Used Kirchner Leipzig Meat Saw for sale (8,239)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, cutting diameter 250 mm capacity 90 degrees: flat 280 x 220 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 220 x 220 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat 220 x 200 mm Iiodjzvhkmjpfx Aclef capacity 45 degrees: round 230 mm capacity 45 degrees: square 200 x 200 mm capacity 60 degrees: flat 140 x 100 mm capacity 60 degrees: square 100 x 100 mm capacity 60 degrees: round 150 mm vice 285 mm turning speed range: 36/72 m/min dimensions of saw-band 2950x27x0,9 mm total power requirement 1,5 / 1,8 kW weight of the machine ca. 460 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1150 x 1970 mm Features: - Robust electro-hydraulic semi-automatic band saw (INDUSTRIE) - With miter cuts from 45° right to 60° left * Mitre adjustment via a large turntable - MEP EVO microprocessor control for managing all functions * Front right, swiveling - Optional manual or automatic lowering of the saw frame * Stepless adjustment of the saw frame lowering - Saw blade guide made of carbide plates - Hydraulic saw blade tensioningâ??includes digital display - 2 saw blade speeds - Coolant system - 1 angle stop - Chip removal brush - Machine base frame with forklift pockets - Operating instructions in German - Replacement saw bands Semi-automatic operation: - Electro-hydraulic clamping of the vise - Electro-hydraulic lowering of the saw frame - Electro-hydraulic lifting of the saw frame - Electro-hydraulic opening of the vise *Optional equipment: - 2000 mm feed roller conveyor - 2000 mm discharge roller conveyor, including stop

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, saw blade diameter 550 mm Under-table saw for aluminum and PVC Hydropneumatic saw blade feed Two-hand operation Minimum-quantity lubrication system Iedpjzvhm Usfx Acloif Table rotates on both sides, with locking positions at +/-45° and +/-60° Mitre cuts up to 60° on both sides Full protective guard very good condition!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, cutting diameter 305 mm saw band length 3370 mm cutting width 350 mm dimensions of saw-band 3370 x 27 x 0,9 mm 305 mm 260 mm 350 x 200 mm 250 mm 230 mm 230 x 200 mm 175 mm 155 mm 170 x 100 mm total power requirement 1,5 / 1,8 kW weight of the machine ca. 600 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 1700 x 1500 x 1950 mm Features: - Semi-automatic operation via automatic saw frame lowering - Miters: left 60°, right 45° - 2 speeds: 40 and 80 m/min - Solid material support table Isdezu A R Eopfx Aclsif - Operatorâ??s manual

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, Industrial bandsaw CENTAURO SUPERCUT 80 BANDSAW FOR THIN SLICES WITH THE HIGHEST PRECISION The major advantages of a compact and versatile machine for all applications in the field of thin slicing: Thin slicing from 2 mm material thickness Maximum cutting accuracy up to 0.15 mm Minimum cutting kerf from 1.3 mm Ideal for cutting dry and wet wood as well as alternative materials The surface of the thin lamella can be glued directly, without any further post-processing being required User-friendly electronic control Isdpozvflnofx Acloif Two programmable feed speeds of the conveyor belt from 0 to 30 m/min for optimal cutting quality and a longer service life of the saw blade Optical sensor for starting the cutting cycle and for automatic speed switching Ground work table Flexam feed belt for optimal performance 6 height-adjustable rubber pressure rollers, whose position can be adjusted to open/close, in order to ensure the optimal pneumatic clamping pressure on the workpiece during the feed and cutting process Oleopneumatic saw blade tension for optimal cutting performance Upper and lower Chaco saw blade guides, which ensure optimal stability of the saw blade during the cutting process Internal and external lubrication of the saw blade for removing resin residues and chips 4 dust extraction connections to optimize the extraction of dust and chips Maximum cutting height 400 mm (optional 500 mm) Maximum cutting width 400 mm Powerful quality motor with 15 kW (20 hp) Ethernet interface for online service and remote maintenance Carbide or stellite saw blades for optimal cutting performance Maintenance-friendly design and easy service

