Used Fitting And Line Boring Machine for sale (74,272)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, table load: 10,000 kg, spindle diameter: 130 mm, spindle speed (min.): 4 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 800 rpm, total height: 3,800 mm, total length: 7,030 mm, total width: 4,665 mm, table length: 1,800 mm, table width: 1,600 mm, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, MTP TPX6113-2 HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINE Gkodjy Eyg Uopfx Af Aoa Horizontal Boring Machine TPX6113/2 – Precision and Power for Heavy Machining The TPX6113/2 horizontal boring machine is a robust and efficient solution designed for precise machining of large and heavy workpieces. Thanks to its rigid construction and high technical performance, it is ideally suited for use in the mechanical, energy, and steel structure industries. The machine is equipped with a Ø130 mm spindle, ensuring high stability and enabling demanding machining operations. A powerful 15 kW main motor and high torque guarantee efficient performance even under heavy loads. The large worktable (1800 × 1600 mm) with a maximum load capacity of 10,000 kg allows machining of heavy components without compromise. The full table rotation (B axis – 360°) increases flexibility and enables multi-side machining without repositioning the workpiece. Technical Specifications: Spindle diameter: Ø130 mm Max spindle torque: 3136 Nm Max spindle feed force: 31,360 N Number of spindle speeds: 24 Spindle speed range: 4–800 rpm Main motor power: 15 kW Max facing head torque: 4900 Nm Facing head diameter: 750 mm Facing head speed range: 2.5–125 rpm Number of facing head speeds: 18 Table size: 1800 × 1600 mm Max table load: 10,000 kg T-slots: 28 mm × 10 Axis travels (X/Y/Z/W/U): 2000 / 1800 / 2000 / 900 / 250 mm Table rotation (B axis): 360° Rapid feed (X/Y/Z/W): 2500 mm/min Feed per spindle revolution (X/Y/Z/U): 0.05–8 / 0.01–2 mm/rev Measurement system accuracy (X/Y/Z): 0.005 mm (Z optional) Measurement system accuracy (B axis): 0.001 mm (optional) Dimensions: 7030 × 4665 × 3800 mm Machine weight: 29,300 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1978, travel distance X-axis: 8,300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, Floor boring machine WMW Union BFP 130/5 X-axis: 8300mm Y-axis: 2500mm Z-axis: 500mm W-axis: 900mm Spindle diameter: 130mm Spindle taper: ISO 50 Gkedpfx Aozt Iqbef Asa Rotary table: 2000x1800 2 x floor plates: 3500x1750 Year of manufacture: 1978 Milling head Tailstock DRO Heidenhain Spindle stabilizer Boring bar Many accessories ✅ Excellent working condition Total weight: 53 tones

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1979, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Ob 21882, travel distance X-axis: 15,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 5,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,915 mm, spindle speed (max.): 700 rpm, total width: 6,400 mm, total length: 19,300 mm, total height: 10,370 mm, feed length W-axis: 3,000 mm, spindle diameter: 250 mm, table height: 400 mm, table length: 8,000 mm, table width: 5,665 mm, overall weight: 137,000 kg, year of last overhaul: 2006, grinding spindle motor power: 83,000 W, type of input current: three-phase, We offer for sale a Škoda W250H floor boring machine. This machine is designed for machining heavy and large-sized components for the energy, shipbuilding, metallurgical, mining, and machine production industries. The machine is equipped with a Siemens Sinumerik 840D control system, enabling the execution of demanding boring, drilling, and milling operations. Complete technical documentation is available. Upon request, we can provide additional photos, videos, and information regarding the machine's equipment and technical condition. Standard equipment: Tool and measuring instrument storage rack, mounted on the spindle box. Optional equipment: Cooling system with coolant Rotary table 4000x3550 3 x angular heads Gedpfx Afozrwq Ij Ajka

