Used 4 Color Offset for sale (62,055)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1991, functionality: fully functional, color channels: 1, paper weight (min.): 55 g/m², paper weight (max.): 350 g/m², paper width (min.): 205 mm, paper width (max.): 520 mm, paper height (min.): 145 mm, paper height (max.): 360 mm, We offer this Heidelberg GTO offset printing press, ready for immediate use, manufactured in 1991. Manufacturer: Heidelberg Model: GTO Iodpfxey Ulu Ae Afvetk Year of manufacture: 1991 Condition: ready for use Category: 832 Type: 520 Type description: offset printing press If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 57 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: LS001402, FULL UV Size 53 x 75 cm, Anicolor, Wallscreen K Press Center XL 2, Alcolor VARIO dampening system, Combistar cooling and recirculation unit, Inking unit temperature control, Water-cooled machine, Autoplate PRO, Blanket wash, Roller wash, Impression cylinder wash, Coating unit, 2x UV interdeck dryer, 1 x UV end dryer, Powder spray, Extended delivery X2 module, Sheet brake, FOIL Print kit, Airstar Pro, Cleanstar Steel plate in feeder and delivery Iodpfx Afsx An Urovetk

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, PM 74-2 2001 Year Straight 22 mil impressions Easy plate Alcolor Dampening with Technotrans Grafix Alfatronic 200 powder Itjdezb Nxkspfx Afvjk Gear free of damages Tools and Books Brand new rollers

Year of construction: 2016, condition: excellent (used), functionality: unexamined, Edge Polisher Comandulli Musa 7+4 DX Working direction: from right to left - Feed speed (conveyor belt) 0 to 3 m/min - Belt width 600 mm - Working thickness 10 to 80 mm - Min. working width 80 mm - Max. working width (without bar) 1200 mm Iedpozipzgofx Afvotk - Max. working width (with bar) 3000 mm - Loading plane height 750 mm Aggregates: - Calibrating spindle with vertical and horizontal positioning for a 260 mm diameter flat diamond wheel - Edge polishing spindles, no. 7, with floating mechanism – oscillation - Chamfering spindles, no. 4; the first two chamfering spindles (no. 1 upper and no. 1 lower) are inclined at 45° and equipped with the mechanical locking system TMM3. Two spindles at 45° (no. 1 upper and no. 1 lower) for polishing the previously created chamfers. Automatic valves for the water 2 roller tables, each 1.5 m long Color touch screen Rated power 22 kW Dimensions (excluding rollers) 5.15 x 1.8 x 1.74 m Weight 4000 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: n.n.b., color channels: 2, paper weight (min.): 40 g/m², paper width (min.): 100 mm, paper width (max.): 520 mm, paper height (min.): 900 mm, paper height (max.): 370 mm, total length: 2,700 mm, total width: 2,034 mm, total height: 1,720 mm, space requirement length: 3,700 mm, space requirement width: 3,000 mm, space requirement height: 2,220 mm, counter reading (black): 1,150, type of input current: AC, input current: 16 A, input voltage: 200,210,220 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, Hans Gronhi GH522 Purchased from the second owner, who had taken over the company from the first buyer. This second owner never reinstalled the machine in their print shop; it was stored in a corner for about four years. Recently, I acquired this machine together with some other