Used Horizontal Honing Machine for sale (65,217)

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: not functional, machine/vehicle number: 1640137, Technical characteristics: Kwodpfx Abexvyfvo Tju # Machining workspace: X 400 mm; Y 450 (700) mm; Z 400 mm # Axis configuration: 3 linear axes (X, Y, Z) + 2 twin horizontal spindles + 2 rotary tables A1/2 NC (33.3 rpm), with hydraulic clamping mounted on indexable rotary table A3 (0 to 180° in approx. 4 sec). # Rapid traverse speed: X, Y, Z 1–40,000 mm/min # Positioning accuracy Tp: 0.01 mm # Distance between spindles: 400 mm # Spindle speed: 50–12,500 rpm # Spindle taper: DIN69893-HSK-A63 (with internal coolant supply) # Automatic tool changer: 2x30 tool positions / chip-to-chip time 4.5 sec # Maximum tool diameter 75 mm / Maximum tool length 275 mm / 10 kg Electrical connection: # Voltage: 3x400V/50Hz # Installed power: approx. 68 kVA Dimensions: # Installation footprint: approx. 6.35 x 4.5 x 4.2 m # Machine dimensions: approx. 4.6 x 3.0 x 3.0 m # Weight: approx. 13,800 kg Equipment includes: # CNC controller: Siemens 840C # Linear axis measuring system: Heidenhain linear scales # Chip conveyor: Knoll 400K-1/950 RSF100 # Oil cooling unit # Shaft, guideways, and electrical cabinet cooling system # 2 oil lubrication systems # Oil vapor extraction/recovery system # Tool presence detection system in spindle

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, grinding length 600 mm Kjdpfsx U A Ugjx Ab Tewu grinding width 300 mm magnetic clamping plate 600x200 mm wheel diameter 220-300 mm machine weight ab. 2200 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1984, ja Ksdpfxjx U A Sfs Ab Tswu positioning automatic ja documentation ja ja

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, Travel distances: X-axis: 560 mm, Y-axis: 640 mm, Z-axis: 640 mm Table: Pallet size: 400 x 400 mm Number of pallets: 2 Indexing: 1° steps Spindle: Spindle taper: SK-40 Max. speed: 18,000 rpm Power: 35 kW Tool magazine: Capacity: 60 tools Kodpfxsyhczfs Ab Tewu Equipment: Control: Mazatrol SmoothG Tool length measurement Through-spindle coolant with 32 bar Niagara flushing Through-spindle air supply Renishaw OMP 60 probe Renishaw Inspection + (Version 2022) Tool ID system Chip conveyor Additional filter cartridges Thread cutting without compensation chuck G00 inclination function CE marking The machine can be inspected under power.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, x-travel 4500 mm y-travel 2000 mm Kjdpfxewhqyqe Ab Tewu z-travel 1200 mm spindle taper ISO 50 Cube 2 weight of the machine ca. 20.000 t

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, x-travel 450 mm y-travel 400 mm z-travel 400 mm control Heidenhain 355 Kwodpfx Aopxrkneb Teu total power requirement 4 kW weight of the machine ca. 2,4 t