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 8,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, feed rate X-axis: 20 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 20 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10 m/min, feed length W-axis: 800 mm, spindle diameter: 150 mm, table load: 20,000 kg, workpiece weight (max.): 20,000 kg, Travel X-axis – Longitudinal column: 8,000 mm Y-axis – Vertical: 2,500 mm Z-axis – Ram extension: 1,000 mm W-axis – Spindle extension: 800 mm Headstock Spindle diameter: 150 mm Revolutions: 2,500 rpm Power: 40 kW Ram section: 460x520 mm Rapid traverse X and Y axes: 20 m/min Z-axis: 10 m/min MG 20 rotary table Table dimensions: 1,600x2,000 mm Longitudinal movement, travel: 1,500 mm Gjdpfx Aozqlgzsf Aeka Maximum centered load capacity: 20 tons Accessories Automatic indexing headstock 1ºx1º (Power 37 kW) Heidenhain measuring scales on all axes Operator platform Chip conveyor Floor plates (2 units)

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, Complete Kempner automatic L-sealing, shrink wrapping and labelling system, manufactured in 2024 and in excellent working condition. This system comprises of the following machines: 1 x Kempner automatic L-sealer. Model - ZF-A6345-T. Serial number - 13677. Sealing bars - 560mm x 380mm. Electrical requirements - 220 V / 50 hz / 1 phase. Power - 2.5 kW. 1 x Kempner shrink heat tunnel (electric). Model - ZF-S550. Serial number - 22097. Electrical requirements - 380 V / 50 hz / 3 phase. Power - 12 kW / 27 Amps. 1 x Kempner automatic easy tear label applicator. Model - ZD-L1. Serial number - KL-24022-4. Electrical requirements - 220 V / 50 hz / 1 phase. Power - 2 kW. This system was previously used to pack donuts and was in production for approximately 9 months in total. Gkodpfxjyrup As Af Aja Manufacturer - Kempner.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, CNC Table Type Boring and Milling Machine - Horizontal | Brand: UNION Type: BFT 105 | Year of construction: 1990 Machining operations: Boring, reaming, deep boring, precision boring, reaming, countersinking, tapping, milling, circular milling, thread milling. The machine can be inspected under power by prior appointment. Condition: Very well-maintained, second-hand / operating condition. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: - Travels: - X-axis (table transverse movement): 1.750 mm - Y-axis (headstock vertical movement): 1.250 mm - Z-axis (table longitudinal movement): 1.175 mm - B-axis (table positioning): 360° - W-axis (boring spindle axial adjustment): 450 mm Clamping table: - Clamping surface: 1.250 x 1.400 mm - Maximum workpiece weight with centric clamping: 4 tons - T-slot spacing: 125 mm - T-slot width: 22H7 mm - Centring bore: 250 mm Boring spindle: - Diameter: 105 mm - Axial adjustment: NC-controlled - Tool holder: * with tapered shank: A 50 TGL 7837 * with steep taper: A 50 DIN 2080 * with clamping bolts: UNION 95-2805 (A 50 TGL 42620) DIN 69872-28 Speed ranges: - 3 continuously variable ranges: 4 – 2.500 rpm - Drive power: 23,7 kW - Max. spindle torque: 2.500 Nm Feed rates: Continuously variable feed range - X, Y, Z axes: 1 – 5.000 mm/min - Rapid traverse, X, Y, Z-axes: 10.000 mm/min W-axis: 5.000 mm/min B-axis: 3,2 rpm - Max. feed force: X and Y-axes: 16.000 N Z-axis: 25.000 N Specifications: - Total connected load: 50 kW/130 A - Voltage/frequency: 380 V/50 Hz - Machine weight (approx.): 17 tons - Dimensions: 6.560 x 4.370 x 3.450 mm EQUIPMENT: - 5-axis path control: Heidenhain TNC 355 - Swivelling control panel with central control station - Electronic handwheel - Other comprehensive ranges of accessories, such as tool holders, drill bits, milling cutters, and tool trolleys and cabinets ... - Comprehensive documentation available (foundation plan, circuit diagrams, hydraulic documentation, operating instructions and spare parts lists, programming lists) Gsdpszlal Isfx Af Aska No guarantee is given for the completeness and accuracy of the technical information and equipment. - Subject to prior sale -

