Used Trumpf Trumatic 240 for sale (376)

Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 19,392 h, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 1683, (Beam in), TRUMPF CNC control, X-axis: 3,000 mm, Y-axis: 1,500 mm, laser power: 5 kW, loading and unloading table, chip/part conveyor. Bodpfx Aoy T Ny Tjbwedc

Year of construction: 2010, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: B0605A0061, Control system: TRUMPF CNC, X-axis: approx. 500 cm, pressing force: 400 t, working length: 5,050 mm, weight: 34,000 kg. Bodpfx Aboy T Nytjwsdc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, machine/vehicle number: B0505A0232, operating hours: 22,320 h, (Hydraulic system activated), manufacturing number: F1028-F, pressing force: max. 170 t, stroke: max. 445 mm, operating pressure: max. 300 bar, weight: 12,200 kg, control system: TRUMPF CNC, X-axis: 3,000 mm, angle sensor. Bjdpey T Nyysfx Abwedc

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, TruBend 5130, including Toolmaster, manufactured in 2017. 130 tons, 3 meters. Bdedpfx Aoy Tmnhjbwec

Condition: repair required (used), functionality: limited functionality, Year of construction: 2014, TRUMPF TruLaser 5030 fiber Year of manufacture: 2014 5,000 Watt TruDisk 5001 Siemens 840D SL Special price due to site closure / insolvency Update 05/27/2026: The machine has been thoroughly cleaned. It is in considerably better condition than can be seen in the photographs. For sale is a used TRUMPF TruLaser 5030 fiber from 2014. The machine was in continuous productive use until 2025 and, according to the previous owner, operated without any known problems. Subsequently, the system was shut down for approximately one year as part of an insolvency and was no longer operated. Currently, the machine is not connected and therefore cannot be demonstrated. Ideal machine for a buyer who wants to refurbish, clean, connect and put the system back into operation themselves. For this purpose, the machine is available at an exceptionally attractive special price. Extremely affordable. Purchase price in 2014 was approximately EUR 300,000. Technical data Manufacturer: TRUMPF Model: TruLaser 5030 fiber Year of manufacture: 2014 Machine type: Laser cutting system Laser source: TRUMPF TruDisk 5001 solid-state laser Laser power: 5,000 W Control system: Siemens 840D SL Working area / max. sheet size: 3,050 x 1,550 mm Travel range X-axis: 3,000 mm Travel range Y-axis: 1,500 mm Travel range Z-axis: 116 mm Rapid traverse: 280 m/min Max. workpiece weight: 900 kg Max. sheet thickness: 10 - 25 mm according to documentation Operating voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 12,000 kg Installation dimensions L x W x H: approx. 9,500 x 6,300 x 2,500 mm Color: gray / blue Cabin: Protective cabin Equipment TRUMPF TruDisk 5001 solid-state laser Laser cooling unit Cooling unit for system Universal cutting head Multi-chamber extraction system Light barriers Electric roll-up roof Hydraulically adjustable pallet changer Protective cabin Notes on condition Machine currently not connected Test run currently not possible Operating hours could not be read out Machine was idle for approximately one year due to insolvency Connection cable to the main power supply has been cut, must be replaced Machine, cooler and extraction system should be cleaned and technically inspected Bdedpfjy Tmcxex Abwec Filters / maintenance should be renewed or carried out before recommissioning Machine documentation is not completely available according to the expert opinion, but the manuals can be quickly obtained digitally Positive aspects Cutting head was renewed in 04/2021 Machine was in use until 2025 Very interesting basis for self-refurbishment Remarkable special price possible Sale Location: Germany Availability: immediately Price: on request / special price Condition: used, currently not demonstrable Sale from location, as inspected Errors, prior sale and technical changes reserved.

Condition: excellent (used), Trumpf TruTool C160- 2 Plus electric slitting shear Bdedjuhm Rbjpfx Abwjc Shears very good condition.

