyy Auwjfx Akqecr Mast: 2F Lowered height: 2120 mm Lifting height: 3140 mm Capacity: 1600 kg Year: 2016 Operating hours: 6368 hours Battery: Completely NEW * 48v/625ah * Year 05/2026 Options: CONTAINER specifications!! * EX * Proplan!!!!! System = INERIS 08 ATEX 3022 X Gas group = IIB Type = Cat 2G (approved for ZONE 1 and 2) Temperature class = T4 Equipped with: - Complete road lighting - Additional floodlights - Joystick control for forward/reverse - 2D - FFL mast - New tires (ATEX specs)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 5,259 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,140 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, Manufacturer + model: LINDE E 16 PL - 386 / 02 evo * EX * Proplan 2G / Zone 1 Mast: 2F3140 ID: 25063.3568 Nodpfjyy Aukox Akqjcr Category: Used Mast: 2F Lowered height: 2120 mm Lifting height: 3140 mm Capacity: 1600 kg Year: 2017 Operating hours: 5,259 hours Battery: Completely NEW * 48V/625Ah * year 05/2026 Options: CONTAINER specs!! * EX * Proplan!!!!! System = INERIS 08 ATEX 3022 X Gas group = IIB Type = Cat 2G (approved for ZONE 1 and 2) Temp class = T4 Equipped with: - Full street lighting - Spotlights - Joystick control forward/reverse - 2-stage D - FFL mast - New tires (ATEX specs)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 5,159 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,140 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, Manufacturer + model: LINDE E 16 PL - 386 / 02 evo * EX * Proplan 2G / Zone 1 Mast: 2F3140 ID: 25063.3443 Category: Used Mast: 2F Lowered height: 2120 mm Lifting height: 3140 mm Capacity: 1600 kg Year: 2017 Operating hours: 5159 hours Battery: Completely NEW * 48v/625Ah * Year 05/2026 Options: CONTAINER specifications!! Ncedoyy Audopfx Akqer * EX * Proplan !!!!! System = INERIS 08 ATEX 3022 X Gas group = IIB Type = Cat 2G (approved for ZONE 1 and 2) Temperature class = T4 Equipped with: - Complete road lighting - Additional spotlights - Joystick control forward/reverse - 2D - FFL mast - New tyres (ATEX specs)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 2,576 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,250 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,200 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Nodpfeyyrp Djx Akqjcr Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: very good Front tyres type: Superelastic Front tyres condition: 80 - 100% Rear tyres type: Superelastic Rear tyres condition: 80 - 100% Description: Workshop-inspected, new UVV & inspection, new paintwork Sideshift, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, heating, STVZO, full cab, pulse control, full free lift, CE certificate, Safety Light,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 2,798 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,250 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,200 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift truck ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: very good Front tyre type: superelastic Front tyre condition: 80 - 100% Ncodpfx Akeyyrp Rjqsr Rear tyre type: superelastic Rear tyre condition: 80 - 100% Description: Workshop-inspected, new UVV & service inspection, newly painted Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear work lights, front work lights, roof cover, front windscreen, full free lift, CE certificate, safety light.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 3,958 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,250 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,200 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift ISO Class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: very good Front tyre type: Superelastic Front tyre condition: 80 - 100% Ncjdpfx Akoyyrqboqsr Rear tyre type: Superelastic Rear tyre condition: 80 - 100% Description: Workshop-tested, new UVV & inspection, new paintwork Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear work light, front work light, full free lift, CE certificate, safety light,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 6,783 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,519 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,121 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Battery voltage: 48V Battery year: 2024 Sideshift, 3rd valve, Njdpoyyf Hvsfx Akqjcr

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 12,277 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,145 mm, free lift: 1,518 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,121 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Nsdpeyxiifsfx Akqecr ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Duplex Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Battery voltage: 48V Sideshift, 3rd valve,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 8,801 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,519 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,121 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Battery voltage: 48V Sideshift, 3rd valve, Nodpjyw U Rljfx Akqscr

