Used Laser Marking Workstation for sale (6,831)

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, The universal laser marking system LAS 28 from Systemtechnik Hölzer GmbH can be used for a very wide range of marking applications. With the integrated fiber laser you can mark almost all materials such as steel, carbide, aluminum and plastics. Depending on the requirements, the system can be equipped with a 20, 30 or 50 watt fiber laser. For permanent marking, the use of the laser is necessary in many industries. With the powerful laser software, texts, numbers, 2D codes, QR codes and logos can be realized with just a few clicks without extensive programming knowledge. Serial and article numbers are automatically incremented by the software after prior setting. In addition, the software can read data (variable information such as drawing numbers, project designations, etc.) from existing tables and automatically transfer them to predefined areas. The use of a hand scanner is also possible. The standard equipment includes a laptop incl. holder with Windows operating system. Optionally, the laser model LAS 28 can be equipped with a rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) for marking cylindrical parts. Further options, such as lateral extensions for marking long parts, can be realized. Made in Germany - Fiber laser 20W (Optional: 30W, 50W) - Wavelength 1064nm - marking field size 150x150mm (optional: 200x200) - optional: rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) - optional: digital height measuring system - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - optional: Autofocus system - signal light for indication of operating status - marking software EZCAD (optional additional laser software) - Pilot laser (simple preview, contour preview) - focus finder (simple focus adjustment) - max. part height approx. 270mm - electrically adjustable Z-axis (adjustment of working plane) - frame made of aluminum profile - connection 230V - air cooled Gjdpfx Asv Sybyjg Tobg - Laptop with Windows operating system - dimensions: 800x 600 x 1660mm (LxWxH) - weight: approx. 80 Kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, machine/vehicle number: BN120XT-HA-X, JEWELliner "CUT" 120W model series "PremiumPlus" Cutting & Marking in very short working time. - Developed and produced in Germany - Other models, laser power and options on request. Engraving Laser (fiber technology) with security housing „LASER CLASS 1“. Compact designed, all components are in the housing and will be air cooled. Gsdpfjf Ul Uiox Ag Tobg Maintenance free! Our engraving laser JEWELliner "CUT" is very usefull to cut precious metals and soft metals till max. thickness of 2.5mm. Thicker metals are possible, please contact us for more informations. More materials to cut or engrave like all metals, ceramic and some plastics, are possible. Applications can found in the jewellery ans also in other production areas. The machine dimension is very compact to integrade simple into a production area. Samples to cut: gold, silver, brass, carbon, aluminium Samples of material to mark: steel, stainless steel, gold, silver, titan, aluminium, brass, copper, brounce, carbon, ceramic, makrolon Possibilities of application: - graphic engraving (logo, draw, handdraws, signatures) - serial numbers - barcode, datamatrix, QR-code - ring inside (f.e. name, date, symbol, handwrite) optional - ring outside (f.e. name, endless graphic, endless pattern) optional - bangles inside/outside - optional - text (text straight, circled text, bowed text, text symbols) - handwrite - finger print - photo engraving (photos, pictures) - micro engraving (micro text till 0.15mm character high) - round engraving (engraving on round or bowed surfaces) optional The main parts of JEWELliner "CUT" ( BN120XT-HA-X ) : - fiber laser unit with scan head and focus pointer - security housing „Laser Class 1“ with 280x200mm security glass - electrical automatic door opening - emergency button - 180° view area to the marking field - electrical z-axis for automatic focus positioning - configured engraving software Specification: - laser technology: fiber laser - outputpower CW: 120W - available frequency: 2.1 - 6300kHz MOPA - connection type data: USB 2.0 - wave length: 1064nm - lens (delivery): F-Theta 163 - marking field size: 110 x 110 mm – bigger or smaller possible - focus range: ca. 2 mm - min character high: 0.3 mm - min. line width: 0.023 mm - cooling: air cooled - maintenance: no service necessary - power: AC 110V / 240V – 50/60Hz – short cut save - dimension: L850 x W660 x H680 mm - weight: ca. 80kg The engraving laser is after the delivery immediately ready to use. In this way, the machine can be integrated in the production very fast. The machines can be inspected and tested by appointment. Pictures can be different!