equipment. To ensure the memory card and electronics were still functioning, I tested the machine with plain paper. All functions operated correctly: press on/off, photocells, and other controls. A video of the test run can be sent via WhatsApp or downloaded from my Dropbox. Unfortunately, Machineseeker does not allow me to share such links directly via their platform. If required, I will try to contact you via WhatsApp using your phone number. More photos with big data also available. Machine details: Type: Hans Gronhi GH522 Serial number: currently unclear (to be checked once in warehouse) Year of manufacture: 2010 (based on PCB markings, see photos) Delivered to first owner: March 2012 Total impressions: to be verified after arrival in warehouse (estimated under 15 million) Max. sheet size: 520 x 370 mm Min. sheet size: 148 x 100 mm Plate size: 520 x 370 mm Dimensions (L × W × H): 170 × 203 × 165 cm (including steps) Weight (incl. packing): approx. 4,200 kg Condition: To be dismantled coming week and then transported to our warehouse in Son en Breugel, The Netherlands (zip code 5692 CC). Very good and clean condition. Rubber rollers are mostly original, with approx. 50–60% life remaining. Mainly printed 2-colour jobs, so rollers have not been washed excessively. No damages on cylinders, gears, or bushes. Well maintained, never involved in accidents. Features: Stream feeder with suction belt feed board Mechanical and ultrasonic double-sheet detection Mechanical pull side lays Continuous monitoring at front lays Semi-automatic plate loading with pre-load facility Automated ink sweep with pre-inking facility Precision laser-cut segmented ink keys Automatic roller wash (programmable) Continuous dampening system with oscillating bridge roller and pre-damp facility Optional integrated or separated dampening during production Speed-compensated dampening Automated refrigeration/recirculation/dosing unit BEIERXIN (1 unit) Cylinder movement: circumferential, lateral, and diagonal Quick-release blanket clamping Touch screen controls Itedpfxsw R Enme Afvek Programmable pre-dampening cycle Powder spray unit with heated reservoir and vibration Three motorised suction slow-down devices Sheet de-curler Air shower in delivery Central oil lubrication system Pneumatic controlled operation (small compressor included) Seperate stand alone PUNCHING unit included Packing & delivery: Machine will be professionally packed and strapped on a heavy duty pallet and additional equipment on EURO palletboxes Loaded on your transport Pricing & conditions: Fixed price: € 12,000 LOT (Loaded on Transport, Incoterms). Down payment: 20% (€ 2,400) as deposit. Proforma invoice: Deposit invoice valid for 5 working days. Please supply full company details to issue the invoice.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, color channels: 2, Heidelberg SM 74-2 P. - Year: 1999 - 57 million impressions - Alcohol dampening system with Baldwin - Ink roller washing system - Blanket and cylinder washing system - Air knife - Powder spraying system - Perfector (2+0; 1+1) - No damage to the cylinders The machine is in our possession, but it is located on the grounds of a prison, therefore, no videos or pictures can be taken, and it cannot be viewed in person. Itsdpfxozlgpys Afvok Every machine is our own property!

