Used Kirchner Meat Saw for sale (7,456)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, cutting height (max.): 104 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,250 mm, saw blade diameter: 315 mm, tilt adjustment saw blade: 45 °, height adjustment type: mechanical, saw blade bore: 30 mm, Equipment: CE marking, – Austrian production – Year of manufacture: 2018 – X-Roll sliding table guiding system Hodpfxjym Abie Ag Isi – Operation manual DTR and CE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: – Table length: 3200 mm – Cutting width on the right: 1250 mm – Saw blade diameter: max. 315 mm – Scoring saw diameter: 100 mm – Main motor: 5.5 kW – Scoring motor: 0.75 kW – Brake – X-Roll sliding table guiding system – Cutting height adjustment – Manual angle adjustment: 0° - 45° – Max. cutting height: 104 mm – Possibility to mount a cutter: thickness: 6 - 20 mm – Max. diameter: 228 mm – Two locking positions – Movable guard – Suction port diameter: 80 and 120 mm – Dimensions (L/W/H): 340 / 210 / 170 cm – Weight: approx. 750 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, cutting width (max.): 1,250 mm, saw blade diameter: 450 mm, tilt adjustment saw blade: 45 °, height adjustment type: electric, – Year of production: 2007 – Austrian manufacture TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: – Total power: 7.35 kW – Max. saw blade diameter: 450 mm – Min. saw blade diameter: 250 mm – Scoring blade diameter: 125 mm – Pro Gline carriage guides – Carriage length: 2,800 mm – Fence with two stops Hedpfxoymz Ubs Ag Ioi – Cutting width to the right: 1,250 mm – Three spindle speeds: 3,500 / 4,500 / 5,500 RPM – Main motor power: 5.5 kW – Electric height adjustment of cut – Electric angle adjustment of cut – Electric setting of cutting width on the right side – Automatic scoring unit advance – Extraction port diameters: 100 mm and 120 mm Transport dimensions: – Length: 290 cm – Width: 230 cm – Height: 180 cm – Weight: approx. 1,000 kg

