Used Pg Pasteurizer for sale (438)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 2,000 h, Used Pasteurizer brand PG Completely Overhauled Used Pasteurizer Completely Overhauled for jars or cans in d.b. PG brand, all stainless steel with squared stainless steel mesh, complete with 4 water recycling tanks with relative pumps. Pasteurizer equipment for sale with inlet and outlet belt, blower for drying jars or boxes at the outlet, steam modulating group, shell and tube heat exchanger, various pipes connections, and all its accessories for operation. The pasteurizer equipment for sale is totally overhauled Pasteurizer equipment is made up of two sectors of 9500 mm each Overall dimensions of the Used Pasteurizer PG: Total length 19.00 m Useful belt length axis by axis: 18.60 ms Useful net width 2.50 m. Overall width 2.70 m machine body Overall width including trays 3.30 m Total useful area of the Used Pasteurizer Completely Overhauled sq.m. 46 Features by section: Sterilization length: mm. 8,600 Pre-cooling length: mm. 2,500 Length of warm water cooling: mm. 5,000 Cooling length: mm 1900 Single track entry belt width: mm 150 Length: mm 3800 Outfeed belt with 4 lanes width: mm 350 Pasteurizer equipment for sell length: mm 3500 Services for pasteurizer equipment for sell: We also offer the machinery reinstallation service at your company if you need it. We will create a dedicated offer if you wish, only after receiving all the necessary information. Upon request, we can also modulate the control panel and intervene on the machine’s PLC. This is used to customize the functionality of the used pasteurizer for sale. If requested, we also provide the packing service if the goods are destined abroad and with transport by ship. Bwodpfxevguhwo Akxel One of our team of technicians will be at your service and will create a tailor-made project for your company. We have many solutions available for this pasteurizer equipment for sell, contact us at the numbers on the site for more information and to receive a quote for one of our used bottling machines. Additional information: For this pasteurizer equipment for sell it is necessary to build the electrical panel, this is missing in this equipment. Its construction is therefore carried out and created with the customer’s specifications, adapting the pasteurization areas to the production needs. Its speed on the 65 diameter is approximately 18,000 pieces per hour, speaking of cylindrical containers. This used tunnel pasteurizer is ideal for both tomato preserve jars and for tinplate and aluminum cans. Both fruit juices and soft drinks and even tomato puree can be pasteurized. The used tunnel pasteurizer has already been overhauled and is ready to be purchased and delivered to the end customer, we will follow all the issues related to its loading on trucks or containers included in the price.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, Used Pasteurizer PG 2008 NR 01 all stainless steel pasteurizer/rain cooler with PG intralox mesh, complete with: no. 03 tanks for water recovery with relative pumps Overall dimensions: useful length mm. 13,500 net width 2000 mm Bwedpfx Akovguh Dexsl The machine is equipped with infeed and outfeed belts for cans or pots, steam regulation group, stainless steel hood for steam outlet, complete with stainless steel electrical panel and all its accessories for operation. The machine was built to process tomato puree in 720ML bottles, it is not equipped with an exchanger, is equipped with a recorder.

Year of construction: 2012, condition: excellent (used), Belt Pasteurizer Steiner Model: TP-1000-5000 Build: 2012 1heating zone up to 95 degrees Bwjdpoibyqqefx Akxsl 3 cooling zones Belt wide 900mm Belt long 5.000mm Infeed height 950mm adjustable Max product height 220mm Steam 70kg/hr (continue) 4 Circulation pumps

