Used Brake System for sale (40,983)

Condition: good (used), pressing force: 100 t, total width: 3,000 mm, Manufacturer: AMADA Type: HFE 100-3L + ASTRO 50Y Control: Operator Year of manufacture: 2007 Long stroke CNC Press brake 8 Axis controlled ASTRO 50Y AMADA Robot ASTRO 50 Y bending cell is composed of an HFE Pressbrake associated with an 7-axis robot. Fpedpfx Aovwcduskvog When machining medium / fine thick and large dimension parts. Machine turns out to be highly polyvalent thanks to a 4-m long linearaxis and numerous grippers. Programming has become particularly easy through EASY CAM software Safety CE Fence around machine and tobot Specifications Metric US Standard There are no specifications for this machine (yet). Dimensions (estimate) Length 8000mm Width 4000mm Please note: The information on this page is correct to the best of our knowledge and belief, and where possible, has been obtained from the manufacturer. The information is given in good faith but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not constitute a representation and terms of contract. We recommend that you check all important details.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, pressing force: 300 t, control type: CNC control, actuation type: hydraulic, CNC crowning Hydraulic tool clamping EFL Easy Form laser measuring & correction system Set tooling Laser guide protection Controlled axis Y1/Y2/X/R/V-Axis Max. bending length: 4000mm Distance between supports: 3150mm Max. pressing force: 320T Distance table mount: 570mm Max. stroke: 300mm Table width: 200mm Support throat: 400mm Descent speed: 120mm/min Working speed: 14mm/min Return speed: 130mm/min X-axis range: 1000mm Control: CADMAN Power: 42kW Length: 5800mm Fedpfx Akjwrza Asvopg Width: 2300mm Height: 3800mm Weight: 23000kg

Year of construction: 2024, condition: excellent (used), Segment radius top tooling for 1000 and 2000 Ton machine Full sets segmented on 835 mm and 10 sections to make 8000 mm Fpsdsx Sxukopfx Akvog Radius 30 / Radius 31 / Radius 32 / Radius 33 / Radius 35 Radius 36 / Radius 39 / Radius 40 / Radius 41 / Radius 42 Radius 43 / Radius 45 / Radius 47 / Radius 48 / Radius 50 Radius 51 /  Radius 53 / Radius 55 / Radius 57 / Radius 58 Radius 60 / Radius 62 /  Radius 70 / Radius 71 / Radius 73 / Radius 75 / Radius 80 Length:12000mm Width:2000mm Height:1000mm Weight:15000kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2024, Minimum width 65 mm Maximium width 185 mm Load is 200 Metric Ton / Meter Operation angle from 60 - 180 Gr Fsdpfxex Sw Sue Akvopg Die length 1000 mm and 500 mm sections Minimale Breite: 65 mm Maximale Breite: 185 mm Belastung: 200 metrische Tonnen / Meter Arbeitswinkel: 60°–180° Matrizenlänge: 1000 mm und 500 mm Segmente Länge: 1200 mm Breite: 1200 mm Höhe: 800 mm Gewicht: 1500 kg Length:1200mm Width:1200mm Height:800mm Weight:1500kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 100 h, stroke length: 800 mm, operating speed: 9 mm/s, controller manufacturer: CADMAN TOUCH, working width: 12,000 mm, bending force (max.): 1,600 t, back gauge: 1,000 mm, distance between stands: 10,600 mm, control type: CNC control, number of axes: 15, Only 100 Working (table/guiders/tooling still in prohibitor) Installed never used in production only testing CNC T1 + T2 + T3 Bending help support arm in front 3 x HH 2600 Module backgauge 3 x Z1+R1+Delta1 Lower Tooling set Variable VLA 50-150 mm Upper Tooling set LVD 505; Adjustment V-Axis 59,3 to 249,3 mm Thermotec Oil chiller GC25T-35 max. 2200 kPa CADMAN TOUCH with the best software for pressbrakes Hydraulic top tool clamping Table width 500 mm Troath in column 1000 mm Max. bending length: 12000mm Distance between column: 10600mm Max. pressing force: 1600T Dis. Beam - Table: 1070mm Beam stroke: 800mm Table Width: 500mm Troth beam: 1000mm Approch speed: 80mm/min. Working speed: 9mm/min. Return speed: 90mm/min. Adjustment X-Axis back gauge:600mm Number of controlled axis: 15 (Y1/Y2/X/Z1/2/3, R1/2/3, Delta 1/2/3, T1/2/3 Control: CADMAN TOUCH Crowning: Yes Hydraulic toolclamping: Yes Power: 125kW Length: 14875mm Width: 5430mm Height: 7906mm Fjdpfxoygkuwe Akvspg Weight: 277500kg Why you need 1600 Ton Pressbrake, Bending force depends on: Material thickness Material strength Bend length Die opening When any of those go big, tonnage skyrockets. A 1600-ton press brake is used when: Plate is thick (20–60+ mm / ¾"–2½"+) Material is high-strength Parts are long (6–10+ meters / 20–30+ ft) Tight radii or deep bends are required Forming Heavy Welded structures like: Bridge girders Box columns Large beams and stiffeners Base frames for industrial machinery Shipbuilding Defence & Naval like: Hull sections Deck plates Bulkheads Reinforcement ribs Enegery & Infrastructure like: Wind tower sections Power plant components Pressure vessel shells (pre-forming) Transformer tanks Heavy Machining & Ground & Mining jobs like: Excavator frames Crusher housings Dump truck bodies Mining chute liners Furnace housings Kilns Massive welded assemblies Material to bend on 1600 t machine: Carbon steel: S235 / S275 / S355 A36, A572 Plate thickness: ~20–50 mm+ High strength steel S690 / S700 Hardox, Strenx Much higher tonnage needed even at thinner gauges Stainles steel: 304 / 316 Needs ~1.5–2× the force of mild steel Wear-resistant plate Heat-resistant steels JOB Example: Bending 40 mm S355 steel over 8 meters can easily require 1,200–1,600 tons, depending on tooling. Bending instead of welding: Increases strength Reduces distortion Cuts weld time and cost Improves fatigue life Looks cleaner and more accurate A 1600-ton press brake is used when: The part is too thick Too strong Too long It’s not for sheet metal shops — it’s for heavy industry, shipyards, steel fabricators, and energy projects. Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2015, Steering skate length:630mm Fpodpfjwvhpfsx Akveg Steering skate width:220mm Steering skate hight:115mm Skate length: 630mm Skate width: 220mm Skate hight: 115mm Max. loading capacity:12T Wheel Ø: 85mm Wheel material: steel Hydraulic jacks: 2 Lifting range of foot:30 - 260mm Lifting range of head:420 - 650mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, Load moving system CBM 240 / ST 120 MACH-ID 923 Fedpewvhrtofx Akvepg Type: CBM 240 / ST 120 Year: 2011