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7602 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Sharpening speed: automatic - Cooling - Belt support arms - Grinding wheel size: 120 mm - Motor power: 0.17 kW, 400 V - Dimensions (L/W/H): 500x700x1200 mm - Weight: 120 kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Unpainted – Belt support arms – Used sharpening machine – Very good condition Net price: 4,900 PLN Net price: 1,160 EUR based on an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR Hedjx U Ac Dspfx Ag Isi (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7548 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 250 mm Shaft width: 250 mm Max saw blade diameter: 350 mm Saw blade bore diameter: 80 mm Max cutting height: 120 mm Table width with gap: 700 mm Table length: 1790 mm *From above: Ratcheting pawls Pressure roller, smooth Ratcheting pawls Pressure roller, smooth Shaft with sawblades Smooth pressure rollers: 2 pcs From below: Hjdpfoyaq Hgsx Ag Iji Guide Smooth sliding roller Ratcheting pawls Track Central lubrication Feed motor: 1.1 kW Main motor: 30 kW Electric body lifting Manual saw shaft lifting Extraction nozzle diameter: 160 mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2250x1700x2000 mm Weight approx.: 3000 kg – German-made – Electric lifting of body and saw shaft – Smooth feed speed adjustment – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: PLN 68,900 Net price: EUR 16,400 at the rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7547 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 300 mm Roll working width: 290 mm Max. disc diameter: 300 mm Disc bore diameter: 70 mm Max. cutting height: 100 mm Table width with extension: 680 mm Table length: 1630 mm *From above: 2 rows of pawls Metal pressure slip roller Roller with saws 2 smooth metal pressure slip rollers From below: Guide rail Hedjx Uz T Uepfx Ag Iei Pawls Track Electric height adjustment of main body (up/down) Central track lubrication 2 feed speed modes Feed motor: 1.1 kW Main motor: 22 kW Extraction nozzle diameter: 130 mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2000x1400x1700 mm Weight approx.: 900 kg – Italian manufacture – Very good condition – Used multi-blade saw Net price: 34,900 PLN Net price: 8,300 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR rate) (Prices may vary according to rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7545 TECHNICAL DATA Track width: 250mm Shaft width: 220mm Max blade diameter: 300mm Blade bore diameter: 60mm Cutting height: 100mm Table width: 650mm Table length: 1460mm – Top: 2 rows of pawls Smooth feed roller Blade shaft Smooth feed roller – Bottom: Guide rail Pawls Track 2 feed speed settings + stepless adjustment Central lubrication Feed motor: 1.2kW Main motor: 21kW Extraction outlet diameter: 180mm Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1700x1450x1500mm Weight: approx. 1800kg – Made in Italy – DTR technical documentation – Robust machine – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Hjdpfxjx Uz Tus Ag Ioi Net price: 25,900 PLN Net price: 6,160 EUR depending on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may vary with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Multiple-shaft circular saw (gang saw) by FOD BYDGOSZCZ* DPPA III 50E 620/120 Catalogue Number: 7407 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: - Maximum cutting height: 120 mm Hsdpfx Agoymxdmj Iji - Maximum workpiece width: 700 mm - Working width of the shaft with saw blades: 620 mm - Maximum saw blade diameter: 450 mm - Saw blade bore diameter: 90 mm Upper side: - Kickback pawls - 2 toothed driven rollers Lower side: - Kickback pawls - 2 smooth driven rollers - Saw blade shaft - Smooth driven roller - 2 feed speed options - Feed motor: 4.4 kW - Main motor: 30 kW - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 2370x1400x1800 mm - Weight: approx. 3000 kg – Polish production – Used machine, very good condition Net price: 38,900 PLN Net price: 9,260 EUR (based on an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change depending on currency fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase but is not an authorized dealer for the manufacturer. All trademarks and names are used purely for informational purposes to identify the product. We only resell goods that have previously been placed on the market by the manufacturer. We have no business association with the manufacturer.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7865 TECHNICAL DATA - max blade diameter: 315mm - spindle diameter: 30mm - blade guard included - max cutting height: 40mm - min saw spacing: 180mm - max saw spacing (edge-to-edge): 2400mm - manual saw spacing adjustment - main motor power: 2x3kW - feed motor power: 0.74kW - feed with inverter + forward/backward - overall dimensions (LxWxH): 3300x1000x1600mm - weight: 250kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Manual saw spacing adjustment – Very good condition – Unpainted Hedpox U Tvhsfx Ag Iji – Double-saw, used Net price: 7,900 PLN Net price: 1,880 EUR based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with major rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, CATALOG NUMBER 7585 Technical specifications: - wheel diameter: 630 mm - table dimensions: 850x810 mm - angle-adjustable table - motor: 3 kW - max cutting height: 320 mm - band-to-frame throat: 600 mm - dust extraction port diameter: 90 mm - brake - dimensions (L/W/H): 1300x830x2050 mm - weight: 420 kg Advantages: – Polish production – DTR documentation – very good condition – used saw Net price: 8,500 PLN Net price: 2,020 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change) Hjdpfx Asx Tptgsg Isi

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7623 Technical data: - max saw blade diameter 300mm - spindle diameter 30mm - blade guards 2 pcs - pneumatic blade feed - saw units adjustable to 45° - manual adjustment of saw unit spacing - min cutting length at 90° 300mm - max cutting length at 90° 4600mm - cutting width 90mm Hedpjx Tpukofx Ag Iji - cutting height at 90° 90mm - pneumatic clamps 2 pcs - control buttons - material supports 3 pcs - main motor 2×1.1kW - extraction port diameter 2x90mm - dimensions (L/W/H) 5030x1150x1400mm - weight approx. 500kg ADVANTAGES – Italian production – tiltable saw units – used saw, in very good condition Net price: 15900 PLN Net price: 3780 EUR (depending on the rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with larger fluctuations)

Condition: good (used), Code: 0310 Brand: ESY - ITALY Model: TSI 300 - CE Standard Saw spindle moulder with tilting blade and scoring unit for carpentry workshops, custom-made furniture, wooden doors, window frames, kitchens, plastics, composite materials and various - CE Standard Technical data: Aluminium carriage length 2000 mm Support with metric rod with 2 reference stops Max blade diameter mm 250 Hole 30 Three-phase motor 2 Hp - 4500 rpm Scoring unit Tilting blade 0-45° Parallel guide width 800 mm 2-speed spindle moulder - 3500/7000 rpm - Max tool diameter 150 mm - Shaft diameter 30 mm Overall dimensions of assembled machine mm 2100 x 1900 x 1100 h Hjdjym Skmopfx Ag Ioi Overall dimensions for transport mm 2100 x 1100 x 1100 h Weight kg 260

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, Cutting length scale up to 5000 mm, saw blade 420 mm, roller conveyor 1500 mm, electro-motorized movement of the right unit, digital measurement display, saw units swiveling and tiltable. Storage location: customer Hsdsw Sadropfx Ag Ioi