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 1,500 mm, total width: 1,700 mm, overall weight: 1,550 kg, The machine comes from a training workshop and has hardly ever been used. Condition: Like new. Gjdpfjzq Hzyjx Af Aska

Condition: used, Second-hand machine Features and technical specifications: - double-sided in-line drilling machine - 2 drilling motors, 1.8 kW each, with oil brake cylinders - Stroke: max. 130 mm - with pneumatic changeover valve - 21 spindles, spindle pitch 32 mm - Drilling spacing: max. 640 mm (by moving the workpiece max. 2656 mm) - Gantry clearance 850 mm - Air consumption at 5 atü: approx. 11 l per cycle Godpfozk Nrbsx Af Aska - Extraction connection 160 mm Dimensions: approx. 3100 x 1100 x 1800 mm Weight: approx. 350 kg Availability: at short notice Storage location: 63934 Röllbach

Condition: used, Used dowel drilling machine, Scheer DB 12 3 drilling spindles, pitch 32 mm Maximum drilling depth: 45 mm with a drill length of 80 mm Gksdpfx Aszpv Rzsf Aoa Maximum drilling depth: 70 mm with a drill length of 105 mm Operation: foot pedal Number of material clamps: 1 Type of material clamping: pneumatic Table size: 400x250 mm Weight: approx. 130 kg Dimensions: approx. 1350x650x950 mm Motor power: 1.1 kW

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10604 Manufacturer: UNION Type: TC 110 Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: SINUMERIK 840 D Powerline Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany X-Travel: 2000 mm Y-Travel: 1250 mm Z-Travel: 1000 mm W-Axis: 550 mm Table Height: 1050 mm Spindle Diameter: 110 mm Table Dimensions (Lengthxwidth): 1600 x 1250 mm Number of T-slots: 10 Max. Workpiece Weight: 6000 kg Clamping Area: 1250 mm Gkjdpfjzkpv Hex Af Aja T - groove width: 22 mm T - slot spacing: 125 mm Tool Taper: ISO 50 Max. Torque: 1639 Nm Feed Speeds X/Y/Z Axis: 6000 mm / min Rapid Traverse X-Axis: 15000 m / min Rapid Travel Y-Axis: 15000 m / min Rapid Traverse Z-Axis: 15000 m / min Feed Capacities X/Y/Z: 16000 x 16000 x 20000 N swivel angle: 360 ° Further information: Includes angle head 0,001° The machine can be viewed under power.

Condition: used, Fälzelgerät - Back Lining Machine MATADOR 11b Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock Available Immediately - Can be inspect Gjdeh Axzzepfx Af Aoka On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test

Condition: used, Fälzelgerät - Back Lining Machine Maior BLM Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock Gedpfsh Axz Tjx Af Aoka Available Immediately - Can be inspect On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test

Condition: used, Fälzelgerät / Back Lining Machine Schmedt  Fälzelgerät Gkjdstzc I Dspfx Af Aea Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock Available Immediately - Can be inspect On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test