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Selling a roll-off container, 4-20 cubic meters, without a lid. Product description: For sale is a 4-20 cubic meter roll-off container without a lid, manufactured according to DIN 30720-1, ideal for the transport and storage of waste, bulk materials, or industrial materials. The container is robust, safe, and ready for immediate use. Technical data: * Standard: Technical description 30720-1 * Bottom: 6 mm, steel S355 * Sides: 4 mm, steel S355 * All sheets and profiles welded * Corner reinforcements * Double-sided 3-point tilting bearing (pin Ø45) x 2 – simple and safe emptying * Stacking bar: 5 mm * Securing bar * Front profile: 120 x 60 x 4 mm * Frame edges: U 100 x 50 x 4 mm Iodjzmhdhjpfx Afvstk * Information and warning labels: white and red * Color: entire RAL color range available * Coating: interior and exterior with zinc phosphate primer, exterior painted with synthetic resin paint (80–100 μ) * Certificate: CE * Warranty: 2 years Advantages: * Robust construction for heavy materials * Easy handling thanks to the lid and sturdy hinges * Stackable and transportable with tilting truck systems * Weather-resistant thanks to corrosion-resistant paint

Condition: ready for operation (used), operating hours: 99 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 620110, year of last overhaul: 2026, HEIDELBERG SM-74-2 | 2-Color Offset Printing Machine Year of manufacture: 1994 Total impressions: 99 million Machine No.: 620 110 Printing specifications: - Cpc 1-04, CP Tronic - Max. sheet size: 530 mm x 740 mm (20.87" x 29.13") - Min. sheet size: 210 mm x 280 mm (8.27" x 11.02") - Max. print format: 510 mm x 740 mm (20.08" x 29.13") - Material thickness: 0.03 mm - 0.60 mm (0.0012" - 0.0236") - Gripper margin: 8 mm - 10 mm (0.32" - 0.39") Print output: Isdpfxsy Sxb Do Afvotk - Maximum: 15,000 sheets per hour (sph) Plate cylinder: - Cylinder undercut: 0.15 mm (0.0059") - Distance from lead edge of plate to lead edge of print: 59.50 mm (2.34") Plates: - Size (L x W): 605 mm x 745 mm (23.82" x 29.33") - Thickness: 0.25 mm - 0.30 mm (0.0098" - 0.0118") Feeder: - Electronic pull lay control - Integrated preloading device - Ultrasonic and electromechanical double-sheet detector - Speed-compensated air blast - Self-cleaning pneumatic pull lay Printing Unit: - AutoPlate quick plate change system - Alcolor dampening system - Automatic wash-up devices (inking unit, blanket, impression cylinder) - TransferJacket Blue Delivery: - Non-stop delivery with rake - Super Blue delivery drum - Powder spray device Machine is in production and can be seen in operation.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 93 h, machine/vehicle number: GS000526, Size 36 x 52 cm, Alcolor Vario dampening system, Technotrans cooling and recirculation system, Ink unit temperature control, Anicolor inking units, Double sheet detection, Side guide control, Blanket washer, Roller washer, Impression cylinder washer, Autoplate system, IR dryer, Extended delivery. Itedpfxjznl T As Afvjk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, Direct Drive Straight Machine APL (Fully-Automated Plate Changing ) InlineColorPilot IPC (Graphometronic): Automatic inline color measuring and controlling system PressPilot Center IntegrationPilot plus Iedpfx Afexiw Tqsvetk Non-stop Antistatic Device on Feeder (Eltex) Antistatic Device on Delivery (Eltex) Ink unit Temperature Control Technotrans (Watercooled) Automatic Blanket Washing Device with Blanket (Elettra) Automatic Ink Roller Washing Device Impression Cylinder Washing Device with Blanket Airglide Delivery ROLAND SelectDryer IR/TL Dryer - High Performance Performance Package Coating System Tresu with Doctor Chamber Blade Powder Max smart: Powder Sprayer QuickChange Air: Job specific air settings for all relevant consumption points via the control console QuickChange Clamp: Multi-purpose speed clamp for the coating form cylinder QuickChange Color Plus: Color adjustment system with computer-assisted optimization of the ink slide presets QuickChange Transferter QuickStart: re-start with fewer waste sheets Premium Speed: 18.000 s/h max. LCS: Low Coverage Stabilisation of Inks Central Air Cabinet: SelectAirStation