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 1,600 mm, grinding width: 600 mm, New High-Precision Surface Grinding Machine, Kraft brand, Type FS 16060 SD Grinding area: 1600 x 600 mm Main Technical Data - Grinding length: 1,600 mm - Grinding width: 600 mm - Distance from table surface to spindle center: 820 mm - Table drive: Hydraulic - Table load (incl. magnetic chuck): 1,230 kg - Table speed, infinitely adjustable: 5–25 m/min - Max. table travel: 1,700 mm - Max. cross feed speed: 2,000 mm/min - Maximum cross travel: 610 mm - Max. vertical feed speed: 2,000 mm/min - Grinding spindle motor: 22 kW - Grinding wheel dimensions: 500 x 75 x 304.2 mm - Grinding spindle speed: infinitely variable - Machine weight (net): 8,500 kg - Machine width: 7,500 mm - Machine depth: 3,400 mm - Machine height: 2,700 mm - Electrical connection: 400 V / 50 Hz Features: see attachment. Standard Accessories: - 1 Standard grinding wheel 500x75x302.4 mm - 1 Standard wheel flange - 1 Wheel dresser incl. diamond dresser - 1 Balancing arbor - 1 Balancing stand - 1 Machine lamp - 1 Set of machine tools - 1 Documentation package incl. spare parts list - Machine in CE version (Metric version) Equipment features: - Surface grinding machine with automatic vertical feed - Grinding cycle: roughing – finishing – spark-out - Siemens S700 touchscreen panel and electronic handwheel for Y-axis - Digital readout for vertical axis Y and cross axis Z - Grinding spindle drive 22 kW (including stepless speed regulation) - Electro-magnetic chuck combination (L 1600 x W 600 mm) - Magnetic plate supply unit - Coolant filtration system (incl. coolant tank, paper band filter, and pressure pump) Kedpfx Aboyak H Hs Tewu Installed special accessories: - 1 Additional wheel flange for 500 x 75 x 302.4 mm grinding wheel - 1 Full enclosure. Completely closed machine cover with manually operated sliding doors incl. safety interlock - 1 Wheel dressing unit mounted on the spindle head (for straight dressing of the grinding wheel) - 1 Coolant mist extraction unit incl. base frame Precision and surface quality at an optimal price. Fully equipped and ready for grinding, suitable for universal use in a wide range of industrial and application sectors.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 500 mm, grinding width: 250 mm, New High-Precision Surface Grinding Machine of the “Optimal” Series Grinding area: 500 x 250 mm Features: ● Surface grinding machine with automatic vertical feed ● Grinding process: roughing – finishing – spark-out ● Siemens S700 touchscreen panel and electronic handwheel for Y-axis ● Digital readout on vertical axis Y and cross axis Z ● Table cover and splash guards made of stainless steel ● Electrical control cabinet mainly equipped with Siemens components ● Including handwheel dressing device, electro-magnetic chuck, and coolant filtration system Kwsdpfx Abeyak Dlj Tju Main technical data: Grinding length mm 500 Grinding width mm 250 Distance table surface to spindle center mm 450 Table drive Hydraulic Table load capacity kg 180 Longitudinal movement X Table speed, infinitely variable m/min 7 – 23 Max. longitudinal travel mm 560 Cross movement Z Max. traversing speed mm/min 990 Max. cross travel mm 275 Vertical movement Y Max. traversing speed mm/min 460 Grinding spindle/grinding wheel Grinding spindle drive power kW 2.2 Grinding wheel dimensions mm 200x20x31.75 Grinding spindle speed (speed control optional) rpm 2850 Dimensions Net machine weight kg 1800 Machine dimensions (incl. table movement) Width mm 2300 Depth mm 1650 Height mm 1680 Power connection kW 3.7 All models include standard accessories: ● 1 standard grinding wheel ● 1 wheel arbor ● 1 dressing block incl. diamond ● 1 balancing arbor ● 1 balancing stand ● 1 machine lamp ● 1 set of machine tools ● 1 set of documentation including spare parts list ● CE-compliant machine (metric version) Precision and surface quality at an optimal price. Fully equipped for universal use in a wide range of industrial and application sectors.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, Hurco VMX50i – CNC Machining Center in Excellent Condition For sale is a Hurco VMX50i, a powerful vertical CNC machining center, ideal for demanding mold making, mechanical engineering, and single-part to small-batch production. Technical Specifications: - Model: Hurco VMX50i - Year of manufacture: 2001 - Control: Hurco Ultimax Kwodpfxsyhap To Ab Tsu - Travel axes (X/Y/Z): 1270 / 660 / 610 mm - Spindle: 10,000 rpm, SK40, with spindle cooling - Tool changer: 24 positions - Table size: 1,320 x 610 mm - Max. table load: 1,500 kg - Connected load: approx. 20 kVA Equipment: - Spindle cooling - High-pressure coolant system - Chip conveyor - USB/network interfaces - 3D visualization - Conversational and NC programming - Includes hand wheel and documentation Condition: The machine is in good condition and is currently no longer in production. An inspection under power can be arranged by appointment. Location: Velbert

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, Price: On request What are Presale Items at Second Owner? Presale items are machines that we sell in their current condition ("as-is"). We have purchased these machines based solely on photos and sell them with the information provided in the advertisement. Unfortunately, we do not have additional details, such as exact dimensions or machine specifications. Additionally, these machines are often not yet in stock and have not been inspected by us. These machines are offered at competitive prices, which means the prices are lower than usual, but the risk lies entirely with the buyer. Please carefully review the information in the advertisement before making a purchase. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us! - Year: 2022 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 30B.11.040.22 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 4 Kedjx Tt Unspfx Ab Tjwu - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 12 - Saw unit present: Yes - Working range X [mm]: 3300 - Working range Y [mm]: 1280 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 250 - X-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 4000 - Y-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 1670 - Z-axis maximum stroke [mm]: 500 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: Kwodpfxsxtbgpe Ab Tou - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - Type milling table: Beam table - Drilling unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, x-travel 800 mm y-travel 800 mm z-travel 800 mm Control Siemens 840 D total power requirement --- kW weight of the machine ca. 19,0 t dimensions of the machine ca. --- m Kwsdpeyb S H Rofx Ab Tsu