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H2X386J12875, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 9,139 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,620 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,120 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Chassis number: H2X386J12875 Load centre: 500 mm Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tyres type: Superelastic Rear tyres type: Superelastic Njdpfx Aeycaqgekqscr Battery voltage: 48V Sideshifter, 3rd valve, interior mirror,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 8,630 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 5,300 mm, free lift: 1,800 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,300 mm, power: 10 kW (13.60 HP), fork carriage width: 980 mm, fork length: 1,150 mm, empty load weight: 3,800 kg, total length: 2,100 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,080 mm, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 Fork width: 80 mm Fork thickness: 40 mm ISO class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 – 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Speed category: 20 Condition: Ready for operation and fully functional Technical condition: very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 18x7-8 Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 16x6-8 Battery voltage: 48V Battery capacity: 775 Ah Battery type: PzS Ncedpfsxu R Urex Akqor Description: Read operating hours, inspection by appointment, transport option available. Please feel free to contact us for further questions. Sideshift, 3rd valve, rear work light, front work light, roof cover, windscreen, half-cab, solenoid valve, proportional control, full free lift, safety light, joystick, beacon, wiper, LED, seat,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 10,104 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,770 mm, free lift: 1,644 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,170 mm, fork carriage width: 980 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 mm ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Transmission: Dual pedal Condition: Refurbished, without warranty Technical condition: Good Front tire type: Non-marking Front tire size: 18x7-8 Front tire condition: 60 - 80% Rear tire type: Non-marking Rear tire size: 16x6-8 Rear tire condition: 60 - 80% Ncjdpfx Akex H U Ipjqsr Battery voltage: 48V Battery capacity: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: Hawker Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2019 Battery condition: 60 - 80% Description: Handover with new FEM 4.004 inspection including inspection booklet. If you have any further questions, please feel free to call us. In addition to this model, we have around 150 other industrial trucks in stock. Visit our website fleischmann-foerdertechnik. We are also happy to offer you leasing & financing as well as delivery at attractive rates. We also accept Linde equipment as trade-in, even if you do not purchase a unit from us. Operating hours displayed were recorded as of the date of listing. Subject to prior sale, changes, and errors. Side shifter, integrated side shifter, third valve, rear work light, front work light, full free lift, safety light, LED.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 6,752 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,070 mm, free lift: 1,474 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,080 mm, fork carriage width: 980 mm, fork length: 1,000 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load centre of gravity: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Duplex Gearbox: 1-pedal control Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tyres type: super elastic Front tyres size: 18x7-8 Front tyres condition: 60 - 80% Rear tyres type: super elastic Rear tyres size: 16x6-8 Rear tyres condition: 60 - 80% Battery voltage: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: GNB Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2017 Battery condition: 80 - 100% Description: Handed over with new FEM 4.004 test including test book If you have any further questions, call Please feel free to contact us. In addition to this model, we have around 150 other industrial trucks in stock. Visit our homepage fleischmann-foerdertechnik Leasing & financing as well as delivery at favorable conditions. We are happy to inquire for you. Trade-in of Linde devices is also possible - even without purchasing a device from us. The operating hours shown were read off at the time of entry. Subject to prior sale, changes and errors. Side shift, integrated side shift 3rd valve, rear work light, front work light, full free lift, safety light, seat heating, LED, Ncodpfewr N R Aex Akqsr

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 2,180 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,625 mm, free lift: 1,519 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,121 mm, fork carriage width: 980 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Gearbox: 1-pedal control Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 18x7-8 Ncedpswlwgxefx Akqjr Front tires condition: 20 - 40% Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 16x6-8 Rear tires condition: 20 - 40% Battery voltage: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: Hawker Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2016 Battery condition: 60 - 80% Description: Handed over with new FEM 4.004 test including test book If you have any further questions, please call us We are happy to help. In addition to this model, we have around 150 other industrial trucks in stock. Visit our homepage fleischmann-foerdertechnik Leasing & financing and we will be happy to inquire about delivery at favorable conditions for you. Linde equipment can also be traded in - even without purchasing a device from us. The operating hours shown were read off at the time of entry. Subject to prior sale, changes and errors. Side shift, fork positioner, integrated fork positioner with side shift 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, roof cover, windscreen, full free lift, safety light, LED,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 9,215 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,150 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: simplex, construction height: 2,196 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Standard Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Battery voltage: 48V Njdpfoxux Imjx Akqecr Sideshift, 3rd valve,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 7,186 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 6,075 mm, free lift: 2,069 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,671 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Battery voltage: 48V Ncjdpow Sz Nisfx Akqsr Side shift,

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 14,287 h, load capacity: 1,800 kg, lifting height: 4,620 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,150 mm, battery voltage: 48 V, fork length: 1,200 mm, tire condition: 65 %, Equipment: UVV, lighting, pallet forks, Description & special equipment: good tyres, good battery 70%, fork positioner, sideshift. Nedpfxsyzzz Ss Akqscr Note: The forklift is in good condition. The machine is currently located at our site in Bad Krozingen. Transport to your location can be arranged at an additional cost. An invoice with VAT shown will be sent to the buyer and the stated prices are net.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, load capacity: 1,600 kg, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, LINDE E16-P02 Evo electric forklift truck Equipped with: Willenbrock 03/17 48V 625Ah battery with very good good performance, measured at 50.4V. last service Service 03/2024 with 72 hours desulphation; Duplex mast with full free lift; 3rd valve, sideshift; Load protection grille (can be easily removed); Full cab with heating and windshield wiper; Nodpfot Suqxsx Akqjcr LED work lights at the front; LED work lights at the rear; rear safety light; Comfort seat with lumbar support and seat heating; Double pedal control; Trailer coupling Lifting height 3,840 mm This Linde E16 electric forklift truck was built in 2017, has 13,747 original operating hours according to the meter and is in a well-kept overall condition with the usual signs of use and wear of this equipment class, ready for immediate use! Sold as a used machine excluding return, guarantee and warranty. Net price 10.900,-€ // Gross price 12.971,-€ - Inspection / test ride possible - Shipping can be organized nationwide, the costs depend on the distance - Our leasing partner will be happy to provide you with an attractive leasing / financing offer!