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, Heidelberg XL75-4+LX Anicolor, ref. 3023 Year 2014 IR + hot air drying Extended delivery length: 160 cm 185 million impressions Maximum sheet size: 607 x 750 mm Non-Stop feeder Non-Stop delivery Iedpjzrp Thjfx Afvotk In very good condition!!!!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Alcolor with Baldwin cooling all washing devices Autoplate CPTronic remote ink control: CPC 1-04 extended high-pile delivery with IR dryer approx. 94 million impressions Isdpsyf Hh Defx Afvjtk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, Model: GL 840 PH H-UV Year: 2016 Impressions: 218 million PQC-S OFF-PRESS CONTROLS (with USB/CF media input) – including overhead amp HIGH SPEED START-UP SMART SEQUENCE SELF DIAGNOSIS II KHS-AI - Pre-linking & removal - Self-learning function - Production management system (diagnostics, maintenance) - Register preset SMART FEEDBACK SIMULTANEOUS PRESETTING OF FRONT/BACK INK KEYS (all units) AIR PRESET FULLY AUTOMATIC PLATE CHANGING – BENDERLESS TRANSFER CYLINDER COCKING REMOTE CONTROL PAPER THICKNESS PRESETS PAPER SIZE PRESET PACKAGE • Sucker head preset • Slow-down wheel preset • Side lay guide • Delivery side jogger • Sheet release cam remote control FEEDER SIDE BLOWER PRESET FEEDER PILE SIDEWAYS CONTROL WITH PIT-LESS SKID LOADER SUCKER HEIGHT REMOTE CONTROL SUCTION TAPE FEEDER (Additional rubber wheels and belts on feeder board) ANTI-STATIC AT FEEDER SUCTION SIDELAY GUIDE Itedpfxoy Rmdwj Afvjk FEEDBOARD VENTURI GUIDE ULTRASONIC DOUBLE SHEET DETECTOR REGISTER DETECTION (2-STEP DETECTION) ‘A’ TRANSFER CYLINDER GRIPPER PAD HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT ‘A’ (INFEED) CYLINDER COCKING REMOTE CONTROL ‘A’ (INFEED) CYLINDER ANTI-FANOUT REMOTE CONTROL ANTI-RUST TREATMENT FOR PLATE CYLINDERS ANTI-RUST TREATMENT FOR BLANKET CYLINDERS ANTI-RUST TREATMENT FOR IMPRESSION CYLINDERS ONE-TOUCH BLANKET CLAMP FOR BARRED BLANKET SHEET GUIDE OVER IMPRESSION CYLINDER AIR BLOWER ABOVE IMPRESSION CYLINDER SOLID TRANSFER CYLINDERS + GRIPPER PAD UP/DOWN (one-side adjustment) FULLY AUTOMATIC DOUBLE SIZE 3-CYLINDER PERFECTING UNIT IMPRESSION CYLINDERS WITH STAINLESS STEEL JACKET – after perfecting unit H-UV PROOF OIL SEALS INK DUCTOR INTERVAL ADJUSTMENT MOTORIZED INK FOUNTAIN ROLLER INK ROLLER NIP FOLLOWING INK ROLLER TEMPERATURE CONTROL (oscillation) INK OSCILLATION TIMING REMOTE CONTROL INKER FAN (feeder side on unit) INKER/DAMPENER DE-CLUTCH – all units INK MIST EXTRACTOR FANS (GL40) – New type KOMORIMATIC DAMPENING SYSTEM DAMPENING FORM ROLLER SPEED REDUCTION (Delta Effect) OSCILLATING RIDER ROLLER ON DAMPENING FORM ROLLER BRIDGE ROLLER RIDER ROLLER UNDER DAMPENING FORM ROLLER SKEWING DEVICE ON KOMORIMATIC WATER LEVEL SENSOR AUTOMATIC BLANKET CLEANER (H-UV/pre-pack) AUTOMATIC IMPRESSION CYLINDER CLEANING (H-UV/pre-pack) INK WASHING TRAY PNEUMATIC ON/OFF AUTOMATIC INK ROLLER CLEANING – twin nozzles SHEET DECURLER AIR BLOWER ABOVE DELIVERY PILE ANTI-STATIC BAR AT DELIVERY DELIVERY SHEET ANTI-DEVIATION DEVICE AUTOMATIC LUBRICATION ON DELIVERY CHAIN GUIDE DELIVERY AREA SENSOR DELIVERY PILE EXTRACTION – DRIVE SIDE FIXED ROLLERS – A, B & C INTERCOM H-UV DRYER PREPARATION Technotrans Beta.c 280G Alcosmart, digidos.p 150C, FZT 120P. Conductivity display for Beta.c pH value display for Beta.c • PDC-SX (Print Density Control – Spectrophotometer and Automatic Register Control) • KID (Komori Info-Service Display) • Baldwin Ozone-Free Metal Halide H-UV System, including: - 1x H-UV LED – end of press - 1x H-UV LED – before perfecting unit • Technotrans Beta.c 280G • Technotrans external cooling system (installation excluded) • A-APC – Asynchronous Automatic Plate Changing • A-APC / Automatic Blanket Cleaner Parallel Control for GL-40 • K-PressNavi • DC Blowers • Special Ink Misting Cover on All Units