Condition: excellent (used), TruTool PN 200 electric hand cutting machine Product features The new TruTool PN 200 vibrating shear is mainly used for cutting C-L-U sections, trapezoidal sheet metal, etc. components. The device with a short tool for processing sheet metal with a profile depth of up to 85 mm and for C-L-U sections. Also for corrugated sheet metal. Ideal for hard-to-reach places. The working direction can be adjusted 360° easily and without tools in 45-degree steps. Minimized set-up time Replacement of punch and yoke without interruption and without tools. Unmatched speed Fast and efficient, 2.1 meters per minute at 400 N/mm2 structural steel. Bjdpfxeuhm E So Abwjdc Application: Trapezoidal sheet metal For cutting profiles up to 86 mm deep and 132.5 / 40 mm wide. For straight and diagonal cuts. Profiles For cutting C-L-U profiles. Corrugated sheet For cutting and slitting. For bevel cuts and internal and radial cuts. - MAXIMUM SHEET THICKNESSES: - MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF 400 N/MM² STEEL SHEET: 2 mm. - MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF STEEL 600 N/MM²: 1.5 mm - MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF STEEL SHEET 800 N/MM²: 1 mm - MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF SHEET METAL MADE OF ALUMINUM UP TO 250 N/MM²: 3 mm - RADIANCES: - LOWEST RADIUS: 50 mm - GENERAL INFORMATION: - OPERATING SPEED: 2.1 m/min. - NUMBER OF SHAKES AT NOMINAL LOAD: 1500 1/min. - INITIAL HOLE DIAMETER: 24 mm - RATED POWER CONSUMPTION: 550 W

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1989, For sale: TRUMPF MINIMATIC 100 punching machine. Lightly used, in excellent condition, and comes with many tools. The machine is connected and can be tested. We can provide training on how to use the machine; all instructions are available. Specifications: Make: TRUMPF MINIMATIC 100 Made in: Germany Year: 1989 Bdodey Udrmepfx Abwoc Capacity: 15 T / 150 kN Other: Automatic 9-tool changer Weight: 5T If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to ask.

Condition: used, #200112 Trumpf OW200/S (16-piece) 86.00° R4.00 / H=218.30 / 800 kN/m Segment lengths: 2x 25 mm 1x 30 mm 1x 40 mm 2x 100 mm (reduced body 70 mm, 1x left / 1x right) 5x 200 mm 5x 300 mm Total length: 2820 mm ----- #200113 Trumpf OW201/S (18-piece) 86.00° R1.00 / H=220.00 / 800 kN/m Segment lengths: 2x 25 mm 1x 30 mm 1x 35 mm 1x 40 mm 1x 45 mm 1x 50 mm 3x 100 mm (2x reduced body 70 mm, 1x left / 1x right) 1x 200 mm 7x 300 mm Total length: 2850 mm ----- #200117 Trumpf OW200/S (18-piece) 86.00° R1.00 / H=220.00 / 800 kN/m Segment lengths: 18x 100 mm Total length: 1800 mm ----- #200118 Trumpf OW/S (28-piece) 86.00° R1.00 / H=220.00 / 400 kN/m Segment lengths: 4x 25 mm 2x 30 mm 1x 35 mm 2x 40 mm 1x 45 mm 1x 50 mm 4x 100 mm 5x 200 mm 8x 300 mm Total length: 4170 mm ----- #200119 Trumpf OW200/S (25-piece) 86.00° R4.00 / H=218.30 / 800 kN/m Segment lengths: 2x 25 mm 1x 30 mm 1x 35 mm 1x 40 mm 3x 100 mm (2x reduced body 70 mm, 1x left / 1x right) 10x 200 mm 7x 300 mm Total length: 4555 mm ----- #200120 Trumpf OW203/S (19-piece) 60.00° R4.00 / H=220.00 / 1300 kN/m Segment lengths: 2x 25 mm 1x 30 mm 1x 35 mm 1x 40 mm 1x 45 mm Bedpfxoy Anyds Abwsdc 1x 50 mm 2x 100 mm (reduced body 70 mm, left/right) 5x 200 mm 5x 300 mm Total length: 2950 mm

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2008, Trumpf TruPunch 2020 Bjdpfx Absy S Adpjwodc