Year of construction: 2007, condition: excellent (used), We offer a complete Laser marking machine: - DOMINO DSL1 laser - Cabin according to protection class 1 - axis for rotation - conveyor belt - computer the tipe of laser: DOMINO DSL1 10-60 Laser power: 10 W. Lasertype: closed CO2 laser, 30000 hours medium failure-free time Characters per second: 400 (depending on the product material and system configuration) character height: 0,5 - 120 mm (0,02 - 119,89 mm) focal length: 100 mm (208 mm optional) labeling field: 60 x 60 mm Font: Pseudo-True Type Gbjdpfx Aged N Hgus Teg laser head: construction made of stainless steel and aluminum operating temperatur: 15 - 38 C cooling: air Dynamark-Software The following materials can be marked by a CO2 laser: - Painted or coated metals - Glass - ceramics - Carton - Different types of plastic

Condition: excellent (used), FOBA Laser FOBALAS 100 CW/QS - Nd:YAG 1.064 Laser marking device Gbodpfx Agjlq Dkpe Tjg

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, Glorystar Laser ALL NEW Laser Marking Machine | GM | 3-100W To meet various material and precision requirements for laser marking, we offer three options of laser marking machines for you to choose from. They are Fiber Laser Marking Machine, CO2 Laser Marking Machine, and UV Laser Marking Machine.? Laser Type: Fiber Laser Power:20-100W Optional Max. Marking Speed:7000mm/s Marking Range:50m×50mm-300mm×300mm Gbjdpeuc S Iuofx Ag Tog Min.Line Width:0.03mm Min.Character Size:0.3mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:740mm×1150mm×1500mm Laser Type:CO2 Laser Power:15-55W Optional Max. Marking Speed:5000mm/s Marking Range:30m×30mm-200mm×200mm Min.Line Width:0.1mm Min.Character Size:0.6mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:740mm×1150mm×1500mm Laser Type:UV Laser Power:3-15W Optional Max. Marking Speed:7000mm/s Marking Range:100mm×100mm-300mm×300mm Min.Line Width:0.012mm Min.Character Size:0.15mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:1150mm×1190mm×1600mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: JEWELliner "XS" PRO Modell "Premium", type of input current: AC, laser power: 30 W, total width: 400 mm, total height: 500 mm, total length: 600 mm, overall weight: 55 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, height adjustment type: electric, door opening width: 400 mm, door opening height: 200 mm, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, Developed, produced and checked in Germany. JEWELliner "XS-PRO" model series "Premium" with 30W CW laser power include camera - electric lift door - auto-focus - compact machine dimension Gbjdpfoppxmkex Ag Tog - Developed and produced in Germany - Other models, laser power and options on request. Engraving Laser (fiber technology) with security housing „LASER CLASS 1“. Compact designed, all components are in the housing and will be air cooled. Maintenance free! Materials: metals, ceramic and some plastics. Applications can found in the jewellery ans also in other production areas. machine dimension: L60xW40H50cm, to integrade simple into a production area. Samples of material: steel, stainless steel, gold, silver, titan, aluminium, brass, copper, brounce, carbon, ceramic, makrolon Possibilities of application: - graphic engraving (logo, draw, handdraws, signatures) - serial numbers - barcode, datamatrix, QR-code - ring inside (f.e. name, date, symbol, handwrite) optional - ring outside (f.e. name, endless graphic, endless pattern) optional - bangles inside/outside - optional - text (text straight, circled text, bowed text, text symbols) - handwrite - finger print - photo engraving (photos, pictures) - micro engraving (micro text till 0.25mm character high) - round engraving (engraving on round or bowed surfaces) optional main parts of JEWELliner "XS" PRO Modell "Premium" : - fiber laser unit with scan head and focus pointer - security housing „Laser Class 1“ with 200x140mm security glass - manual door opening - emergency button - 180° view area to the marking field - electrical z-axis for focus positioning - rotary axis with removable jewelry jaw chuck - configured engraving software - high resolution industrial camera USB 3.1 Specification: - laser technology: fiber laser - outputpower CW: 30W - available frequency: 1.8 - 2000kHz - connection type data: USB 2.0 - wave length: 1064nm - lens (delivery): F-Theta 163 - marking field size: 110 x 110 mm – smaller possible - focus range: ca. 1.7 mm - min character high: 0.25 mm - min. line width: 0.023 mm - cooling: air cooled - maintenance: no service necessary - power: AC 110V / 240V – 50/60Hz – short cut save - dimension: L600 x W400 x H500 mm - weight: 55kg The engraving laser is after the delivery immediately ready to use. In this way, the machine can be integrated in the production very fast. The machines can be inspected and tested by appointment. Pictures can be different!