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, For sale: 4-10 cubic meter skip loader with a flap Product description: For sale is a 4-10 cubic meter skip loader with a flap, manufactured according to DIN 30720-1, ideal for the transport and storage of waste, bulk materials, or industrial materials. The container is robust, safe, and ready for immediate use. Technical specifications: * Standard: Technical description 30720-1 * Base: 6 mm, steel S355 * Sides: 4 mm, steel S355 * All sheets and profiles are welded * Corner reinforcements * Double-sided 3-point tilting bearing (pin Ø45) x 2 – simple and safe emptying * Stacking rail: 5 mm * Securing rail * Frame edges: U 100 x 50 x 4 mm * Frame edges flap: U 100 x 50 x 4 / 100 x 50 x 6 mm * Information and warning stickers: white and red Itodpozmhuyjfx Afvok * Color: entire RAL color palette available * Coating: zinc phosphate primer inside and outside, painted with synthetic resin paint outside (80–100 μ) * Certificate: CE * Warranty: 2 years Advantages: * Robust construction for heavy materials * Easy handling thanks to the flap and sturdy hinges * Stackable and transportable with tipping truck systems * Weatherproof due to corrosion-resistant coating

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 28440, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 42,900 h, Max. cylinder revolutions: 50,000/hour, cylinder circumference: 1,240 mm, web width: 1,905 mm, pages per web: 64, consisting of: roll changer CONTIWEB FD-H33, year of manufacture: 2013, serial no.: FDC-18-206R, max. roll weight: 3,750 kg, incl. automatic paper roll feeder, paper infeed device, 4 double printing units (with APL system, image control, anti-emulsification system, BALDWIN blanket washer, blanket washing system, automatic ink fountain washing system, ink supply system, color register control MANROLAND), dampening system TECHNOTRANS Delta 400, paper catch device BALDWIN S18, hot air dryer CONTIWEB EcoSet with integrated afterburner (length: 17.3 m), cooling rollers, single-lane folding unit, cut register control MANROLAND for 5 lanes, lane blocker ELTEX & IONTIS, folding unit (2:5:5, with 2 A4 spreads and 2 transverse folds), control panel, switch cabinets, various accessories, plate bending machine, gluing system PLANATOL 9NET with 7 applicator heads, further processing GÄMMERLER, consisting of: Line 1: consisting of: 1 corner and curve combination, 1 vertical conveyor, 1 infeed station with Maku diverter, 1 press station PS 300, serial no.: 10714/2013, 1 double-deck rotary shear RS 254/530, serial no.: 10737/2013, 1 corner and curve combination EM 271, serial no.: 10740/2013, 1 rotary shear RS 154/530, serial no.: 10736/2013, 1 vertical conveyor FS260, serial no.: 10730/2013, 1 rod stacker SH 700, serial no.: 10672/2013, 1 rod line, 1 vertical conveyor, 1 package outfeed KL 560, serial no.: 10680/2013, 1 blocker VM 500, serial no.: 10742/2013, 2 strapping machines (cross strapping) MOSCA Sonixs TRI, year of manufacture: 2013, serial no.: 105758/105759, 1 package line, 1 curve transfer, 1 corner and curve combination, Line 2: consisting of: 1 curve, 1 vertical conveyor, 1 infeed station with Maku diverter, 1 press station PS300, 1 curve transfer, 1 belt diverter, 1 package outfeed KL 560, serial no.: 10681/2013, 1 curve, 1 rod stacker SH 700, serial no.: 10684/2013, 1 rod line, 1 package destacking station, consisting of: 1 handling robot KUKA KR 300 PA, year of manufacture: 2013, serial no.: 994161, weight: 1,940 kg, max. payload: 300 kg, reach: 3,150 mm, 1 package gripper GRAMATEC CL600, year of manufacture: 2013, serial no.: S15738, 1 rod gripper GÄMMERLER, serial no.: 10758-2013, 2 destacking stations, 1 automatic pallet feeder. Itsdpfx Aezqzbzjfvok

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, SM 52-4H 1999 year CPC 1-04 Millions circa 140mios Itedpfxsw Ivqae Afvek ALCOLOR dampening MG Electric refrigirator Autoplate Ink roller wash-up device Blanket wash-up device Grafix Alphatronic 200 powder spray HEIDELBERG IR dryer High pile delivery Free of damages Grippers changed 2021, feeder renewed 2021.