Condition: good (used), total width: 375 mm, total length: 430 mm, total height: 95 mm, 2 magnetic Tables and 1 controll unit  Electropermanent magnetic clamping system Clamping all kind off jobs such as; Face milling, lateral drilling, Round bar facing and slots drilling Coupled parts machining ans forged parts machining Edge milling and chamfering plates machining on right angle Flattening through drilling and pocket execution Seperate MCC Control box with quick connection Fpodpfxjwq Rute Akvsg Table Length: 430mm Table Width: 375mm Table Height: 95mm Number of poles:56 Length: 375mm Width: 430mm Height: 95mm Weight: 350kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating speed: 10 mm/s, reverse speed: 120 mm/s, working width: 3,100 mm, bending force (max.): 120 t, back gauge travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, control type: CNC control, Max. bending length: 3100mm Distance between column: 2550mm Max. pressing force: 120T Dis. Beam - Table: 470mm Beam stroke: 180mm Troth beam: 400mm Approch speed: 200mm/min. Working speed: 10mm/min. Return speed: 120mm/min. Adjustment X-Axis back gauge:1000mm Number of controlled axis: Y1 / Y2 / X / Z1 / Z2 / R-Central Crowning: Yes Hydraulic toolclamping: Yes Power: 7.5kW Length: 5700mm Width: 1800mm Height: 3100mm Weight: 9650kg Fpsdpfxoxzf Dzs Akvog Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2000, stroke length: 850 mm, operating speed: 8 mm/s, total length: 15,400 mm, total width: 6,500 mm, total height: 11,400 mm, overall weight: 407,000 kg, controller manufacturer: Cybelec DNC 1200, working width: 15,400 mm, bending force (max.): 2,000 t, distance between stands: 12,000 mm, number of axes: 8, Extra Heavy Duty Pressbrake 1 set top tooling 88 Gr 1 set lower dies Cybelec DNC 106EC controller Y1,Y2,X,R1,R2,R3,R4,OWK Dynamic Crowning Lower Beam What kind off jobs built for: Shipbuilding & Naval like ; Hull sections, deck plates, bulkheads ribs Defence & Military; armored vehicle structures, reinforced structe hardox / strenx Mining and Heavy Equipment; dump bodies, crusher housing, excevator, chute liners Contruction and Fabrication; bridge giders, box columns, steel frames  On and Offshore; pilers, decks, spreaders, crane componenet, wind energy offshore parts Boiler an vessels; pressure vessels, power plant components, tower or pole section   Bending examples: Fpodpoyvh Arjfx Akveg 35 mm thickness at 10 meter length 26 mm thickness at 12 meter length 20 mm thickness at 15 meter length Max. bending length: 15400mm Distance between column: 12000mm Max. pressing force: 2000T Dis. Beam - Table: 1500mm Beam stroke: 850mm Troth beam: 1250mm Approch speed: 80mm/min. Working speed: 8mm/min. Return speed: 80mm/min. Number of controlled axis:10 Crowning: Yes Hydraulic toolclamping: Yes Power: 132kW Length: 15400mm Width: 6500mm Height: 11400mm Weight: 407000kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Total off 12 units available Fodpfx Ajxxkhyokvspg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating speed: 10 mm/s, reverse speed: 120 mm/s, working width: 3,100 mm, bending force (max.): 120 t, distance between stands: 2,550 mm, control type: CNC control, Max. bending length 3100 mm Distance between column 2550 mm Max. pressing force 120 T Fedpfx Asxyw Sbskvspg Dis. Beam - Table 470 mm Beam stroke 180 mm Troth beam 400 mm Approch speed 200 mm/min. Working speed 10 mm/min. Return speed 120 mm/min. Adjustment X-Axis back gauge 1000 mm Number of controlled axis Y1 / Y2 / X/ Z1 / Z2 / R-Central Control TS1 Crowning Yes Hydraulic toolclamping Yes Power 7.5 kW