Year of construction: 1985, condition: used, spindle diameter 110 mm x-travel 900 mm y-travel 600 mm z-axis 200 mm table length 1020 mm table width 860 mm taper MK 40 Table size, approx. 1,020 x 860 mm Max. weight of workpiece 800 kg Table travel, longitudinal, max. (X) 900 mm Boring head travel, cross, max. (Y) 600 mm Boring spindle stroke (Z) 200 mm Vertical travel of cross beam (W) 635 mm Vertical distance between table and boring spindle 15 - 850 mm Distance between columns 950 mm Spindle Ø 110 mm Spindle taper internal/external ISO 40 Gjdpfxjt Hwyxe Af Ajka 18 spindle speeds 10 - 2,500 rpm Milling feeds of table, infinitely variable 1 - 6,000 mm/min 4 milling feeds of boring head 30 - 180 mm/min 6 boring feeds 0.01 - 0.39 rpm Accuracy of all 3 axes when the machine was new 0.003 mm Quick feeds for table, boring head slide, and boring spindle, max. 6,000 mm/min Spindle drive 6.2 kW Weight, approx. 9,000 kg Total electrical load 15 kW - 380 V - 50 Hz Accessories / Special Features - BOSCH CNC Control, Model MICRO 8, in 3 axes, with monitor. Program input is either manual or via cassette, or via interface entry. - Digital display for Z Axis. - Separate switch cabinet. - Various tools. - Oil cooler for spindle lubrication.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1965, x-travel 1000 mm y-travel 600 mm Godewqrw Nspfx Af Aska total power requirement 2,5 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1965, core drilling diameter max. 50 mm bore depth 2000 mm swing diameter mm drilling capacity diameter max. 110 mm total power requirement 30 kW weight of the machine ca. 10 t Drilling Ø, approx. 2 - 50 mm Boring Ø, approx. 100 mm Drilling depth, max. (see stroke / mounting length) 1,600 - 2,000 mm Stroke of drilling slide, approx. 4,000 mm Distance between the two spindle heads 5,000 mm Height of centres above guideways 350 / 450 mm Gsdpfx Afjt Hwucs Aoka Drilling feed of drilling slide, infinitely variable 20 - 200 mm/min Quick feed of drilling slide 2,500 mm/min Spindle speeds via belt disks 260 - 650 / 650 - 1,625 rpm Workspindle drive 24 kW Drive of coolant pumps 1 x 7.5/15 kW and 1 x 15/28 kW Total electrical load, approx. 60 kW - 380 V - 50 Hz Total length of machine / guideways 7,500 / 5,000 mm Weight, approx. 10,000 kg Accessories / Special Features * Machine consists of the following elements: Main spindle on the left-hand side, followed by the coolant oil supply device. Table group, driven by ball screw spindle. Coolant oil supply device with elevated height of centres. At the end is a headstock, Type B 16, with drive motor approx. 7.5 kW, n = 900/2400 and 2400/6000. Large coolant device with filter unit. Large selection of accessories and drilling tools with Ø up to 100 mm. * Machine is suitable for working with a rotating workpiece together with a fixed drilling tool (ELB and BTA Process), as well as for a fixed workpiece and a rotating drilling tool. It can work with internal oil feed (Elb) or with external oil feed (BTA). * Complete oil coolant unit with tank and filter and two SIG high pressure pumps. Number of litres can be set: 17 / 40 / 120 or 220 / 500 litres per minute. Capacity approx. 2,500 l. * Feed of main slide is via ball screw spindle and infinitely variable DC motor. Mounted on the main slide is at present a table, approx. 800 x 800 mm, cross-adjustable approx. 500 mm, and suitable for holding cubic and cylindrical workpieces. Electric control via cam rail, approx. 2,500 mm long. End switch for quick feed, feed and return. * 2 closed 3-point steady rests. * FORKHARDT 3-Jaw Chuck, manually operated, Ø approx. 315 mm. * Modernized control panel with speed display, feed setting and display, display for kW, switch for feed, quick feed, right/left, etc. * 2 separate switch cabinets, separate coolant oil display device, bushes, reducers, clamping helps and lots of other accessories. This is a very valuable machine because of all the accessories!