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, machine/vehicle number: PST30, Used Tetra therm aseptic pasteurizer - 2012Technical Specifications & Performance DataThis aseptic pasteurizer delivers reliable high-temperature short-time processing for demanding beverage production. Engineered within the Tetra Therm family and manufactured in collaboration with Alfa Laval, it is configured for aseptic operation with integrated deaeration for quality preservation in sensitive products. As a second hand unit from industrial packaging environments, it offers strong performance for a used bottling line or a standalone processing cell.Machine type: Aseptic Pasteurizer (Flash)Brand: Tetra Pak (engineered with Alfa Laval)Model: CM6-SMYear: 2012Production capacity: up to 12,000 L/h (current setting approx. 6,000 L/h)Maximum process temperature (TS): 125 °CMaximum allowable pressure (PS): 6.0 barTest pressure (PT): 8.6 barProcess volume: 162.0 LFluid group: 2Deaerator: IncludedCE conformity: CE 0409Test pressure date: 2012-11-28Advanced Automation & Control SystemsDesigned for modern beverage production, this aseptic pasteurizer supports automated temperature control and stable holding conditions suited to HTST workflows. It is compatible with typical PLC/HMI architectures used in bottling equipment and packaging machinery, enabling recipe management, alarm handling, and trending through standard plant control systems. Safety interlocks and CE-compliant protections contribute to consistent operation and operator safety during process and cleaning phases.Production Line Integration CapabilitiesBuilt for inline placement within a beverage production or used bottling line, the unit integrates upstream with preparation and deaeration modules and downstream with sterile tanks, fillers, or homogenizers typical of industrial packaging. Format agility at the process level makes it suitable for multiple juice recipes and still beverage SKUs, helping plants adapt to seasonal or private-label demands without extensive hardware changes.Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryThis is a second hand aseptic pasteurizer previously used for tomato juice and still (non-carbonated) drinks. It is presented as operationally ready for deployment, offering a practical choice for producers seeking proven equipment with established performance characteristics in beverage processing environments.Operational Performance & VersatilityThe system’s aseptic flash process, 125 °C temperature rating, and integrated deaeration help protect color, aroma, and nutritional attributes while reducing dissolved oxygen for improved shelf life. Its capacity range—currently set around 6,000 L/h with headroom to 12,000 L/h—supports both pilot-scale and medium-scale beverage production. This configuration is well suited to juice applications and other still beverages requiring controlled thermal treatment.Installation Requirements & Site PreparationThe pasteurizer is typically skid-mounted for straight... Bwjdpoy Ef Sisfx Akxjl

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Hook type shotblasting machine 500 kg COGEIM PG 10x15 Type: Hook type Max. diameter of workpiece: 1000 mm Max. height of workpiece: 1500 mm Max. workpiece weight: 500 kg Machine oppening width: mm Nr. Of turbines: 2 Turbine type: 360 Turbine wheel diameter: 360 mm Power of turbine: 7,5 kW Max. turbine flow: 105 kg/min Type of transport rail: Y Cleaner type: airwash Foundation: no Housing protection: Mn+ rubber Bodpjylhhrjfx Akxewl Req. air flow: 3.000 m3/h Max. installed power: app. 19 kW Total weight of machine: 0 kg Total width of machine: mm Total height of machine: mm Total length of machine: mm !!! With ATEX Filter unit !!! Machine is in the process of full refurbishment. All components that are damaged will be replaced with new, turbiness fully reconditioned, new color RAL 7037/2000..... Machine will be dellivered in condition comparable AS NEW. !!! AS NEW CONDITION !!!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, working width: 215 mm, welding power (max.): 750 kVA, Complete Mesh welding/Lattice girder factory Factory consists : - Mesh welding line SCHLATTER PG 24 , Semi- automatic , Year - 2002 - Lattice Girder Line SMEI , Full automatic , Year - 2003 - Straightening and cutting machines 1x Wafios R4 2 x VITARI NR16 1X VITARI NR10 - Cold drawing line SMEI , Input wire max.10mm, Speed - 4m/sec. Bedpfx Aeqy Ek Aekxjwl - But welding achine SMEI - Wire sharpener SMEI