Condition: used, empty load weight: 10,042 kg, maximum load weight: 28,958 kg, overall weight: 39,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 02/2014, next inspection (TÜV): 07/2025, loading space length: 13,410 mm, loading space width: 2,460 mm, loading space height: 2,550 mm, loading space volume: 84 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65 R22,5, color: white, Year of construction: 2014, Equipment: ABS, Tare weight: 10042kg, GVW: 39000kg, Loading area (L W H): 13,410 mm x 2,460 mm x 2,550 mmTyre size: 385/65 R22.5, Loading area volume: 84 m³, 1st axle: , 2nd axle: , 3rd axle: , Air suspension, Rear underrun, Pallet box (double), Electronic Brake System EBS, Toolbox, Ferry lashings, Temperature recorder, 1x15 and 2x7 pin plug, EURO meat hanging system 60 mm, Antispray, Light alloy rims: Alcoa Dura-Bright, Telematics system, Please find an overview of all vehicles available on our website . Finance required? We offer individual financing solutions, full service contracts and telematic-services. We would be glad to advise you personally. Hjdjynb Scspfx Ag Ioi

Condition: used, empty load weight: 9,925 kg, maximum load weight: 29,075 kg, overall weight: 39,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 08/2017, loading space length: 13,410 mm, loading space width: 2,490 mm, loading space height: 2,600 mm, loading space volume: 86 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65 R22,5, color: white, Year of construction: 2017, Equipment: ABS, Tare weight: 9925kg, GVW: 39000kg, Loading area (L W H): 13,410 mm x 2,490 mm x 2,600 mmTyre size: 385/65 R22.5, Loading area volume: 86 m³, 1st axle: , 2nd axle: , 3rd axle: , Air suspension, Rear underrun, Electronic Brake System EBS, 1x15 pin plug, Antispray, ATP - July 2023, Please find an overview of all vehicles available on our website . Finance required? We offer individual financing solutions, full service contracts and telematic-services. We would be glad to advise you personally. Hedpfx Ajynb R Seg Isi

Condition: used, empty load weight: 10,236 kg, maximum load weight: 28,764 kg, overall weight: 39,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 07/2017, next inspection (TÜV): 09/2024, loading space length: 13,410 mm, loading space width: 2,460 mm, loading space height: 2,650 mm, loading space volume: 87 m³, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65 R22,5, color: white, Year of construction: 2017, Equipment: ABS, Tare weight: 10236kg, GVW: 39000kg, DIN EN 12642 (code XL) certificate, Loading area (L W H): 13,410 mm x 2,460 mm x 2,650 mmTyre size: 385/65 R22.5, Loading area volume: 87 m³, 1st axle: , 2nd axle: , 3rd axle: , Air suspension, Rear underrun, Pallet box (double): Pallet rack for 36 Euro/ 24 ISO pallets, Electronic Brake System EBS, Spare wheel carrier double, 1x15 and 2x7 pin plug, EURO meat hanging system 60 mm: Meat hook-5 es, Ø 60mm f.right slider bear. + stoppers on every bracket (13400), Antispray, Light alloy rims, Please find an overview of all vehicles available on our website . Finance required? We offer individual financing solutions, full service contracts and telematic-services. We would be glad to advise you personally. Hjdpfxjynb Sie Ag Ioi