Condition: used, Osai YAG laser Marking laser GIOTTO Laser neomark 400 500W Gbodpfx Ageh Dh Rzj Tsg - Laser was completely rebuilt - Motor of beamexpander renewed - All hoses for cooling new

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, This 3-axis Baublys Control Laser UL 65QR/NC 100 50 50 SOMA was manufactured in 2008. It features a Q-switched solid-state Nd:YAG laser, capable of reaching frequencies up to 50 kHz. The machine includes a round transfer table of approximately 75 cm and is housed in a 2.4 x 2.6 meters enclosure. If you are looking to get high-quality laser marking capabilities consider the Baublys Control Laser UL 65QR/NC 100 50 50 SOMA machine we have for tact us for more information. Application Types Other Sheet Metal Machinery Gbjdpfx Agjx Sz Efo Tog

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge. With the powerful laser software, texts, numbers, 2D codes, QR codes and logos can be realized with just a few clicks and without extensive programming knowledge. Serial and item numbers are automatically incremented by the software after prior setting. In addition, the software can read data (variable information such as drawing numbers, project designations, etc.) from existing tables and automatically transfer them to predefined areas. The use of a handheld scanner is also possible. The standard equipment includes a laptop with Windows operating system and laser software. Optionally, the laser model LAS 22 can be equipped with a rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) for marking cylindrical parts. - Fiber laser 30 Watt (Optional: 20 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis Gbsdpjwkpxkofx Ag Tog - Electric door with pinch protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 7,166 h, condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, TruMark Station 5000, with roll-off device for diameter marking, as good as new, hardly used. Table size 680x700 mm Working height 1050 mm Control TRU TOPS Mark Max. tool height 500mm max. workpiece weight 50 kg Space requirement approx. 1.8 x 1.4 x 2.0 m Weight 580 kg Connected load 1,8 kW TruMark Station 5000 Gbjdpefxq Dusfx Ag Tsg X Y axis Protection filter 200x100 mm Laser TruMark 5040 with ytterbium fiber laser as laser beam source 1062mm +-3 mm Control computer with Windwos 7 Pilot laser TruMark Series 5000 Vavigator

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 960x900x1460 mm Weight 100 kg Gsdpfx Ajvz Hm Uog Tebg Total power requirement 2 kw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, Keyence MD-X1500 C 3-axis hybrid marking laser Gjdpfsx H Ua Ejx Ag Tjbg Please refer to the image for the current laser power: 25.98W Controller operating time: 4,515 h Marking area: 125 x 125 x 42 mm Marking resolution: 2 µm Character size: 0.1 to 125 mm Optionally, the Teka (Airfilter Mini) extraction unit can also be purchased.

Condition: excellent (used), Here we offer you a 3DMICROMAC laser marking system microCUT Enclosure Laser source IPG Raylaighs-3 axis scan system Power sensor 1 Power sensor 2 Camera system for positioning Camera system for quality inspection Cooler Suction Control cabinet with IPCs Distributor Cooling media Machine dimensions: Machine weight: 2 tones width 922 mm, depth 4653 mm, height 2925 mm Components: Suction: height 2869 mm, width 760 mm, depth 1577 mm cooler: height 1697 mm, width 1440 mm, depth 860 mm Weight (without filling) 500kg Laser rack: height 1786 mm, width 856 mm, depth 806 mm Weight 500kg Gsdpfx Asfgbt Eog Tebg Switch cabinet: height 2001 mm, width 1616.05 mm, depth 605 mm Machine connections: Electrical: mains voltage 3*400 VAC/N/PE Mains power consumption 74A Frequency 50/60Hz Power consumption 51,3kW Control voltage 24/5VDC Main fuse NH 100A gG Mudule: Laser source: mains voltage 400 VAC Frequency 50/60Hz, power 16.7 kW, current consumption 59A Cooler: mains voltage 400V, frequency 50/60Hz, current consumption 40A Machine: Consumables Working pressure 6-10 bar Temperature 10-50°C Quality ISO 8573-1 Solid state: Class 1 Oil. Class 1 Water: Class 4 Residual oil content ᐸ 10µg/m³ Water content ᐸ 6 g/m³ Pressure dew point 3 °C Consumption ᐸ 120 l/min Cooling water cooling unit modules: Temperature cooling water outlet 21°C Temperature cooling water return 26°C Setpoint tolerance 1K Cooling water flow 69l/min Free pump pressure 1.5 bar DI water cooling unit Temperature cooling water outlet 26°C Temperature cooling water return 31°C Setpoint tolerance 1K Kühlwa [...]