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating speed: 8 mm/s, reverse speed: 100 mm/s, total length: 2,470 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, overall weight: 3,800 kg, controller manufacturer: CYBELEC CNC, working width: 2,100 mm, bending force (max.): 40 t, distance between stands: 1,650 mm, control type: CNC control, number of axes: 4, actuation type: hydraulic, Press brake TOSKAR - TA 2100-40 MACH-ID 9474 Make: TOSKAR Type: TA 2100-40 Control: CYBELEC CNC Year: 2014 Cybelec 2D Controll system 4 Axis controlled Y1 / y2 / X / Delta-R 1 set universal tooling Fiessler laser safe  Sheet support arms front side Max. bending length: 2100mm Distance between column: 1650mm Max. pressing force: 40T Beam stroke: 130mm Table Width: 100mm Troth beam: 300mm Approch speed: 100mm/min. Working speed: 8mm/min. Return speed: 100mm/min. Adjustment X-Axis back gauge:1009mm Fsdpfxoyw Ip Ie Akvjpg Number of controlled axis: 4 Power: 5.5kW Length: 2470mm Width: 2000mm Height: 2100mm Weight: 3800kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, power: 25 kW (33.99 HP), stroke length: 350 mm, operating speed: 10 mm/s, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, total height: 3,400 mm, overall weight: 22,500 kg, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, controller manufacturer: Delem DA 65W, working width: 4,300 mm, bending force (max.): 230 t, distance between stands: 3,700 mm, control type: CNC control, number of axes: 5, actuation type: hydraulic, Press brake DARLEY - EHP-LS 230 43/37 MACH-ID 9469 Make: DARLEY Fedpfx Aksyvh S Tsvspg Type: EHP-LS 230 43/37 Control: Delem DA 65W Year: 2004 Max. bending length: 4300mm Distance between column: 3700mm Max. pressing force: 230T Beam stroke: 350mm Table Width: 250mm Troth beam: 400mm Approch speed: 100mm/min. Working speed: 10mm/min. Return speed: 100mm/min. Adjustment X-Axis back gauge:1000mm Number of controlled axis: 5 Crowning: yes Hydraulic toolclamping: yes Power: 25kW Length: 6000mm Width: 2000mm Height: 3400mm Weight: 22500kg Please Note: The information on this page has been obtained to the best of our ability and belief, and from the manufacturers where possible. It is given in good faith, but its accuracy can not be guaranteed. Accordingly, it will not form a representation or constitute contractual terms. We advise you to check any vital details!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1981, total length: 3,200 mm, total width: 1,500 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, Colour: Green Weight: 6.000 kg - Year: 1981 Fjdpfxsy Rrdco Akvopg - Documentation available: No - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: - Drive system: Conventional - Power [kW]: 11.0 - Press force [ton]: 100 - Max. working width [mm]: 3100 - Column gap [mm]: 2700 - Backgauge depth [mm]: 700 - Tools included: Yes - Transport dimensions: 3200mm x 1500mm x 2100mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 6000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: excellent (used), 4-axis hydraulic CNC press brake with HACO-Robosoft ATS 590 Graphic control unit (modernized in 2008) and CE conformity Press force: 135 t Bending length: 4000 mm Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 4500 x 1600 x 2430 mm Weight: 10,500 kg Accessories / Special features: • 4-axis CNC control HACO ATS 590 Graphic (axes Y1 + Y2, X, R) for stroke depth, back gauge, and back gauge fingers (top/middle/bottom) • Back gauge fingers can be manually set together/apart • Graphical programming and display • CE-compliant due to single working speed • Hydraulic synchronization control • Manual crowning adjustment with handwheel under the die, featuring SIKO position indicator • Segmental upper tools, as new • Continuous universal die with 4 different V-openings (up to max. V = 40 mm), as new • Additional segmented upper and lower tools • Busbar Fpjdpfxsx Npiyo Akveg • PROMECAM tool clamping system • 2 support arms • Fast, precise, and easy to adjust • Foot pedal and emergency stop • Electrically interlocked safety doors (right, left, rear) • Single working speed, fast return stroke • CE-compliant Safety inspection (UVV) valid until 04/2027 Delivery: immediately ex stock Dortmund, free loaded on truck Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel / Germany