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, serial number 1296 Kwodpfx Abjxzu Ats Tsu ja changer ja fach documentation ja control Heidenhain 426 weight of the machine ca. 6 t

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 40,403 h, functionality: fully functional, Deckel Maho DMC 80H duo Block About the Machine: Extremely robust machine. Technical Specifications: - Control: Siemens 840D - Travel paths X, Y, Z axes: 800/800/800 mm - Travel path C axis: 360° - Clamping surface rotary table: 800 x 630 mm - Rapid traverse: 60 m/min - Spindle speed: 20 - 12000 rpm - Tool holder: SK50 - Tool magazine with 60 positions - Network connectivity Ksdsyhwrcepfx Ab Towu - Automation interface available Equipment: - Internal coolant supply 50 bar with belt filter system - Work area rinsing system - Rinsing gun - Chip conveyor Inspection/Test under power at our facility is of course possible. We are pleased to offer transport, installation and commissioning at your location. Everything from a single source: We, Baumgärtner CNC GmbH & Co. KG, are a company specializing in: - Service - Maintenance - Overhaul - Automation of DMG machines and other renowned manufacturers. We support you! From machine purchase, transport and installation, to commissioning and subsequent maintenance or repair work, you can rely on us.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 32,947 h, functionality: fully functional, Deckel Maho DMC 100H duo Block About the machine: Very robust machine. The main spindle was renewed in 2023. Technical Data: - Control: Siemens 840D - Travel range X, Y, Z axis: 1000/1000/1000mm - C-axis travel range: 360° - Clamping surface rotary table: 800x800mm - Rapid traverse: 60 m/min - Spindle speed: 20-12,000 rpm - Tool holder: SK50 - Tool magazine with 60 slots - Network connectivity - Automation interface possible Equipment: - Through-spindle coolant 50 bar with belt filter system - Work area flushing - Rinse gun - Chip conveyor An inspection or test under power on site is of course possible. We are happy to offer you transportation, installation, and commissioning of the machine at your site. All from a single source: We, Baumgärtner CNC GmbH, are a company specializing in: - Service - Maintenance - Overhaul - Automation Kjdpsyhwqmofx Ab Tswu of DMG machines and those of other renowned manufacturers. We support you! From purchasing your machine, through transport and installation, to commissioning and subsequent maintenance or repair work—you can count on us.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 6,473 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 12780000173, DMG MORI NHX 5000 About the Machine: High-precision and reliable machine. Available immediately. Technical Data: - Control: Siemens 840D - Travel X-, Y-, Z-Axis: 730/730/880 mm - C-Axis Travel: 360° - Rotary Table Clamping Surface: 500x500 mm - Spindle Speed: 20-15,000 rpm - Tool Interface: SK40 - Tool Magazine with 60 positions - Pallet changer with 2 stations - Automation-ready Equipment: - Internal cooling, 70 bar with belt filter system - Work area rinsing Kwedpeyhwpwofx Ab Tsu - BLUM measuring probe - Rinse gun - Chip conveyor - Signal light - Handheld control device Inspection / test under power on site can be arranged by appointment. We are happy to offer you transport, installation, and commissioning at your location. Everything from a single source: We at Baumgärtner CNC GmbH specialize in: - Service - Maintenance - Overhauling - Automation for DMG machines and other renowned manufacturers. We accompany you—from the machine purchase, through transport and installation, all the way to commissioning and ongoing maintenance or repair work. You can rely on us.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 1,000 kg, HORIZONTAL BALANCING MACHINE Maximum Rotor Weight --- 1000 kg (2,204.6 lbs) Minimum Rotor Weight ---10 kg (22.05 lbs) Kedpfx Abeq T Iklo Tewu Maximum Rotor Diameter ---1400 mm (55.12 in) Minimum Shaft Diameter ---10 mm (0.39 in) Maximum Shaft Diameter ---240 mm (9.45 in) Motor Power ---7.5 kW (10.06 HP) Drive ---7.5 kW (10.06 HP) Maximum Balancing Speed ---0-1500 RPM (25 Hz) (up and down adjustable) Drive Unit ---Belt Drive Unıt / Cardan Possible Bed Length --- 3000 mm (118.11 in)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 3,000 kg, Maximum Rotor Weight ---3000 kg (6613.87 lb) Minimum. Rotor Weight ---30 kg (66.14 lb) Maximum Rotor Diameter ---1400 mm (55.12 in) Minimum Shaft Diameter ---20 mm (0.79 in) Maximum Shaft Diameter ---300 mm (11.81 in) Motor power ---11 kW (14.75 HP) Drive Unit (Std.) ---11 kW (14.75 HP) Balancing Speed ---0-3000 Rpm (25 Hz) (up and down adjustable) Drive Unit --- Only Belt or Shaft / Belt + Shaft Bed length ---3000 mm (118.11 in) Kwsdpfx Aor Dd Avjb Tou