Condition: new, CNC Panel Saw Wehrmann WT-38/1040 New machine For the conventional cutting of workpieces made of wood/wood-based materials with laminate (CLP, HLP), paper, foil or veneer Panel dimensions + data (finished panel): Length: from 140 mm Width: min. (finished dimension) 38+38 mm Width: max. (finished dimension) 520+520 mm (asymmetrical cutting is possible) Thickness: 8 mm - 40 mm Weight: approx. max. 30 kg Workpiece shape: rectangular Basic structure: - User-friendly combination machine with adjustable zero line - All drives and adjustments are servo-controlled - The machining motors are frequency-controlled. - Stable steel welded construction - Workpiece transport is carried out by means of a transport belt and height-adjustable top pressure. Base machine: - Sound-absorbing/protective hood with safety interlock - The required connection nozzles for an external extraction system with an air velocity of min. 28 m/sec. (underpressure 2480PA) - A compressed air connection incl. maintenance unit. - Integrated control cabinet with cooling unit for operating the machine at an ambient temperature of 10 - 45 degrees Celsius - PC control Beckhoff - Safety and protection devices according to CE guidelines - CE marking Feed rate v= 5 - 40 m/min servo-controlled drive Electronic height adjustment of 5 - 45mm adjustable via Beckhoff servo axis Stop ruler made of Teflon on the right side of the machine adjustable via Beckhoff servo axis Infeed ruler on the left with pneumatically sprung unit adjustable via Beckhoff servo axes Machine equipment: Unit 1: Slitting saw, frequency-controlled Milling stand with column guide and connecting plate Motor Perske 4.4 KW 50 Hz 400 Volt 4500 RPM. Tool holder D = 35 keyway External + internal thread right / left, controllable via servo drive, operating in the same direction, not swiveling with height adjustment via Beckhoff servo axis Lateral adjustment with mechanical digital display Saw blade max. 350 mm without tools Flow-optimized extraction hoods Unit 2: Saw motor, frequency-controlled Milling stand with column guide and connecting plate Saw motor not controllable, operating in the opposite direction Motor Perske 6 KW 50 Hz 400 Volt 5000 RPM. Tool holder D = 35 wedge shaft with external + internal thread right / left Iijdpfx Acszvdw Njlef Saw blade max. D400 mm without tools with manually adjustable splitting wedge with height adjustment via Beckhoff servo axis Lateral adjustment with mechanical digital display Flow-optimized extraction hoods Beckhoff control technology - PC-based control system with integrated PLC and electronic path control - Virtually unlimited program memory - Operation via keyboard / mouse / touch - Reporting system for operator and error messages - MDE Basic for recording machine data, production time, set-up time, downtime, fault time, quantity and adjustable recording period - Fast data exchange between control and I/O component via EtherCat - Uninterruptible power supply for panel PC - Feed lock for adjacent machines or transport - Powerful panel PC with integrated 15.6 inch display with touch screen, integrated keypad, keyboard and mouse - USB port - Fast EtherCat interface (field bus) - Ethernet network connection RJ45 - Operating system Windows with TwinCat 3 system for real-time control

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, cutting height (max.): 560 mm, cutting width (max.): 560 mm, Equipment: CE marking, KASTOwin A 5.6, manufactured in 2016, available for immediate delivery from stock. - Currently undergoing refurbishment – see photos, including all repairs and a major inspection. - Additional chip conveyor, zero-point start, see attachments. Iodpfxozhtv Es Aclsif

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, Multi-blade saw CAN CUT MC 930 Year of manufacture: 2021 Technical specifications Cutting width: 1,100 mm Iodpfx Acezu St Aoleif Max. cutting height: 50 mm Min. workpiece length: 650 mm Feed rate: 5-20 m/min Feed motor: 0.75 kW, 1,410 rpm Max. power consumption: 22 kW, 380 V Motor power: 30 hp Max. saw blade diameter: 250 mm Saw arbor diameter: 70 mm Saw blade speed: 3,500 rpm Max. number of saw blades: 15 pieces Working height: 900 mm Sound pressure level: 80 dB Automatic transport rollers: 3 pieces Rubber rollers between the saw blades to reduce vibrations when cutting MDF boards and wood.