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 27,169 h, Hydraulic Press Brake Make: TRUMPF Model: TrumaBend V130 Year: 2000 Technical Data Brand: TRUMPF Model: TrumaBend V130 Year of manufacture: 2000 Operating hours: 27,169 h (read off) Press force: 130 t Bending length: 3050 mm Stroke: 365 mm Operating pressure: 340 bar Dimensions: approx. L 3.80 x W 2.40 x H 2.95 m Weight: approx. 13 t Equipment • Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, R • Movable support arms Fpsdpfxjy Ryfuj Akvog • CNC controlled crowning • Delem 2D graphical control • Hydraulic upper tool clamping • Pneumatic die displacement • Upper tool: straight 28°, R1.0, H 140mm, L = 3,050mm, segmented • Die V12/30°, R1, H 100mm, L = 3,000mm, segmented • Die V30/80°, R5, H 100mm, L = 3,000mm (6x500) • Die V60/80°, R5, H 100mm, L = 3,000mm (6x500) All information without guarantee. A demonstration under power is possible at any time in our showroom.

Condition: excellent (used), 1 used, very well-preserved universal milling head, "HURON" system, with hydraulic tool clamping Fpjdsyc Eizjpfx Akvjg Manufacturer: EMENA - MTE, Origin Spain Model: VAR 3 - BF, BM, KOMPAKT Technical Data: Spindle mounting: ISO 50 Overhang: 358 mm Max. speed range: 3000 rpm Max. drive power: 22 kW Mounting flange: Outer diameter: Ø 306 mm Dimensions (L x W x H): 460 x 306 x 360 mm Weight: approx. 150 kg Accessories / Special Features: • 2-axis swiveling, "HURON" system • Hydraulic tool clamping • Suitable for retrofitting to conventional, NC or CNC milling machines (e.g. MTE, LAGUN, CORREA, ZAYER, CME, AYCE, SACEM, JUARISTI, UNION, ARSENAL, ...) or any type of boring mill, ... This high-quality milling head was used as a rental milling head and was only employed for repair purposes while the other milling head was being serviced and overhauled. Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund-Wambel