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7787 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Tool diameter: 14mm - Maximum drilling depth: 170mm - Maximum milling length: 180mm - Adjustment of drilling apparatus front/rear - Table adjustment up/down and sideways - Table swivel angle: +/-20˚ - Working table dimensions: 620x280mm - Material clamping - Motor power: 1.5kW - Brake - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1070x660x1250mm Ksdpfsxt It Asx Ab Tjwu - Weight: 300kg ADVANTAGES – Polish production – Very good condition – Used drilling machine Net price: 5900 PLN Net price: 1400 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (In the case of major exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, machine/vehicle number: 19780, grinding length:600 mm grinding width:300 mm workpiece height:375 mm Kodpfscxxrzox Ab Tewu number of spindle speeds:1000 - 3000 UpM grinding wheel dimensions::300 x 50 x 76,2 mm grinding spindle drive:2,8 - 8,4 kW weight of the machine ca.:3,5 t CNC-controlled, 3D-controlled profile-dressing unit, Unicom ELB-CNC control with integrated 024 CNC Unicon electric hand wheel, display screen, analogue spindle load display, stepless adjustable cross feed, coolant device with magnetic-roller chip collector, full housing, separate electrical cabinet, additional grinding wheel with flange

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1982, grinding length:500 mm grinding width:225 mm workpiece height:400 mm total power requirement:5,5 kW weight of the machine ca.:3,4 t Kwodpecxxtmjfx Ab Tju NC81 NC-control, table belt drive 100-25000 mm/min., automatic feed, electronic dressing unit 020 NC-K with RPM-compensation, coolant pump, emergency cut-off

Condition: new, The 9D717 balancing machine is a versatile and reliable tool for balancing a wide range of rotors from 15 to 1500 kg. This machine is capable of balancing different types of rotors, including inboard and outboard cantilever rotors, rotors on special mandrels and rotors in their own bearings. The machine's design is simple yet functional, allowing it to easily balance armatures, generator rotors, impellers and fan wheels, even with large initial imbalances. In addition, the machine can balance rotors in their own bearings, saving repair time and preventing damage to the rotor trunnions. It is suitable for determining and eliminating unbalance on rotors of electric motors, metallurgical gears, screws and printing equipment. The 9D717 balancing machine is also capable of balancing disc-type parts such as impellers and smoke pump impellers, as well as correcting unbalance on shaft-type parts such as threshing drums and combine rotors. Overall, this machine is highly versatile and effective in balancing various types of rotors, making it ideal for repair and production shops. HIGHLIGHTS • The specially designed rollers use advanced patented “Exact Barrel” grinding technology and are mounted on precision bearings. • The monolithic design of the supports and base eliminates vibration losses during balancing by reducing the number of "oscillating system" elements. • Allows large initial unbalances to be measured without destroying the machine, and rotor unbalance to be corrected directly on the machine. • The low natural resonance frequency of the supports allows the rotor to be balanced at low speeds. • The width of the support rollers and roller block allows the installation of rotors with very short rotor bearing journals. The modular design allows rotors with unusual configurations to be mounted using spacers or tools. • The height of the roller block is adjustable, allowing rotors with different journal diameters to be balanced. • The belt drive has a patented "Long stroke" design that allows any rotor to be rotated using only two drive belts. • The frequency converter drive provides smooth acceleration and deceleration of the electric motor and infinitely variable speed control of the rotor. Ksdpfspdpn Usx Ab Towu MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL • We make balancing easier - the main advantage of our balancing systems. • The balancing process is displayed in real time and the unbalance behaviour of the rotor is monitored on the screen to achieve the best possible result. • The maximum sensitivity of the machine at any moment of operation, the set-up and calibration of the machine is carried out by the operator himself. • Free from the influence of external vibration factors on the measurement result, it has a high degree of protection against various types of interference. • Easy to learn working skills and maintenance for any employee. SPECIFICATIONS Weight range of balanced rotors 15 - 1500 kg Maximum rotor diameter (above the bedding) 1800 mm Distance between centres of rotor supports 360 – 3000 mm Support type Rollers Transmission element for rotor rotation Belt / Cardan Minimum achievable residual specific unbalance 0.4 g*mm/kg Rotor speed range 300 – 1500 rpm Electric motor power 7.5 kW Parameters of the supply network 380V, 3 Ph, 50Hz Do you need a machine for a different load capacity, diameter or length? We manufacture balancing machines for every needs. Please contact us to get the best offer! 👇