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, machine/vehicle number: PST31, Used FISCHER Complete Skid-Mounted Pasteurization & Cooling LineTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis skid-mounted plate heat exchanger pasteurizer is engineered for high-throughput thermal processing with integrated cooling and CIP functionality. Manufactured by FISCHER engineering and built on a stainless steel skid, it offers rapid deployment and reliable performance for beverage production and industrial packaging environments.Type: Plate heat exchanger pasteurizer (EUROCAL series)Model: EUROCAL 18CFGThroughput: 6,000 L/hSections: 4-section plate pack for heating, regeneration, and coolingDesign pressure (PS): 6 barManufacturing year: 2004Construction: High-grade stainless steel skid and process contact partsChiller module: Air-cooled heat-pump type (Cooling 30.0 kW; Heating 32.0 kW; Refrigerant R407C)Advanced Automation & Control SystemsThe pasteurizer features centralized automation for precise thermal profiles and repeatable product quality across shifts.Control panel: Central stainless steel electrical cabinet with PLC and touchscreen HMIInstrumentation: Pressure gauges, flow control, and temperature sensors for closed-loop regulationProcess analytics: Inline quality monitoring to supervise key product parameters in real timeCIP automation: Pneumatic valve islands and control heads orchestrating automated cleaning cyclesProduction Line Integration CapabilitiesDesigned to integrate seamlessly upstream of filling, this second hand thermal processing unit connects easily to existing utilities and can be paired with a used bottling line or new production line layouts.Inline/standalone: Operates as a standalone pasteurization and cooling skid or inline within a complete packaging machinery lineFormat flexibility: Suitable for multiple liquid products prior to filling in PET, glass, or other containersQuick connection: Skid piping and utility stubs facilitate fast commissioning and changeoversMachine Condition & Maintenance HistoryProfessionally maintained and presented in ready-for-operation condition, this equipment supports immediate relocation and rapid start-up for beverage production or food processing facilities.Status: Ready for immediate operationUpkeep: Well-maintained, industrial-grade components designed for continuous dutyOperational Performance & VersatilityIdeal for high-quality thermal treatment with efficient energy recovery, ensuring consistent pasteurization while protecting sensory attributes.Applications: Milk pasteurization, fruit juice processing, syrup handling, and brewery wort coolingEnergy efficiency: Regeneration section increases thermal efficiency and reduces utility loadQuality assurance: I... Bwjdjy Ai Hlepfx Akxel

Year of construction: 2018, condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, For sale is a high-quality and compact pasteurization unit (HTST) from the specialist fruittech, built in 2018. This system is ideal for medium-sized breweries or beverage producers seeking a reliable solution for thermal preservation. The entire unit is mounted on a sturdy stainless steel base frame (skid), making it plug-and-play: it is easy to transport, quick to install, and simple to integrate into existing processes. Key features: - Efficient heat transfer: The installed API Schmidt-Bretten SIGMA plate heat exchanger offers maximum thermal efficiency with minimal footprint. According to the nameplate, the system is designed for multiple beer zones, hot water, and cooling (ice water). Bwjdpfjy Hgt Dex Akxol - Hygienic design: Equipped with two high-performance CSF Inox stainless steel centrifugal pumps (each 5.5 kW), specifically developed for the food and beverage industry. - Modern controls: Operation is intuitive via a central touch display on the stainless steel control cabinet, enabling precise monitoring of the pasteurization units (PU). - Compact design: All piping, valves, and sensors are neatly arranged on the frame. The unit is professionally manufactured and is in excellent visual condition.

Condition: good (used), Machine used for pasteurization vegetables. Bedpsrwn Hbsfx Akxewl

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2013, Circular Metal Saw manufactured in 2013. This SCHÜCO PGS features a maximum saw blade diameter of 400 mm and a motor speed of 2800 min⁻¹. It includes essential equipment such as a wireless measuring rod, roller conveyor tracks, a digital control screen, and an integrated extraction unit. If you are looking to get high-quality glazing bead cutting capabilities, consider the SCHÜCO PGS machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Bjdpfxsyvu Ibj Akxewl • Motor type: E63S-B3 • Motor speed: 2800 min⁻¹ • Max. saw blade diameter: 400 mm • Electrical connection: 400 VAC / 50 Hz, 1,5 kW • X-axis travel: 2850 mm Additional equipment • Wireless measuring rod (Funkmessstab) • Roller conveyor tracks • Digital control screen • Integrated extraction/collection unit