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2005, We have a variety of cooling units and extraction systems in stock for TRUMPF laser cutting machines! Are you experiencing problems with your cooling unit or extraction system? Then please contact us! We have cooling units in stock for all common CO2 lasers, regardless of whether they are 3.2 kW, 4 kW, 5 kW, or 6 kW. We also have extraction systems in stock for all common CO2 lasers, regardless of whether they are for L 2530, L 3030, L 4030, L 3050, L 4050, etc. Bedpfxewww Dns Abwodc We also stock all other spare parts, such as driver stages, MECOS magnetic bearing electronics, Dias Plus PC, TASC, Lanny valves, Siemens Sinumerik components, NCU, E/R module, and many more!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, CNC press brake, 6 axes - Pressing force: 1,300 kN - Bending length: 3,060 mm Bedox S H Uxepfx Abwedc - Number of axes: 6 programmable (X1, X2, R1, R2, Z1, Z2) - Y-axis rapid traverse: 200 mm/s - Y-axis working speed: 11 mm/s - Y-axis return: 135 mm/s - Travel speeds: X - 500 mm/s, R - 300 mm/s, Z - 1,000 mm/s - X-axis travel: 600 mm - Max. back gauge range X: 860 mm - R-axis travel: 250 mm - Y-axis stroke: 365 mm - Installation height: 535 mm - Y-axis tilt: ±10 mm - Bending length: 3,060 mm - Clear distance between uprights: 2,690 mm - Throat depth: 410 mm - Table width: 120 mm - Working height: 1,050 mm - Oil capacity: 250 l Dimensions: Width: 3,640 mm, Depth: 2,210 mm, Height: 2,885 mm Weight: 12,950 kg The machine can be inspected under power!

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2010, laser power: 3,000 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 20 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 15 mm, table length: 3,000 mm, table width: 1,500 mm, TRUMPF TruLaser 5030 3kW Fiber with LiftMaster! Laser head replaced in 2024 TECHNICAL DETAILS Table length: 3,000 mm Table width: 1,500 mm Cutting heads: 1 Sheet thickness mild steel: 20 mm Sheet thickness stainless steel: 15 mm Sheet thickness aluminium: 15 mm Sheet thickness copper: 4 mm Sheet thickness brass: 3 mm Laser power: 3,000 W Laser model: TruDisk3001 (4C) MACHINE DETAILS Control type: CNC Last documented maintenance: 10-12 Sept 2025 Operating hours (as of 09/2025): 53,082 h (currently approx. 54,000 h) Dimensions & Weight Space requirement: 9,300 x 4,700 x 2,200 mm Bdedpoy Rkz Hjfx Abwoc Machine weight: 12,700 kg Electrical connection: 40 kVA / 80 A Electrical power consumption: 23 - 33 kW EQUIPMENT CE documentation and manuals LiftMaster Automatic nozzle changer Extraction system Operating manual Chiller + extraction system Compressor not included Note: Transporting the machine requires 1 standard truck and 1 truck with a width of 3m.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, 3 kW resonator power Bjdpfeyxc Afex Abwsdc

Year of construction: 2003, operating hours: 69,600 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Used TRUMPF-PULZER CNC35L tube bending machine We are offering a used TRUMPF-PULZER CNC35L tube bending machine for sale. Technical data: Manufacturer: TRUMPF-PULZER Type: CNC35L Machine No.: 837 Year of manufacture: 2003 Electrical connection values: Voltage: 400 V / 3~ Frequency: 50 Hz Current consumption: 21 A Connected power: 14 kVA Bending capacity: Bending direction: Left-hand Suitable for tubes made of steel, stainless steel and non-ferrous metals Maximum tube dimensions: Ø 35 x 2 mm with a bending radius of R = 2 x D Tube feed length: approx. 3,000 mm Equipment: Mandrel bending device Dimensions and weight Installation dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 5,550 x 2,520 x 1,560 mm Machine weight: approx. 2,500 kg Description: The TRUMPF-PULZER CNC35L is a robust and proven CNC tube bending machine for the precise processing of steel, stainless steel and non-ferrous metal tubes. Thanks to the integrated mandrel bending device, the machine is particularly suitable for demanding bending tasks with high quality requirements. The machine dates from 2003 and is offered in used condition. Bdedpfezaqm Tjx Abwjc If you are interested or would like further information, please do not hesitate to contact us. Inspections are possible by arrangement.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 27,169 h, Hydraulic Press Brake Make: TRUMPF Model: TrumaBend V130 Year: 2000 Technical Data Brand: TRUMPF Model: TrumaBend V130 Year of manufacture: 2000 Operating hours: 27,169 h (read off) Press force: 130 t Bending length: 3050 mm Stroke: 365 mm Operating pressure: 340 bar Dimensions: approx. L 3.80 x W 2.40 x H 2.95 m Weight: approx. 13 t Bdjdey Ryfujpfx Abwoc Equipment • Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, R • Movable support arms • CNC controlled crowning • Delem 2D graphical control • Hydraulic upper tool clamping • Pneumatic die displacement • Upper tool: straight 28°, R1.0, H 140mm, L = 3,050mm, segmented • Die V12/30°, R1, H 100mm, L = 3,000mm, segmented • Die V30/80°, R5, H 100mm, L = 3,000mm (6x500) • Die V60/80°, R5, H 100mm, L = 3,000mm (6x500) All information without guarantee. A demonstration under power is possible at any time in our showroom.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, TruBend 5085 press brake Bsdpfxsy Shc Do Abwodc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, TruBend 5050 Bdedpjy Shcdefx Abwec