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: H2X386F11206, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 4,028 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,900 mm, free lift: 1,800 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,160 mm, fork length: 1,600 mm, empty load weight: 3,379 kg, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift truck Fahrgestellnummer: H2X386F11206 Mast type: Triplex Condition: Reconditioned without warranty Technical condition: good Nedpfxouhxgze Akqjcr Description: Linde E 16 P No.: R0149 Year of construction: 2015 Operating hours: 4,028 The device is visually and technically in good condition. Charger on request Errors and prior sale reserved. If you have not found your truck, please contact us. We have a large selection of other devices on site. Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work lights, front work lights, roof cover, half-cab,

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: H2X386E53681, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 11,248 h, Service + UVV valid until 02/2027 2,000kg 3rd & 4th valve Triplex 647cm electric forklift Battery 22/2017 No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Ncsdpfxeyzf Ice Akqor TECHNICAL DETAILS Load capacity: 2,000 kg Lift height: 6,470 mm Overall height: 2,800 mm Fork length: 1,200 mm Free lift: 1,500 mm MACHINE DETAILS Mast type: Triplex Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W): 3,300 x 1,150 mm Weight: 4,000 kg Battery: 48 V 775 Ah, excellent performance measured at 50.0V Operating hours: 11,248 h EQUIPMENT Ex-Linde full service unit Service valid until 02/2027 UVV certificate valid until 02/2027 3rd valve with sideshift 4th valve for fork positioner All measurements are rounded. No liability assumed for typographical or measurement errors. COLLECTION CONDITIONS Side loading up to 5 t possible with large forklift on site at buyer’s own risk. Collection ONLY with email confirmation of payment! Collection WITHOUT prior appointment from Monday to Friday, 7:00–16:30. A mast that is too high for transport can be dismantled on request. If collection is not made on time, a storage fee of €20 per machine per day will be charged (payment must be received before collection).

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: H2X394V02886, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 15,499 h, load capacity: 5,000 kg, lifting height: 3,700 mm, free lift: 150 mm, fuel type: gas, DGUV certified until: 02/2027, fork length: 2,400 mm, Equipment: UVV, Service + UVV 02/2027 5,000 kg 3rd & 4th Valve Fork Positioner Forklift LPG Forklift No reserve price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Njdpfxoyzf Ame Akqocr Load capacity: 5,000 kg Lift height: 3,700 mm Overall height: 2,870 mm Fork length: 2,400 mm Free lift: 150 mm MACHINE DETAILS Mast type: Freisicht (Clear View) Drive type: LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W): 5,500 x 1,450 mm Weight: 7,500 kg Operating hours: 15,499 h EQUIPMENT • Ex-Linde full-service machine • Next service due in 858 operating hours • Safety inspection (UVV) valid until 02/2027 • Facelift model with tilt angle display (practical for sensitive goods) • 3rd & 4th hydraulic valve • Fork positioner with sideshift • Full cabin with heater and windscreen wiper • Comfort seat with lumbar support and seat heating • LED work lights front and rear • Blue safety light at rear Note: Dismantling of the mast can be optionally offered by the seller for €950 net. All dimensions are approximate. No liability is assumed for typographical or measurement errors. COLLECTION CONDITIONS Loading from the side up to 5 tons is possible with a large forklift on site at your own risk. Collection ONLY with an email confirming payment receipt! Collection WITHOUT prior appointment possible Monday to Friday, 7:00 am – 4:30 pm. A mast that is too high for transport can be dismantled on request. In the event of delayed collection, a storage fee of €20 per machine per day will be charged (payment required before collection).

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: H2X386V00612, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 13,018 h, load capacity: 1,400 kg, lifting height: 3,145 mm, free lift: 1,519 mm, DGUV certified until: 02/2027, fork length: 1,200 mm, Equipment: UVV, Service + UVV until 02/2027 LI-ION Lithium 1,400kg Duplex Free lift Electric Forklift Truck Nedpfx Aksyzfzpoqjcr No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Load capacity: 1,400 kg Lift height: 3,145 mm Overall height: 2,150 mm Fork length: 1,200 mm Free lift: 1,519 mm MACHINE DETAILS Mast type: Duplex Drive type: Electric Dimensions (L x W): 3,000 x 1,100 mm Weight: 3,200 kg Battery: 10/01/2019 48V 268Ah, very good performance – measured at 52.3V Operating hours: 13,018 h EQUIPMENT • Former Linde full-service unit • Service valid until 02/2027 • UVV valid until 02/2027 • Facelift model with tilt angle display (very useful when handling sensitive goods) • Duplex mast with full free lift • 3rd hydraulic valve • Side shifter • Load backrest (can be easily removed) • Lateral fall protection (can be easily removed) • LED work light front • LED work light rear • Safety light rear • Comfort seat All dimensions are approximate. Errors in specifications and measurements are excepted. COLLECTION CONDITIONS Side loading up to 5 tons possible on-site with a large forklift at your own risk. Collection ONLY with email payment confirmation! Collection WITHOUT prior appointment Monday to Friday 7:00–16:30. If the mast is too high for transport, it can be dismantled on request. In case of non-collection within the specified period, a storage fee of €20 per machine per day will be charged (payment must be made prior to collection).