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2021, This Trotec SpeedMarker 300 was manufactured in 2021. A laser marking machine in excellent condition, ideal for high-precision cutting applications. It features a control unit brand of Other. If you are looking to get high quality cutting capabilities consider the Trotec SpeedMarker 300 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details regarding this machine. Application Types Godjx D Ef Djpfx Ag Tjbg Other Sheet Metal Machinery

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 20 Watt (Optional: 30 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled Gbsdpfxow Et Ils Ag Teg - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 144669, overall weight: 400 kg, total length: 1,000 mm, total width: 700 mm, total height: 1,000 mm, GRAVOTECH LASER WORKSTATION 2 - Operating voltage: 100 - 240 V - Power connection: 800 W - Frequency: 50/60 Hz Gbsdpoxw Sk Tsfx Ag Tog Attention: The item must be collected definitively between 19 and 23 January 2026 on a date yet to be agreed. FCA D-76571 Gaggenau – loaded onto truck

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 960x900x1460 mm Weight 100 kg Gbsdpfx Aovz Hh Eeg Tjg Total power requirement 2 kw

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, This offer includes a complete industrial laser marking system from the TRUMPF TruMark series – comprising a TruMark 5000 laser source and a TruMark 5020 control/power supply unit. The TruMark series is known for precise, permanent, high-contrast marking on a wide variety of materials in industrial environments. Both devices are equipped with original TRUMPF type plates and are in well-maintained used condition. Gedjxxp Eqopfx Ag Tjbg Technical Data TruMark 5020 – Control / Power Supply Unit Model: TruMark 5020 Mains connection: 100–240 V, 50/60 Hz Current consumption: 7 A Power: 600 W Protection rating: IP54 Serial number: L1150E2020 Year of manufacture: March 2018 Certification: CE, 21 CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter J TruMark 5000 – Laser Source Model: TruMark 5000 Serial number: 0N510-2779-02 Wavelength: 1040–1200 nm Average output power (Po): ≤ 120 W Pulse power (Pp): ≤ 50 kW Pulse duration (t): ≥ 1 ns Frequency range (F): ≤ 1000 kHz Standard: IEC 60825-1:2014 (Laser Safety)

Condition: excellent (used), Trumpf Type: TruMark 3000 Gbedpfsv Hfu Uox Ag Teg Laser marking station Wavelength: 1064 nm Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Subject to changes and errors in the technical data, information is subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Type Scorpion (W/S) Year 2006 In our opinion, the machine is in good used condition condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, tools and clamping devices shown are only part of the scope of Gbsdpjxrg Dksfx Ag Tsg delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Changes and errors in the technical data and information as well as Subject to prior sale!

Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 500 h, condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Demonstration machine for sale: Laser marking system PR1915 with 12W ultra-short pulse laser Laser source by Photon Energy. We are offering our meticulously maintained demonstration unit of the PR1915 laser marking system for sale. This machine impresses with its high functionality, versatile range of applications, and exceptionally user-friendly design. It also features visual highlights, such as the conveniently retractable control station, ensuring a tidy workspace. The spacious processing area enables precise handling of larger workpieces, making the system highly adaptable for use in various production environments. The system is equipped with an air-cooled 12W ultra-short pulse laser (picosecond laser). This technology unlocks a broad spectrum of advanced applications, including use in the aerospace, automotive, and medical technology industries. The machine produces deep black, corrosion-free, and extremely sharp markings with excellent contrast—all without any thermal effect on the workpiece. This makes it ideal for high-precision marking on a wide range of materials. Technical highlights & benefits: - Marks all metals, many plastics, glass, ceramics, and more - Deep black marking on nearly all materials - Outstanding readability from any angle Gsdpfx Agsxy Slpo Tjbg - Corrosion-free, permanent marking - No heat influence on the workpiece - Intuitive, user-friendly software - Large working area for maximum flexibility - Large laser safety window with optimal visibility of the work area - Retractable operator station for ergonomic working The machine is in excellent condition, was used exclusively for demonstration purposes, and is immediately ready for operation. Original price: EUR 147,990.00 net