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 31,623 h, laser power: 4,000 W, working length: 3,000 mm, working width: 1,500 mm, year of last overhaul: 2026, Machine Configuration: Standard Equipment: Machine - Working area: 3000 × 1500 mm - Enclosed machine frame - Longitudinal conveyor belt - Motion unit for high-precision processing - Gantry drive in combination with linear direct drives - Cooling unit for machine and laser (water-air) - Work area lighting - Positioning laser diode - Spray device - Automatic nozzle cleaning - Integrated control cabinets - Integrated cabinet - Enclosed beam guidance via laser light cable (LLK) - Machine status light - Ambient operating temperature 5 to 40 °C - Transport and assembly device TRUMPF Laser - Excitation via pump diodes - Laser power control Bdsdpfxey Sivfs Abwsc Cutting unit - Single-head cutting strategy - Universal cutting unit with adaptive lens system - Protective glass - Online condition monitoring of protective glass Control - Fast reproduction - SINUMERIK 840D SL control - Ergonomic control panel with 21.5″ wide-screen multi-touch color display - Integrated technology data - Auto shut-off - Programmable selection of cutting gas/pressure - Microweld - Remote support interface - Production planning - Multi-sheet processing - Condition Guide - Cutting Guide Functions - AdjustLine - ControlLine - FastLine - FlyLine - FocusLine - NitroLine - PierceLine - Copper cutting package - Brass cutting package Data transmission - USB interface - RJ-45 network interface - Central Link - Online Update Manager Safety - CE marking - Light barriers - Multi-chamber extraction system - Machine paneling with certified viewing window, right door Extended Standard Equipment - Compact dust extractor - Support slats made of construction steel - Network installation via remote support Extended Machine Equipment Extended Laser Equipment - External solid-state laser TruDisk 4001 with 1 LLK output Additional Machine Functions - Drop&Cut - Integrated camera 1 for process monitoring Additional Cutting Packages - Highspeed Eco cutting package Extended Machine Equipment - Dust protection for device panel Data transmission - Wireless Operation Point Availability: approx. 6–8 weeks after receipt of order, at the earliest end of June 2026 Price: on request Current location: TRUMPF Reconditioning Facility Netherlands The machine is currently undergoing reconditioning!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, Hydraulic Press Brake Make: TRUMPF Model: TruBend 5170 Very good condition, year 2016 The machine is from first ownership and was used only very little in a small operation. The metalworking company is closing due to retirement. Therefore, all tooling (see photos) will also be included in the sale. The machine is located near Stuttgart and is expected to be loaded in week 25/26. Technical Data Manufacturer: TRUMPF Model: TruBend 5170 Year of manufacture: 2016 Working length: 3230 mm Pressing force: 170 t Bdjdpfxey Rngms Abwjc Weight: 12,200 kg Connected load: 28 KVA Clear gap between uprights: 2690 mm Throat depth: 420 mm Table width: 180 mm Installation height: 615 mm Stroke: 445 mm Upper tool height: 110 – 390 mm Ram closing speed: 220 mm/s Dimensions (LxWxH): 5.10 x 1.90 (+ 0.8 m) x 3.05 m Weight: 12.2 t + tooling package Equipment: - Control: TRUMPF TASC 6000, 15" TFT display - Interfaces: parallel, RS 232, USB, Ethernet - 2 adjustable support arms - 1 CNC-controlled bending aid incl. park position right - Electrically closable rear safety guard - CNC-controlled crowning - Pneumatic die shifting - Hydraulic tool clamping upper and lower incl. front LED lighting - Controlled axes: Y1, Y2, X, X1 R, Z1, Z2 - BendGuard light curtain (for 220 mm/s) - Documentation - Very large tooling package as per photos, incl. adapter for Amada tooling system All information without guarantee. The machine is still in the seller's premises near Stuttgart and can be inspected under power by arrangement. This is a very small business that is now closing due to retirement.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, pressing force: 320 t, installation height: 615 mm, control type: CNC control, Bending length [mm] 4220.00 Press force [tons] 320 Control unit TRUMPF TASC 6000 Hydraulic hours [h] 53,030 Standard equipment: - Rigid machine frame, all-steel welded construction - Press beam with high bending strength - Spherical mounting of the press beam with beam tilt capability - Electro-hydraulic top drive with 4-cylinder technology - Proportional valve technology and switchable double pump - Modern block hydraulics with control valves mounted on the cylinder - Electronic pressure scale - Measuring system with centrally mounted glass scales and temperature compensation Bdodpfx Abey Sarqewec - Manual, integrated wedge crowning in the bed - "New Standard Clamping" manual, hardened, self-centring upper tool clamping system for vertical tool change - Lower tool clamping with hydraulic clamping, hardened - Programmable lower tool displacement (pneumatic, 2 positions) - 2-axis backgauge system with rack-and-pinion drive for X and R axes, 2 stop fingers, safely adjustable from the front - Machine control: TASC 6000 - Operator console with LCD keypad, emergency up, down and E-stop foot switch - Safety features: integrated side doors and automatic rear roller cover - Control cabinet cooling - Oil cooler - Modern machine design + 5-axis backgauge system + Hydraulic upper tool clamping + CNC crowning + BendGuard + 2 support consoles + Park position + 1 bending aid + Additional foot switch