Condition: new, Chamber Pasteurizer, MultiPas, for 2 pallets, NEW, designed for processing Euro pallets with Euro and NRW crates, entirely stainless steel, insulated and clad with stainless steel sheet, condensate drain, single-leaf hinged door, immediately available. We manufacture chamber pasteurizers Bwedpowhx A Tsfx Akxsl - for 1 to 8 pallets - for beverages with and without CO2 - with wing door or lifting door Feel free to contact us with your specific requirements!

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 3 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: PG-D 1100 X-TEA, type of cooling: water, fuel: diesel, nominal power: 8 kW (10.88 HP), Equipment: chassis, Year of manufacture: 2022 Only 3 operating hours Includes wheel set Self-collection only Continuous output (active power): 5.4 kW at 230V / 8.0 kW at 400V Socket configuration: 1 x 230 V, 16 A / 1 x 230 V, 32 A / 1 x 400 V, 16 A - Sound-insulated diesel engine (compliant with noise and emission regulations) Bsdeu D Abwopfx Akxswl - Ergonomically positioned connections at the front in a control panel with voltmeter and hour meter - Full enclosure provides spray and impact protection - Electronic voltage regulation (AVR) - Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker protects against overload and short circuit due to faulty consumers or cables - Safe personnel protection via insulation monitoring (device does not require grounding) - Low-oil shutdown - Long operating times thanks to large 24 L fuel tank - High convenience with electric start - Water-cooled engine - Quality 'Made in Europe'

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, power: 15 kW (20.39 HP), fuel type: diesel, color: red, axle configuration: 4x2, operation weight: 753 kg, empty load weight: 753 kg, fuel: diesel, gearing type: hydrostat, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 1,350 h, Equipment: differential lock, self-propelled working machine: + Gianni Ferrari + PG280 D + Year of manufacture: 2015 + 1,500 operating hours (according to previous owner) + Hydrostatic drive + 3-cylinder Kubota 902 diesel engine, 898cc, 20hp + High dump Bjdpfx Aoyyynhskxowl + Protective bar + Lighting + Rear-wheel steering + Rotary mower deck, 130cm, 2 blades + Unladen weight: 753kg + 800l grass collection container + Differential lock + Municipal vehicle from first owner Receive all newly listed vehicles by email – subscribe to our NEWSLETTER! Errors and prior sale reserved!

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: semi-automatic, controller manufacturer: Cypcut, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: MAX Photronic, laser source model: MFSC-6000, laser power: 6,000 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 25 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 16 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 10 mm, working length: 3,050 mm, working width: 1,530 mm, travel distance X-axis: 1,530 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 315 mm, feed rate X-axis: 115 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 115 m/min, positioning accuracy: 0.03 mm, repeat accuracy: 0.02 mm, overall weight: 4,450 kg, total length: 8,270 mm, total width: 2,280 mm, total height: 2,150 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, safety light barrier, Sheet metal fiber laser cutting machine with pallet changer PG3015 - Fully equipped - Working area: 3050x1530 mm - 6 kW MAX Photonics laser Bsdpfx Akeywwapoxewl - Water chiller - Smoke extraction unit - Automatic O2/N2 pressure control - Automatic focusing head - YASKAWA servo motors - Light barriers for loading table - Full safety enclosure for operator - CE conformity