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 45 kg, total length: 600 mm, total width: 400 mm, total height: 690 mm, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 20 Watt (Optional: 30 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled Gbedpfxsxqhnzo Ag Tjg - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: limited functionality, Year of construction: 2007, machine/vehicle number: E0752a0009, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: manual, actuation type: electric, controller manufacturer: Trumpf, Hello, the laser marking machine is in perfect working order. Only the extraction unit and the hour meter are unfortunately defective. The extraction can be repaired using original Trumpf spare parts for CHF 1,500.–. If desired, we are happy to arrange this for you. As we use a central extraction system, we did not need the internal one. We are selling this machine ex works and without warranty. Gjdpfxoxxmfbj Ag Tebg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, shaft length: 1,064 mm, laser power: 60 W, type of cooling: air, overall weight: 35 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, scan area length: 220 mm, scan area width: 220 mm, Integra Fiber Laser – High-Precision Marking Laser for Series Production & Automation GLT – Grossmann Lasertechnik GmbH Made in Germany • Automated • Industry 4.0 Ready The Integra fiber laser is a fully integrated laser marking system designed for industrial series production, providing high cycle rates, precision, and process reliability. By combining fiber laser technology, integrated PLC, and modular machine architecture, the Integra is ideal for production lines, custom machinery, and automated marking stations. Technical Features • Power: 20 – 200 W • Galvo scan head with F-theta optics for maximum engraving speed • Work area: 100×100 mm to 300×300 mm • Integrated PLC with TCP/IP communication and I/O interfaces Gbodpfxoxvtu Dj Ag Tjg • Compatible with LightBurn, EZCAD, or custom software • Optional: camera systems, pallet handling, conveyor belt integration • CE-certified, low-maintenance, suitable for continuous operation Advantages • Integration system “Made in Germany” – direct from the manufacturer • Custom machine building & automation according to customer requirements • Full integration into existing production environments • Highest marking quality on metal, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, plastic, and more • German support, online & on-site training, spare parts supply Typical Applications • Serial number and nameplate marking • Barcodes, QR codes, DataMatrix • Cable and connector identification • Tool and automotive industry • Electronics and plastics processing • Contract marking and custom machine engineering Delivery & Service • Delivery time: 3 – 6 weeks • Delivery, installation, and commissioning throughout Europe • Lifetime after-sales support including remote maintenance

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, shaft length: 1,064 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 100 kg, input voltage: 230 V, type of input current: AC, laser power: 60 W, type of cooling: air, overall weight: 135 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, height adjustment type: electric, scan area length: 220 mm, scan area width: 220 mm, travel distance X-axis: 300 mm, Gravis Fiber Laser – Industrial Marking Laser Made in Germany | Automated & PLC-Controlled Gbedpfjxvtt Hex Ag Teg The Gravis Fiber Laser is an industrial laser marking system for metals, plastics, nameplates, and serial numbers. Developed and manufactured in Germany, it combines maximum precision, robust mechanics, and flexible PLC control for continuous 24/7 operation in production environments. Technical Features • Power: 20 – 100 W • Galvo system with precision F-theta optics • Working area: variable (100×100 mm to 300×300 mm) • Integrated PLC with TCP/IP communication • Flexible software options: LightBurn / EZCAD / Beam Construct • CE-certified, low maintenance, ready for immediate use — Advantages • Complete system “Made in Germany” – directly from the manufacturer • Custom machine engineering & automation per customer specifications • Seamless integration into production lines (e.g., PLC or robot systems) • Perfect engraving results on stainless steel, aluminum, brass, plastic, tool steel, and more • German support, training, and spare parts supply Delivery & Support • Delivery time: 4 – 6 weeks • Delivery, installation, and commissioning across Europe • Lifetime after-sales support Typical Applications • Serial number and nameplate marking • Barcodes, QR codes, DataMatrix codes • Tooling and automotive industries • Electronics, plastics processing, promotional products • Jewelry engraving, precision engineering, contract marking