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7280 TECHNICAL DATA - track width: 340mm - shaft width: 400mm - max blade diameter: 350mm - blade bore diameter: 80mm - max cutting height: 120mm - table width with clearance: 700mm - table length: 1720mm from above: - pawls - metal slip pressure roller - pawls - metal slip pressure roller - shaft with saw blades - 2 pcs metal slip pressure rollers from below: - guide bar - metal slip roller - pawls - track - electric body lifting 0.55kW - central lubrication - variable feed speed control 1.5kW - main motor 37kW - dust extraction nozzle diameter: 200mm - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1800x1670x1780mm - weight approx. 2500kg – German made – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Original photos Net price: 76,900 PLN Net price: 18,300 EUR (depending on an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) Hodpfx Agoymnryj Isi (Prices may vary with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7316 TECHNICAL DATA Hjdsymnqvspfx Ag Iji - Track width: 350mm - Working width of shaft with saws: 355mm - Max. blade diameter: 450mm - Max. cutting height: 170mm - Blade bore diameter: 70mm - Table dimensions: 1850x790mm Top section: - Pawls - 2 smooth, metal sliding shafts - Shaft with saws - 3 smooth, metal sliding shafts Bottom section: - Guide bar - Pawls - Track - Toothed, metal feed shaft - Central lubrication, electric - Stepless feed speed adjustment - Electric lifting of body up/down approx. 1kW - Feed motor: 2.2kW - Main motor: 75kW - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2600x1800x1700mm - Weight: 2700kg – Used multi-blade saw – Very good condition Net price: 68,900 PLN Net price: 16,400 EUR depending on 4.2 EUR exchange rate (Prices may vary with larger fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7834 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum diameter of main blade without scoring unit: 400mm - Maximum blade diameter with scoring unit: 350mm - Maximum cutting height for 350mm blade: 100mm - Main blade adjustable up/down and tiltable - Large blade guard - Spindle diameter: 30mm - With sliding table - Cutting length on sliding table: 1400mm - Cutting width at fence: 1180mm - With side table - Fence on side table adjustable at an angle - With scoring unit - Maximum scoring blade diameter: 120mm - Spindle diameter: 20mm - Main blade motor power: 4kW - Scoring unit motor: 0.75kW - 2 rotation speed settings - Table dimensions: 1120x1020mm - Table dimensions with extension: 1820x1720mm - Extraction nozzle diameter: 130mm - Dimensions L/W/H: 3650x2150x1450mm - Weight: 720kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – With scoring unit – DTR technical documentation – Used saw, in very good condition Net price: 11,900 PLN Net price: 2,840 EUR (depending on the rate 4.2 EUR) Hodpoymnmqofx Ag Ioi (Prices may vary with significant rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7833 TECHNICAL DATA - Max blade diameter: 400mm - Blade bore diameter: 30mm - Max cutting height: 110mm - Main blade adjustable up/down and at an angle - Blade guard included - With side carriage - Angle guide - Cutting length on carriage: 870mm - Cutting width at the fence: 600mm - Main motor approx.: 4kW - Table dimensions: 900x1020mm - Extraction port diameter: 110mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2500x1400x1000mm - Weight: 530kg ADVANTAGES – Polish manufacture – Includes side carriage – DTR technical documentation – Used saw, very good condition Net price: 7500 PLN Net price: 1790 EUR based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate Hedpjx Arimofx Ag Ioi (Prices may change with significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, FOD BYDGOSZCZ Shaft Multi-Rip Saw* DPPD III 50E 530/150 Catalogue number: 7405 TECHNICAL DATA Hjdpfxjymnk Ae Ag Isi - Maximum cutting height: 150 mm - Maximum element width: 700 mm - Working width of arbor with saw blades: 530 mm - Maximum blade diameter: 450 mm (currently fitted: 350 mm) - Blade bore diameter: 90 mm From above: - Kickback pawls - 2 toothed feed rollers From below: - 2 smooth feed rollers - Arbor with saw blades - Smooth feed roller - 4 feed speed options - Feed motor approx. 2 kW - Main motor 30 kW - Machine dimensions (L/W/H): 2400x1700x1900 mm - Weight approx. 3000 kg – Made in Poland – Used machine, condition: very good Net price: 38,900 PLN Net price: 9,260 EUR (calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change in case of substantial exchange rate fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase, but is not an authorized representative of the manufacturer. All trademarks and trade names are used solely for informational purposes to facilitate identification of the product. We only resell items that were previously put on the market by the manufacturer. We do not have any business relations with the manufacturer.