Condition: used, GTOVP 52 4-colour offset press Iedpfoyv D D Ssx Afvetk Sheet size 360x520 mm Detailed info coming.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, Our Polly Prestige 674+L machine for sale! Features: Year of manufacture: 2005 6 printing units and one varnishing unit Max paper size: 520 x 740 mm (B2) Number of impressions: 55 million Alcohol dampening Technotrans system High delivery and non-stop feeder Graficontrol (register, ink zone, dampening) Autoplate Washer (ink rollers) Grafix IR dryer Powder spray system Techkon densito connected to the control panel CIP 4 system Supplied with plate punch and bender The machine has not been in production for a year; according to my tests, the rubber rollers are in 60% condition. The cylinders are undamaged. Testing is possible; however, there is no longer staff or auxiliary materials for printing, so only a paper-feed test is available. Itodpfx Afoypardevjk The machine is located in Hungary.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Format: 750 x 600 mm (29.53 Zoll x 23 Itedpfx Afoy Agg Ajvjk Equipment: Ryobi PCS-H Printing Control System Ryobi RPC Semiautomatic Plate Changer Ryobimatic AAC Dampening Automatic blanket cleaning device

Year of construction: 2020, condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, DESCRIPTION/FEATURES: 5-color offset printing press for labels, with an inline flexo unit and die-cutting. The machine is equipped with: • Unwinding unit • BST web guide • UV LED drying (5) • Turning bar • Offset units: 5 • Flexographic unit • BST registration camera • Automatic washing system • for ink rollers • Automatic plate loading system • Semi-rotary die-cutting unit with magnetic cylinder • Rewinding unit with slitting (blades) Iodpfxjzrxdpj Afvetk • (shearing) • Inking console + CIP 3 for automatic color adjustment • Cooling unit for ink fountains • CCD plate punching table • Automatic registration

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Inking unit/numbering unit for Heidelberg SM 52 offset printing machine, including numbering device shaft and 4 numbering units with forward counter plus cross perforation. Isdjyvftajpfx Afvjtk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Film coating machine Ryobimatic PCS-H remote control for color Technotrans alpha.d cooling system Iedpfezqyr Ejx Afvstk Coating unit with Baldwin IR dryer Grafix Digit. 3000 powder application unit Double sheet detection system, electric Slant sheet and side guide detection Semi-automatic plate changer All washing systems Strip feeder Non-stop delivery Stenz envelope feeder Compressors

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1996, KBA 104-5P, Auto wash, auto plate, IR dryer, 1996 year Iedpfx Afeyi T Ncjvetk Format: max - 72x104 cm min - 28x42 cm max speed 15000 per hour weight approx 49 tons dimensions 11x4.3x2.3 m

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 106 h, functionality: fully functional, color channels: 5-colour with coater, paper width (min.): 585 mm, paper width (max.): 740 mm, Great XL 75 machine in excellent condition and equipment Lacquer tower (chamber blade system) Prinect Axis Control Prinect Press Center with remote control for ink zones, ink ducts, and circumferential, lateral, and diagonal register with Job Memory Card and touch screen Alcolor Vario film dampening units with recirculation and cooling CombiStar ink unit temperature control (water-cooled) Autoplate XL fully automatic simultaneous plate changing system (plate change in 1 minute for 5 plates!!) Preset automatic format adjustment automatic ink roller cleaning device Iodpfxsx S Npfs Afvetk automatic blanket and impression cylinder cleaning device Grafix powder sprayer IR dryer DryStar 2000 Extended high pile delivery Standard accessories

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 64 h, functionality: fully functional, color channels: 5, paper width (min.): 375 mm, paper width (max.): 520 mm, - Ryobi PCS-H - Turning ratio: 2:3 / 5:0 - RYOBI semi-automatic plate changer - IR dryer - Grafix Digital 3000 powdering machine - Electronic side guide control - Electronic double sheet detection - Ultrasonic double sheet detection - High-stack delivery - Sheet jogger Iodozduu Ujpfx Afvstk - Automatic blanket washing system