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1985, core drilling diameter max. 18 mm bore depth 320 mm swing diameter mm total power requirement 33 kW weight of the machine ca. 6 t Gkedet Hwvajpfx Af Aea dimensions of the machine ca. m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, cycle time 0 sec total power requirement 2,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 1 t dimensions of the machine ca. m P O S A L U X (Switzerland) Horizontal 3-Spindle Fine Boring Machines Model MICROFOR PNC 3 Year 1984 Serial Nos. 6.8230/9 Boring Æ 0.15 - 2 mm Spindle stroke 0 - 18 mm Working stroke, max. 0 - 12 mm Quick feed 60 mm/sec Boring feed 0 - 5 mm/sec Godpot Hwvgjfx Af Aeka Spindle speeds 3,500 - 11,500 rpm Distance between spindles, vertical, approx. 80 mm Table speeds (for deburring) approx. 100 rpm Table Æ, approx. 100 mm Table bore, approx. 70 mm Table slide swivelling device, approx. 60 °/sec Swivelling range 0 - 100 ° Total drive, approx. 2.5 kW Weight 1,000 kg Accessories / Special Features Serial No. 6.8230/9 Machine is equipped with a modern POSALUX SELECTRON Control with keyboard and LED for direct programming on the machine (in principle the same as with a punchboard control). With setting microscope and machine lamp.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, core drilling diameter max. 25 mm bore depth 1000 mm swing diameter mm total power requirement 25 kW weight of the machine ca. 12,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. m T B T (Germany) CNC-Controlled Horizontal Deep Hole Drilling " Centre " Model BWP 250 Year 1996, but reconditioned mechanically and electrically in 2006 _____ Working range: X Axis, machine column cross 2,000 mm Z Axis, drilling slide horizontal 1,200 mm Drilling depth 1.000 mm Y Axis, drilling slide vertical 1,100 mm Table clamping area 1,200 x 2,000 mm Drilling capacity in solid material, approx. 4 - 25 mm Tool holder taper HSK 50 Spindle speeds 1.260 - 15,000 rpm Feed rates / quickfeed, XYZ, infinitely variable 100 - 10,000/15.000 mm/min. Force rate of feed motors 27 Nm / 1.000 daN Spindle drive steplessly adjustable 7 kW Gedpfx Afet Hw Aye Aoka Total electrical load, approx. 30 kW - 400 V - 50 Hz Weight, approx. 10,000 kg Accessories / Special Features: " Ideal machine for the complete processing of large workpieces like tool a. dies (cooling holes) mould- and dieplates, hydraulicparts etc. by means of deep hole drilling up to 25 x 1.000 mm, face milling up to Ø 60 mm, spiral twist drilling, counterboring and threading up to M 24 x 3 mm. " SIEMENS Continuous Path Control in 4 axes Model 840 D, with process monitoring for coolant pressure, operation data control function, toollife, feed force,Error diagnostics and easy dialogueprogramming directly on the panel, etc. " High Frequency Spindle Make GAMFIOR with stepless speeds " Hydraulically movable drill bush carrier, swivels 90° for holding gun drills (ELB) or picking up regular tools from the tool changer like twist drills, milling tools, taps, etc. " With automatic tool changer made by MIKSCH, Model CTM 40, using a 12-position tool changer, which is mounted on the r.h.side of machine housing, in fixed position, only moving forward and backward for tool changing operation. " Built-on indexing table as B-Axis made by FIBRO Model RTN 400 = 420 x 420 mm, " Extra Rotary Table made by FIBRO with Ø 1.000mm, for indexing 3-144 positions " Built-in coolant device with chip conveyor and various filters. " 2 steady rests. " Completely covered working area with access at the front and at the side. Condition : Very good condition. This is a rare and valuable machine. Under Power Delivery : immediately ex our Stock Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1978, spindle diameter 105 mm x-travel 1250 mm y-travel 1000 mm z-travel 600 mm table length 1100 mm table width 900 mm tool adaptor 50 ISO / MK total power requirement kW weight of the machine ca. t Gedpfxot Hwtxo Af Aeka CNC Table Borer, Reconditioned 2002, BOSCH CC 300