Year of construction: 2013, condition: good (used), Robust and compact bridge saw with a fixed bridge for cutting stone tiles and slabs up to 800 mm in length: Special design of the carriage for maximum cutting precision; Water collection tray with integrated water circulation system for cooling the blade; Robust and compact construction. Roller conveyor at the front Roller conveyor at the rear Iiodpfjzu A N Isx Aclof Saw blade size: 350 mm Motor power: 2 kW Voltage: 230 volts Weight: 173 kg Mobile Location: in stock at warehouse 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, Striebig panel saw Evolution 6224, manufactured in 2002 Type 6224 Year of manufacture: 2002 Motor: 5.5 kW Cutting length: approx. 5300 mm Cutting height: approx. 2100 / 2240 mm Digital display in the Y-axis Center support Cutting depth: 80 cm Saw blade diameter: approx. 303 mm Wall mounting Adjustable slat grid Iodpfx Acszuyf Tjloif Wooden back panel Dust extraction connection: D 120 mm Space requirement: approx. 6300 mm x 1250 mm x 2720 mm Weight: approx. 1200 kg Total connected load: approx. 5.5 kW Location: available from warehouse 54634 Bitburg, free loading, unpacked Handover in the current condition as inspected without warranty

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Panel Saw Holzkraft / SCM minimax si 4 - 400 / 32 With tilting saw blade and anodised aluminium sliding table Article number: 5504932 Brand: Holzkraft Heavy-duty worktable made of strongly ribbed cast iron – for maximum stability and durability Robust welded steel base – ensures high torsional rigidity and vibration-free operation Precision sliding table made of anodised aluminium – smooth running via high-quality ball contact system Carbide guide rails – for lasting precision and minimal maintenance Tilting cast iron saw unit with double segment guide – precise zero-point tilt for highest cutting accuracy Heavy-duty rip fence with round bar guide Equipped with adjustable eccentric clamp Integrated mitre cutting device on the sliding table – for quick and precise mitre cuts Scoring unit with powerful separate drive motor Equipped with high-quality crosscut fence – with heavy-duty telescopic stop, integrated roller for easy loading and unloading, inclined scale for comfortable reading and practical eccentric clamp for secure hold Saw blade speed adjustable in two stages Practical saw blade pendulum guard TECHNICAL DATA Dimensions and Weights Weight (net) approx. 670 kg Extraction Connection Extraction port diameter: 120 mm Extraction port diameter at saw blade guard: 80 mm Electrical Data Connection voltage: 400 V Mains frequency: 50 Hz Scoring motor power: 0.65 kW Rated output (motor power): 7.0 kW Duty type (main motor): S6 Duty cycle (main motor): 40% Sliding Table and Table Sliding table length: 3200 mm Sliding table width: 360 mm Sliding table height: 175 mm Table length: 1000 mm Table width: 560 mm Table height: 900 mm Saw Unit Cutting width with rip fence: 900 mm Max. crosscut width left of saw blade: 3200 mm Crosscutting length: 3200 mm Ijdpjxw N Sbefx Acleif Saw blade tilt: 90 - 46° Max. cutting height at 90°: 136 mm Max. cutting height at 45°: 97 mm Note on max. cutting height: Independent of the scorer Saw blade diameter: 400 mm Note on saw blade diameter: Independent of the scorer Saw blade speed: 3500/5000 rpm Scoring Unit Scoring blade diameter: 120 mm Scoring blade speed: 9200 rpm Features Scoring unit: with separate scoring motor Anodised aluminium sliding table Handle for sliding table Crosscutting fence Material roller on crosscutting fence Rip fence: with round bar guide Stops: Two professional folding stops Crosscutting shoe Eccentric clamp Table extension Table widening Saw blade pendulum guard Manual height adjustment and tilting of saw unit Location: ex stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Year of construction: 2004, condition: used, Stacking platform for panel dividing saws Manufacturer: Holzma 2x Type: HAU A/B 25/8 Iiedpfxozu Am To Acljf 2x Type: HAU A/B 25/12 Year of manufacture: 2004