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 250 h, machine/vehicle number: 2506010837, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: semi-automatic, controller manufacturer: Cypcut, laser type: fiber laser, laser source manufacturer: MAX Photonics, laser source model: MFSC-12000, laser hours: 150 h, laser power: 12,000 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 35 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 25 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 30 mm, working length: 3,050 mm, working width: 1,530 mm, travel distance X-axis: 1,530 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 3,050 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 315 mm, feed rate X-axis: 115 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 115 m/min, positioning accuracy: 0.03 mm, repeat accuracy: 0.02 mm, overall weight: 4,450 kg, total length: 8,270 mm, total width: 2,280 mm, total height: 2,150 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, safety light barrier, Fiber laser cutting machine for sheet metal with pallet changer PG3015 – Fully equipped - Working area: 3050x1530 mm - 12 kW laser MAX Photonics - Water chiller - Fume extraction unit - Automatic O2/N2 pressure regulation - Automatic focusing head - YASKAWA servo motors - Light barriers for loading table - Complete safety enclosure for operator Bodpoywkkhjfx Akxowl - CE compliance

Condition: new, capacity 750 l/h Bwedpfjyw Hu Aox Akxel heater capacity 70 kW electrical power 1,1 kW electric outlet 400V 50Hz (three-phase) fuse 16 A dimensions: length 1 165 mm width 795 mm height 1 805 mm weight 463 kg Gas consumption liquid gas approx. 5.5 l/h Gas consumption natural gas approx. 7.5 m³/h Max. exhaust temperature: 210°C

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, total length: 200 mm, total width: 500 mm, total height: 1,700 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, DGUV certified until: 03/2027, type of input current: three-phase, machine/vehicle number: 2026, Air conditioner / proofer air conditioner NEW Lillnord Model: PG 1000 Powerful with sophisticated technology for all fermentation rooms up to 6 sqm Temperature range +20 to 45 ° C adjustable via thermostat Humidity range 60 to 95% R.H. adjustable via hygrostat Automatic water regulation long lifetime! thanks to the proven "Lillnord system" Dimensions: 500 x 200 x 1700 mm, WxDxH DGUV V3 tested Bodsfvvnmopfx Akxewl Connection 400V, 6.5 kW, 16A-CEE plug NEW device with 12 months warranty Come to our large bakery machine warehouse!

Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 8 h, condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Tunnel pasteurizer-cooler Tecninox T.P.N. 4x1.2-3P — as new For sale: professional tunnel pasteurizer-cooler, brand Tecninox (Felino, Parma), model T.P.N. 4x1.2-3P, serial number 317/21, year of manufacture 2021. The machine has only been used once for testing and has never been put into production. It is in excellent condition and comes complete with the original operation and maintenance manual. Key features: - Useful length 4,000 mm, width 1,200 mm - Structure in AISI 304 stainless steel - Polypropylene conveyor belt driven by inverter - 3 Lowara pumps for water circulation - Steam heating with coil and automatic condensate discharge - Multi-stage cooling with spray water - PIXSYS electronic temperature control - Data recorder with USB output (CSV files) - AISI 304 electrical panel with Danfoss inverter - Power supply 380V/50Hz — Installed power 5.5 kW - Steam consumption 200 kg/h at 3-4 bar Bwjdpfx Ajywuzwskxjl - Adjustable cycle time from 55 to 240 minutes If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Chamber pasteurizer, manufacturer: Rico, type: 4.5, for 4 Euro pallets 800x1200 mm in crosswise orientation—2 pallets side by side and 2 rows one behind the other, steam heated, made of stainless steel, insulated, featuring: - automatic control valve and steam vent - 2 fan motors/fans on top - upward-opening lifting door with SEW drive - integrated control cabinet with controller and recorder for protocol/logging. Bwodpfxewhxq Ds Akxol Condition: used, cleaned, inspected