Condition: used, x-travel 600 mm y-travel 400 mm z-travel 500 mm total power requirement 6 kW Gjdpfxjwqrxme Af Aoka

Condition: ready for operation (used), travel distance X-axis: 7,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 4,500 mm, SKODA WD 160 A BORING MACHINE Spindle diameter: 160 mm X-axis travel: 7,000 mm Y-axis travel: 4,500 mm Z-axis travel: 1,200 mm B-axis travel (table): 360° W-axis travel (ram): 1,250 mm Gkjdpjzb H N Tjfx Af Aoa Rotary table: 2,000 x 2,000 mm - Maximum weight: 20 t - Longitudinal travel: 1,250 mm CNC: Fagor 8055 Electronic handwheel Spindle speed: 275 - 2,570 RPM Tool: ISO 50 2 x 90° square Universal and 90° head

Condition: new, Bore diameter variabel mm Number of heads horizontal 1 St. Number of heads vertical 0 St. Götzinger drill, dowel gluing and insertion machine BLE With the BLE, the workpieces are glued and dowelled on the front. Optional the BLE can be upgraded with a drilling unit, counter milling unit and longitudinal stop will. A 10" touch panel allows easy operation for manual or online operation. Base frame: in a compact design, covered with sheet metal Table support approx. 800 x 200 mm position 1 ----- 1 glue station full jet valve Glue quantity precisely adjustable Glue gun for counter hole gluing position 2 ----- 1 stainless steel glue pump, high-pressure pump and glue hose item 3 ----- 1 press-in station with dowel separation and press-in cylinder item 4 ----- 1 oscillating conveyor for dowels d 8 x 60 mm with feed hose into the injection unit item 5 ----- 1 processing unit with cross table, linear guide and 3NC axis motors X = 200 mm processing width Y = 120 mm processing height Z = 50 mm offset item 6 ----- 1 positioning controller Touch panel 10" color 500 drilling patterns can be created and saved, which can be easily accessed when needed (1 drilling pattern can have up to 16 dowel positions) Software prepared for ONLINE connection With online control, the data for the control must be provided by the software be prepared. Our machine can then read and process this data. ----- Total price in this version Pos. 1 to Pos. 6: on request! Options with additional prices: ----- Godpou Uu Uzjfx Af Aeka item 7 ----- 1 horizontal drilling unit, 1,000 W drilling motor Speed ??4,000 - 8,000 rpm, collet holder Pneumatic drill feed Surcharge: EUR 4,565.00 Additional accessories such as a larger touch screen, additional dowel station for additional dowel sizes or scanner for Program selection on request! Prices net plus statutory VAT, without packaging/shipping and without Installation. ----- (technical data according to the manufacturer - without guarantee!)

Condition: excellent (used), Numerical Control Type NC 400 Through-feed motorized conveyoring belts (No.) 2 Horizontal units/supports (No.) 2 Drilling heads for each horizontal unit (No.) 2 Splindles for each horizontal drilling head (No.) 10 Max. working width (mm) 3200 - Min. working width (mm) 205 (ca.) Bottom vertical units/supports (No.) 4 Drilling heads/blocks for each bottom vertical unit (No.) 2 Vertical top pressure clamps (No.) 2 Digital quota (axes) display Total installed power (Kw) 23.7 Gkjdozk Euljpfx Af Aja The CNC controls the movement (X axe) of the mobile horizontal unit The CNC controls the movement (Y axe) of the stops

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, Automatic knotting machine, year 1995, in excellent condition. The Interholz Raimann A 10 is an automatic knotting machine for wood (a knot removal machine) used for precisely cutting out defective knots and filling the resulting voids with wooden inserts (patches). Detailed historical and technical information can be found in the Wood Tec Pedia database by Höchsmann, and documentation and diagrams can be found in the Mar-masz online store. Gksdpfx Afezphg Uo Aja Main technical data: Purpose: Cutting out knots and gluing in repair dowels in solid wood. Dimensions of the work table: Approx. 640 x 470 mm. Drill/knotter diameter: Standard range of 25–35 mm (depending on the installed accessories). Power supply: 380V (three-phase). Application in production: Furniture and flooring: Allows for aesthetically pleasing repair of visible wooden elements. Raw material recovery: Increases the value of the material by removing defects instead of rejecting the entire piece.