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2025, Hot fill bottling line - previously used on 500ml microwaveable bottles of soup. Consists of stainless steel bottle unscrambler with hopper and inclined conveyor, 90 degree infeed conveyor, 16 head in-line filler, 3 head inline capper, stainless steel cap unscrambler with hopper and elevated conveyor. Installed new late 2025 and only available label due to the Bankruptcy of contract packer. Isdpfoztqfnex Aclsif

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, Format circular saw Manufacturer: SCM Type: Class Si 400EB Year of manufacture: 2019 Technical data Maximum cutting height at 90 degrees: 140 mm (with 400 mm main saw blade) Maximum cutting height at 45 degrees: 97 mm (with 400 mm main saw blade) Main saw blade: 400 mm Scoring saw blade: 120 mm Iiedpfx Ajzuy Rpeclef Swivel range of main saw blade: 0 - 45 degrees Speed of main saw blade: 3,000 / 4,000 / 5,000 rpm Speed of scoring saw blade: 8,500 rpm Power of main motor: 7 kW (9.5 hp) Power of scoring motor: 1.3 kW (1.7 hp) Sliding table: 3,200 x 320 mm Alternative table length: 3,800 x 320 mm Cutting width with parallel fence: 1,270 mm Dust extraction connection, safety guard: 120 mm Dust extraction connection, machine body: 100 mm Design: EASY 3 UP PLUS CE Control panel: Swiveling control panel in suspended design Control system: EASY2 control system with 7" widescreen monitor Programming of cutting height: Electronic setting and display Programming of blade tilt: Electronic setting and display Parallel fence: Electronically programmable Operator assistance: Supporting functions for complex cutting tasks Tool data management: Storage of saw blade data Program memory: Up to 300 programs Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, Panel saw Manufacturer: Holzmann Model: K5-320VFP-2000 Year of manufacture: 2019 Technical data Note: Ijdpfxszuy Rij Aclsif The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information provided is for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, Panel saw Manufacturer: Felder Iedpfszuy Rcjx Acleif Type: K 945S Year of manufacture: 2022 Technical data - Manual saw blade angle adjustment with angle indicator and handwheel - Parallel fence with round guide rail, D = 50 mm - Rip fence 2600 mm with mounting system for extension table 1300/1500 - Machine stand for K 945 S, saw blade table made of cast iron, including operating tools - Main saw motor 5.5 kW (7.5 HP), 3x400 V - PCS (Preventive Contact System) safety system - detects the approach of body parts - Tilting saw unit 90 - 45 degrees - Saw blade diameter range: 250-450 mm - Maximum cutting height: 155 mm - Electric height adjustment - Maximum cutting width: 1250 mm - Protective cover for 1250 mm cutting width with dust extraction connection (100 mm) - Sliding table, cutting length 2800 mm, anodized aluminum - Transport packaging for sliding table - Standard pallet 2100 x 1500 x 1500 mm - Extension table for cutting lengths 2500-3200 mm - Support surface: 1150 x 640 mm - Crosscut fence 3200 mm with 2 folding stops - 3 speed stages: 3500/4500/5500 rpm - Antistatic belt for PCS system Mobile dust extractor AF 22 - Power: 3.0 kW - 3 x 400 V, 50/60 Hz - Standard dust filter - Connection nozzle: 120 mm and 80 mm Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, Panel dividing saw Manufacturer: Homag Type: Profi HPP300/43/43 Year of manufacture: 2018 Technical data Cutting length: 4,300 mm Cutting width (programmable sliding table): approx. 