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, Hydraulic Press Brake Make: TRUMPF Model: TruBend 5170 Very good condition, year 2016 The machine is from first ownership and was used only very little in a small operation. The metalworking company is closing due to retirement. Therefore, all tooling (see photos) will also be included in the sale. The machine is located near Stuttgart and is expected to be loaded in week 25/26. Technical Data Manufacturer: TRUMPF Model: TruBend 5170 Year of manufacture: 2016 Working length: 3230 mm Pressing force: 170 t Weight: 12,200 kg Connected load: 28 KVA Clear gap between uprights: 2690 mm Throat depth: 420 mm Table width: 180 mm Installation height: 615 mm Stroke: 445 mm Upper tool height: 110 – 390 mm Ram closing speed: 220 mm/s Dimensions (LxWxH): 5.10 x 1.90 (+ 0.8 m) x 3.05 m Weight: 12.2 t + tooling package Equipment: - Control: TRUMPF TASC 6000, 15" TFT display - Interfaces: parallel, RS 232, USB, Ethernet - 2 adjustable support arms - 1 CNC-controlled bending aid incl. park position right - Electrically closable rear safety guard - CNC-controlled crowning - Pneumatic die shifting - Hydraulic tool clamping upper and lower incl. front LED lighting - Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, X1 R, Z1, Z2 - BendGuard light curtain (for 220 mm/s) - Documentation - Very large tooling package as per photos, incl. adapter for Amada tooling system All information without guarantee. Fpodpjy Rngmjfx Akvjg The machine is still in the seller's premises near Stuttgart and can be inspected under power by arrangement. This is a very small business that is now closing due to retirement.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, Used 3.6 meter CNC press brake from Haco Type: ERMS 36220 Capacity: 3600 x 220 tons FastBend 2D CNC control Y1, Y2, X, and R axes CNC controlled Fpedjy N Uadspfx Akvog CNC crowning Akas Fiessler laser safety Year of manufacture: 2011 1 set of complete tooling for 1 to 6 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 28 t, stroke length: 200 mm, throat depth: 200 mm, installation height: 325 mm, working length: 835 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Pressing force: 28 t Bending length: 835 mm Back gauge travel range: 0 - 370 mm Stroke: 200 mm Distance between frames: 890 mm Support tables: 200 x 275 mm Throat depth: 200 mm Installation height: 325 mm Number of cylinders: 1 Working speed Pressing stroke: 8-10 mm/s Return: max. 35 mm/s Positioning accuracy: +/- 0.05 mm MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,600 x 1,500 x 2,200 mm Fpodpfx Aoy Rry Dekvjg Total weight: 3,500 kg EQUIPMENT Operating manual

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, CNC press brake Manufacturer: Blemas Model: 100-33 Year of manufacture: 1994 CNC control: Cybelec DNC 74 PSG Pressing force: 100 t Working width: 3 m Weight approx.: 8 t Fedjyvfklepfx Akvopg Dimensions approx.: 3,600 x 1,600 x 2,600 mm

Condition: good (used), Technical Data for the Pallet Racking System: Racking System: META Thyssen Technical Data for Installation: Number of rack rows: 1 pc. Length per rack row: 3,855 mm Number of bays per rack row: 2 pcs. at 1,800 mm each Number of levels plus floor level: 4 pcs. Scope of delivery includes: 3x pallet rack uprights, used Material color: galvanised (sendzimir) Frame profile: SR 85|20 Profile dimensions: 85x75x2.0 mm Adjustment grid: 50|50 mm Including horizontal and diagonal bracing, base plates The uprights are pre-assembled (bolted lattice structure) 2,700 mm high 800 mm deep 16x pallet rack beams, used Material color: orange Beam type: HN85|20 Box profile: 85 x 50 mm Hook type: 4 HK (hooks) Fpodpfx Ajy N St Ijkveg Clear width: 1,800 mm Max. load per pair of beams: 1,500 kg, with evenly distributed load 32x locking pins, used Finish: galvanised (sendzimir) To secure the longitudinal beams against unintentional lifting 143x steel panels, used Material color: galvanised (sendzimir) Total width: 100 mm Total depth: approx. 808 mm C-profile: 100x25x14 mm Edge bending: approx. 40 mm 12x wedge anchors, new Manufacturer: Hilti Model: HST2 M12x105/10 Specification: carbon steel, galvanised Approved for: cracked concrete 6x leveling plates, used Finish: galvanized For leveling the rack uprights when installed on uneven floors 1x load sign With field and shelf load specifications, manufacturer and commission number Dimensions: 420 x 297 x 3 mm Your contacts at our company: Mr. Andre Evering Mr. Mario Klöver Mr. Falk Deutsch General information about the item: This item is only offered for collection. If delivery or shipment is also required, this will incur additional costs, which can be requested from us separately depending on delivery location and scope of supply.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, Used 3 meter CNC press brake by Safan Fpjdpfx Asy Nydzekvog Model: CNCL 80 3100 Capacity: 3100 x 80 tons Y1, Y2, and X axes CNC controlled CNC crowning Flat pressure table Year of manufacture: 1993

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, Used 4 meter press brake Fsdpjy Nyc Rjfx Akvopg Type: Haco PPES 40110 Capacity: 4100 x 110 tons Y1, Y2 and X CNC controlled Euro tool clamping system PC20 CNC control 1 set of tools included (not shown in pictures) Year of manufacture: 1990