Condition: new, CATALOG NUMBER RE036 2 axes – electric control for main saw blade lift and tilt with electronic display for height and angle, control panel integrated into the machine body – Brand new, ex-demo machine – DTR + CE documentation included – Cutting width at fence: 1300 mm – Main motor power: 6 kW TECHNICAL DATA Hedpfxex S I Srs Ag Iji - Saw blade tilting: 0-46° - Main motor power: 6 kW - Cutting length on sliding table: 3000 mm - Main spindle speed: 3500/4500 rpm - Spindle diameter: 30 mm - Main blade diameter: 300-400 mm - Max scoring saw diameter: 125 mm - Scoring motor power: 0.75 kW - Scoring saw speed: 8500 rpm - Scoring spindle diameter: 20 mm - Cutting width at fence (standard 1050 mm): 1300 mm - Sawing width using end stops on auxiliary table: 215-3200 mm - Cutting height for 300 mm blade 90°/45°: 90/60 mm - Cutting height for 350 mm blade 90°/45°: 5-115/3.5-80 mm - Cutting height for 400 mm blade 90°/45°: 25-140/15.5-95 mm - Extraction port diameter: 80 mm, 125 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3300/3460/1500 mm - Weight: 750 kg Optional equipment: – Angle fence – with aluminum bar Net price: 47,000 PLN Net price: 11,300 EUR (based on exchange rate of 4.15 EUR) (Prices may vary with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: new, CATALOG NUMBER RE022 – New, ex-demo machine – Complete DTR documentation + CE certificate – Cutting width at the fence: 1300 mm – Main motor power: 6 kW TECHNICAL DATA - Saw blade tilt: 0-46˚ - Main motor power: 6 kW - Sliding table cutting length: 3000 mm - Main spindle speed: 3500/4500 rpm - Spindle diameter: 30 mm - Main blade diameter: 300–400 mm - Max. scoring blade diameter: 125 mm - Scoring saw motor power: 0.75 kW - Scoring saw speed: 8500 rpm - Scoring saw spindle diameter: 20 mm - Cutting width at the fence (standard 1050 mm, option 1300 mm): 1300 mm - Cutting width using stops on the auxiliary table: 215–3200 mm - Cutting height for 300 mm blade 90°/45°: 90/60 mm - Cutting height for 350 mm blade 90°/45°: 115/80 mm - Cutting height for 400 mm blade 90°/45°: 140/95 mm - Extraction port diameter: 80 mm, 125 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 3300/3460/1500 mm - Weight: 750 kg Optional equipment: Hjdpjx Rqrxsfx Ag Ioi – Mitre fence with aluminium rail Net price: 39,000 PLN Net price: 9,390 EUR Price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.15 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change) All prices are net prices. Net price applies for international transactions and EU customers with a valid EU VAT number.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7757 TECHNICAL DATA Milling machine - Spindle diameter: 25mm - Spindle height: 120mm - Interchangeable spindle, tiltable 20 degrees - Spindle locking - Height adjustable (up/down) - Original guide fence Hjdpfxeymnbbj Ag Iei - Table dimensions: 1120x750mm - 4 spindle speed settings - Motor: 3.8 kW Circular saw - Max blade diameter: 350mm - Spindle axis: 30mm - Blade adjustable (up/down and angle) - Spindle locking - Cutting width at fence: 540mm - Cast iron table - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1260x900x1000mm - Weight: 610kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – DTR documentation available – Used milling machine, very good condition Net price: 6900 PLN Net price: 1640 EUR (based on exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may vary with exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), FOD BYDGOSZCZ Shaft Multi-Blade Saw* DPPA III 50 650/140 Hedpfx Aoymm I Tjg Ioi Catalogue number: 7318 TECHNICAL DATA - Maximum cutting height: 140 mm - Maximum workpiece width: 700 mm - Working width of shaft with saw blades: 650 mm - Maximum saw blade diameter: 400 mm - Arbor hole diameter: 70 mm From above: - Kickback pawls - 2 driven, toothed feed rollers From below: - Kickback pawls - 2 driven, smooth feed rollers - Saw shaft - Ribbed feed roller - Stepless feed speed adjustment with inverter - Feed motor: 4.4 kW - Main motor: 30 kW - Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 2500 x 1400 x 1900 mm - Weight: approx. 2500 kg – Made in Poland – Used machine, in very good condition Net price: 36,900 PLN Net price: 8,790 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase but is not an authorized representative of the manufacturer. All trademarks and names are used solely for identification and informational purposes. We only resell products that have been previously placed on the market by the manufacturer. We have no business relationship with the manufacturer.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7386 TECHNICAL DATA - max. saw blade diameter: 500mm - spindle diameter: 30mm - hydraulic clamp serves as blade guard Hsdjymm Hiepfx Ag Iji - hydraulic blade stroke - max. cutting width: 550mm - 4 sliding rollers in the table - top feed roller, toothed and pressure type - max. cutting height (in the centre): 100mm - main motor: 5.9 kW - extraction port diameter: 100mm, 120mm - table dimensions: 700x630mm - table height from base: 830mm - infeed roller table - roller diameter: 350mm table size: - length/width: 4480x700mm - motor: 0.75kW - outfeed table (belt) - belt width: 510mm table size: - length/width: 3130x800mm - motor: 0.75kW - machine dimensions (L/W/H): 890x910x1200mm - total weight approx.: 900kg – Infeed and outfeed table – Hydraulically adjustable blade – Used saw, in very good condition Net price: 24,900 PLN Net price: 5,930 EUR based on 4.2 EUR rate (Prices may vary with greater fluctuations)