4,250 mm Max. feed rate of the saw carriage: 130 m/min Optional saw carriage feed rate up to 150 m/min Saw blade projection: 80 mm (optional 95 mm) Max. saw blade diameter: 350 mm Main saw motor: 11 kW Scoring saw, motor-adjustable Clamping jaws: 7 pieces (2-finger design) Control system: CADMATIC 4.1 / 4.5 or powerTouch Total connected load: approx. 18.4 kW Compressed air: 6 bar CE marking Package thickness up to approx. 80 mm (standard) Max. saw blade: 350 mm Main saw blade: 350-380 mm, depending on configuration Scoring saw motor: 1.5-2.2 kW Iijdezuy N Sopfx Aclof Extraction capacity: approx. 3,350-5,230 m³/h Processing: Single sheets and package cuts Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Panel dividing saw Manufacturer: Holzma Type: HPP 350/43/38 Year of manufacture: 2008 Technical data - Control system: CADmatic 4 - Optimization program: CAD-Plan 4 - Saw blade overhang: 80 mm - Saw carriage feed rate forward/backward: 1-150 m/min / 150 m/min - Feed rate of the program cut forward/backward: 90 m/min / 90 m/min - Main saw motor: 13.5 kW - Scoring saw motor: 2.2 kW - Working height: 920 mm - Main saw blade: 350 x 4.4 x 60 mm - Scoring saw blade: 180 x 4.4 - 5.4 x 45 mm - Cutting length: 4300 mm - Cutting width: 3700 mm - Label printer Pica 108 - Processing package for gypsum fiberboards - Annual maintenance and inspection by Homag Iiodpjzuy N Eofx Aclof - New PC in 2021 (Win10) and updated machine control software and CadLink Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Panel saw Manufacturer: Altendorf Type: F45 Year of manufacture: 2007 Technical data Isdpozuy Nxsfx Aclsif Cutting length: 3000 mm Saw blade diameter, max.: 500 mm Main saw: 5.5 kW Scoring saw: 0.75 kW Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, Strip cutting system Strip cutting system consisting of: Alphamatic vacuum loading system with 4 roller conveyors Feed system to the crosscut saw Crosscut saw with vacuum workpiece clamping Further transport to the ripsaw Ripsaw Manufacturer: Holzma Type: HPP81-3200 Iiedpfx Acjzuy Nrelof Year of manufacture: 1991 Technical data - Modified in 2019 Extraction conveyor belt Longitudinal roller conveyor with longitudinal measuring system Automatic labeling system REA JET Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Panel dividing saw Manufacturer: HolzHer Type: 6310 CUT 110 Year of manufacture: 2007 Technical data - Cutting length: 4250 mm - Cutting width: 5250 mm / reduced by 2550 mm to 2700 mm - Display on the right - Cut Control control system with touch screen operation - Angle pressing device on the right - Saw carriage with main/scoring saw control - Power: 18.5 kW / 2.2 kW - Manual adjustment of scoring saws in width and height - Grooving device with 2 groove height settings (groove depth adjustable from 2-12 mm, up to max. 9-19 mm) - Label printer TLP2742 - Cut-out device - Additional blowing device on the saw carriage - 3 additional support tables, 2400 mm, with drive system - Control cabinet on the machine side including speed monitoring with safety shutdown - Postforming unit including scoring unit - Automatic central lubrication - Closed pressure beam - Film cutting device Optional, at an extra charge: Iijdpfx Acozuy Nlsljf Extraction system Manufacturer: AL-KO Type: POWER UNIT 300P Year of manufacture: 2011 Technical data - V = 5089 m³/h - Vacuum: 2050 pA - Motor power: 7.5 kW - Suction nozzle 300 mm - 3 collection containers, 250 l each - Integrated extinguishing system Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, Optimized miter saw Manufacturer: Reinhardt / Paul Type: SlimLine 110 Year of manufacture: 2023 Technical data - Working direction: from right to left - Wood type: MDF, chipboard, solid wood, Kerto, plywood - Wood length: 300 - 3000 mm - Wood width: 30 - 350 mm - Wood thickness: 15 - 110 mm Isdpfjzuy I Ujx Acljif - Minimum cross-section: 15 x 30 mm - Maximum cross-section: 58 x 125 mm - Miter length: 80 - 2700 mm - Processing: automatic miter cutting - Working height: 900 mm - Operating voltage: 400V / 50Hz / 3Ph - Motor: 5.5 kW 400VD / 690VY 50Hz - Feeding with 3 buffer positions - Electronic control with Windows 10 and Beckhoff TwinCAT - Full optimization without error cutting - Backlog monitoring - PALETTI PROCESS VIEWER - PALETTI OFFICE Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, - Cutting length: 5800 mm - Cutting width: 2 x 2200 mm - Max. cutting height: 100 mm Iiedpfxszuy Ege Aclsf Panel dividing and solid wood saw Manufacturer: PANHANS Type: EURO 32 Year of manufacture: 2001 Dimensions: - Cutting length: 5800 mm - Cutting width: 2 x 2200 mm - Max. cutting height: 100 mm Machine attachments: - Roller table at the rear: 3982 mm - Support beam at the rear: 9 pieces, 40 x 4056 mm - Air cushion table at the front: 2 pieces, 600 x 1800 mm, adjustable Air cushion table at the front for miter cutting device: 1 piece, 600 x 1400 mm - Air cushion miter table: 600 x 1800 mm, left - Miter ruler: up to 2060 mm - Clamps: 9 pieces, adjustable - Stop jaws: 2 pieces, adjustable - Side pressure: 65-1365 mm, stepless Special accessories: automatic miter cutting device - Special version: hydraulic lifting table with roller conveyor, infeed roller conveyor, 4 length edgers, 4 panel extractors Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the order confirmation from that time. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, - Cutting length: 5800 mm - Cutting width: 5150 mm - Main saw power: 11 kW - Scoring saw power: 1.5 kW Panel dividing saw Manufacturer: Panhans Iodpfx Acozuy D Asloif Type: 693 / EURO 30 Year of manufacture: 1994 Technical data: - Cutting length: 5800 mm - Cutting width: 5150 mm - Main saw power: 11 kW - Scoring saw power: 1.5 kW - Rear support table (divided): 1 piece, 370 x 4910 - Rear support beams (with rollers): 9 pieces, 40 x 4910 mm - Front sliding support table (with 3 infeed rollers on the end): 3 pieces, 600 x 1800 - Miter table: adjustable - Air cushion miter table: adjustable - Angle table: left - Air cushion table left: up to 2020 mm - Clamping jaws: 7 pieces, floating Scoring jaws: 4 pieces Special accessories: Color screen, graphics, online I Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, Vertical panel dividing saw Iiedpfx Ajzuy Dveclef Manufacturer: Felder Format4 Type: Kappa V80 Year of manufacture: 2021 Technical data Saw unit Motor with 5.5 kW power Saw blade diameter: 300 mm Cutting depth: 80 mm Cutting length: 5300 mm Cutting height: 2200 mm Maximum horizontal cut: 2080 mm Note: The technical data and descriptions are copies of the original order confirmation. The information is provided for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, - Cutting length: 4300 mm - Cutting width: 4300 mm - Main motor: 9 kW Panel dividing saw Manufacturer: Otto Meyer Type: PS80P Year of manufacture: 2019 Technical data - Cutting length: 4300 mm - Cutting width: 4300 mm - Main motor: 9 kW - Optimized feed speeds of the main saw thanks to an additional frequency converter - Label printer - Automatic electronic clamp detection for recognizing the panel corners Iijdpfozuy Dpjx Acljf Note: The technical data and descriptions are a verbatim copy of the original order confirmation. The data is for informational purposes only and is not binding.