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Overview The machine was built in 2007 by Spanish company Seppelec. The machine is still assembled but not in use since the factory closed the production. Before decommissioning, the machine was intensively maintained and tested with phosphorescent material.   Techn. Details Capacity: 13,500 l/ h Pressure to prevent degassing: 7 bar Temperature while pasteurizing: 85°C Machine documentation Heat exchanger plate | SPX Flow | H17 | 2013 Control: Siemens S7-300 Cpu 314 2dp Communication port type: Profibus Bsdpfxoq T Ak Hs Akxowl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Overview  This flash pasteurizer was manufactured in 2001 by German company Krones / APV. The unit was previously operated in a mineral water production facility in Germany. Following the replacement of the complete line, the machine was dismantled and sold individually. It is available immediately and currently in stock. The reason for sale is a line upgrade. Technical data Type: Flash pasteurizer (short-time heating system) Application: Alcohol-free beverages / mineral water Capacity: Guaranteed throughput up to 22,000 l/h Adjustable down to 10,000 l/h Process design: Plate heat exchanger with regeneration, heating, degassing and cooling sections Integrated degassing unit Buffer tank with internal circulation Electrical connection: 230 / 400 V, 3 Ph, 50 Hz Control voltage: 24 V DC Execution: Stainless steel construction CE-compliant according to EU machinery directives Control & instrumentation: Measurement and control technology PLC-based control system Electrical cabinet Interfaces: Mechanical and electrical interfaces according to Krones / APV standards   Bsdpfjyb Sw Asx Akxjwl

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, Continuous pasteurizer electric with preheating of the juice in the coaxial tube heat exchanger They use available low-cost energy (e.g. from solar, heat pump, biogas, tec.) although the temperature level is not sufficient for pasteurization. The rest of the temperature increase to pasteurization level is done electrically (with less energy requirement). The components: Preheating: * Coaxial tubular heat exchanger (KRWT) with thermal insulation (max. 60kW) thermal * Mixing unit incl. circulation pump ensures a stable inlet temperature of the heating water Continuous pasteurizer electric: * Electric heater 13.5 / 18 / 27 / 31.5 kW - 400 V * Tank (stainless steel) 150 ltr. with thermal insulation with stainless steel tubular heat exchanger * Automatic low temperature safety device (compressed air required) * Stainless steel juice pump Bwedpeuadm Dofx Akxol Pasteurizer mounted on chassis Simple operation Total capacity up to 1100 liters per hour ##### RINK - Pasteurizers for more than 30 years Proven technology - more than 500 units in customer use

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Container 150 l thermally insulated with 13.5 kW /400 V heating with automatic temperature switch-off, rack, bag-in-box filling device with bag holder * simple, safe, optimum price-performance ratio * no temperature fluctuations * absolutely gentle heating due to large heating surface of 0.4 m² * with thermostat: switches off when temperature is reached * Height-adjustable stainless steel frame - the container runs completely empty Bsdpfx Aket U H Nrsxjwl "Free time" during the heating time approx. 40 min. for 150 ltr. Hourly output approx. 150 ltr. also available with 18 kW /400 V heating - hourly output 180 ltr. 2-digit bottle filling available You do not have a 400V connection? Container pasteurizer is also available with gas condensing boiler. ##### RINK - Pasteurizers for more than 30 years Proven technology - more than 500 units in customer use

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, Continuous pasteurizer electric - up to 400 ltr./h * Water bath boiler * Electric heating 13.5 / 18 / 27 / 31.5 kW - 400 V * Container (stainless steel) 150 ltr. with thermal insulation * Stainless steel tubular heat exchanger * Automatic low temperature safety device (compressed air required) * Stainless steel juice pump * Chassis with holder for low temperature safety device and pump ##### RINK - Pasteurizers for more than 30 years Proven technology - more than 500 units in customer use Bwjdet Uzitopfx Akxel

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, Instantaneous water heater with tubular heat exchanger directly in the boiler water * Low space requirement and low weight * Energy savings of up to 10%! * low maintenance * easy to clean * Optimum price/performance ratio * Optionally with oil or gas burner Technical data: * Boiler output 100 kW * Hourly output up to 1,350 liters (10-78 °C) * Dimensions (H/W/D) approx. 160 x 110 x 160 cm * Empty weight approx. 320 kg Bedpfx Akot Hfygjxewl ##### RINK - Pasteurizers for more than 30 years Proven technology - more than 500 units in customer use