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, x-travel 730 mm y-travel 650 mm z-travel 730 mm Control Professional 5 total power requirement --- kW weight of the machine ca. 9,3 t Kwjdsya Eqgspfx Ab Teu dimensions of the machine ca. --- m

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, AVEREX HS-540i GTS 2-APC, New Machine Horizontal Machining Center with the option to adapt an optional pallet rotary magazine (6-APC or 8-APC) Standard equipment - AVEREX MPro1 (FANUC 0i-MF Plus) - 15" color LCD display, MANUAL GUIDE i, QWERTY* keyboard - iHMI – Intelligent Human-Machine Interface - Program memory with 2 MB and up to 1,000 programs - 4-axis simultaneous operation (X, Y, Z, B) - AICC II Control with 200-block Look Ahead function - HRV3+ servo drives (digital servo current control) - JERK Control (jerk regulation) - Fine Surface Technology (High-Speed High Quality) - Extended workpiece coordinate system G54.1 P1 - P300 - Workpiece coordinate system G52 - G59 - Memory card (PCMCIA Flash Card) and USB slot - Network interface RJ45, Embedded Ethernet - Enhanced embedded Ethernet - Week timer: Auto. Power On/Off for the machine - High-speed skip function - Tool Offset Memory C - 400 pairs of tool corrections - 1,000 storable programs - Programmable data input (G10) - Programmable spindle load monitoring M37/M38 - Tool life management - Extended macro variables (#100–#199, #500–#999) - Program restart - Helical interpolation - Cylindrical surface interpolation (G07) - Fixed drilling cycles - Synchronous tapping (G84/G74) - Rigid tapping with bell-shaped acceleration/deceleration - Programmable mirroring, scaling - Polar coordinate programming (G15/G16) - Chamfering or rounding corners (,C / ,R) - Optional skip blocks, up to 9 - User-defined macro programming Axis Travel - Travels X/Y/Z: 800/800/860 mm Speeds - Rapid traverse X/Y/Z: 74/74/74 m/min - Feed rate during milling: 0–40,000 mm/min - Rapid traverse B: 66.6 min-1 - 1G+ acceleration Pallet Changer - Rotary changer - Number of pallets 2-APC: 2 (machine / setup station) - Pallet size: 500 x 500 mm - Hole grid: 5 x 5 M16 x 25 mm deep, 100 mm pitch - Loading capacity: 550 kg per pallet - Workpiece size 2-APC: Ø800 x H1,000 mm - Workpiece size 6-APC/8-APC: Ø800 x H900 mm - Mechanical locking of pallet clamping - Pallet clamping force: 9.8 kN x 4 cones (39.2 kN) - Pallet height from floor: 1,100 mm - Standard preparation for retrofit of 4-way pallet storage (HS-540i GTS 2-APC ==> 6-APC, 2 + 4 pallets) High-Speed Tool Changer - Tool holder: BBT-40 (optional SK-40 DIN69871 or HSK-A63) - Number of magazine positions: 80 - Max. tool diameter: Ø95 mm - Max. tool diameter with adjacent spaces free: Ø185 mm - Max. tool length: 400 mm - Max. tool weight: 8 kg - Type: Fixed place / random - Speed: 16 s for 80 tools - Tool change time: 0.9 s / 2.1 s (heavy tool) - Chip-to-chip time: 3.0 s / 3.5 s (heavy tool) Spindle Rotary Axis - Manufacturer: PARKSON™ - Axis: full 4th axis - Max. rotation: 66.6 rpm - Indexing: 0.001° Kwedowxdpgspfx Ab Tju - Clamping torque: 5,000 Nm - Holding torque: 1,973 Nm Linear Guides - Manufacturer: THK™ - Width: 45 mm - Guide shoes X/Y/Z: 190 x 120 / 120 x 70 / 154 x 86 mm Ball Screws Coolant, chip, and compressed air management

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7689 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Tool diameter: 16mm - Maximum drilling depth: 160mm - Maximum milling length: 160mm - Adjustment of drilling unit: forward/backward, up/down and sideways - Working table dimensions: 600x320mm - Material clamping system - Motor power: 2.2kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 950x740x1330mm - Weight: 283kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland Kwodpfx Aboyarazj Tju – Very good condition – Used drilling machine Net price: 6300 PLN Net price: 1500 EUR (depending on the exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)