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1999, operating hours: 52,324 h, functionality: fully functional, X working area max.: 1270 mm Y working area max.: 1270 mm Bjdey Sat Ujpfx Abwjdc Control: Bosch Type 3 Basic Standard equipment: - Robust C-frame - Safety light barriers - Coordinate guide with integrated linear magazine - 2 clamping claws - Automatic tool changer - Automatic repositioning - Tool length compensation - Forming capability - Mono tool holder with 360° rotation for all tools - Programmable hold-down device - Multitool drive - Punch slug extraction - Brush tables - Part chute 200 x 200 mm, sorting of parts into 2 containers - NC-controlled, digital, maintenance-free three-phase drives - Network interface RJ34 - 3.5" floppy disk drive - TOPS 2000 graphical programming - Online diagnostics via modem - Operating manual + Vibration-damped installation + Multitool + Thread forming + Start post

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, bending force (max.): 85 t, installation height: 615 mm, number of axes: 6, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, safety light barrier, Bending length [mm] 2720 Press force [t] 85 Control unit TRUMPF TASC 6000 Operating hours [h] 45666 Hydraulics on [h] 13762 - Top drive concept in four-cylinder design Y1/Y2 - Electrohydraulic ram drive with proportional valve technology - Ram position measuring system with deflection compensation via glass scales - Modern block-type hydraulics Bsdpfsy Saq Tsx Abwsdc - Spherical suspension and inclined position of the pressure beam - CNC backgauge system - Safe finger adjustment from the front - 2 stop fingers - Self-centering, manual, hardened upper tool holder for vertical tool change - Hardened, manual lower tool clamping - Program-controlled lower tool displacement (I-axis) for 2 positions - Flat front cover - Modern safety guard - CE mark - Oil cooler clamping device - Increased installation height - 6-axis backgauge - Hydraulic upper tool clamping - Hydraulic lower tool clamping - CNC crowning - CNC I-axis - BendGuard - ACB preparation - 2 support consoles

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 44,287 h, functionality: fully functional, X Working area max.: 2500 mm Y Working area max.: 1250 mm Operating hours: 44,287 hours Control system: Bosch PNC-P Standard equipment: Machine - Stable, easily accessible C-frame - Coordinate guide for high-precision machining - Linear magazine with 18 tool positions including 2 clamps - Drives with maintenance-free three-phase motors - Reloading device with programmable hold-down device - Ball tables - Part chute 180 x 150 mm - Automatic shut-off Punching head - Hydraulic punching head - Rotatable mono-tool holder - Programmable hold-down device - Tool length compensation - Punch spray lubrication - Punch slug extraction - Forming Control system - Open control system based on Bosch PNC-P - Control panel with 15" TFT color screen - Program management - Integrated Technology Data - Teleservice Data Transfer - USB Interface and Network Connection Safety - CE Marking - Multi-Beam Light Barriers Bjdpfxjy Sathj Abwodc - Hydraulic Quick Shutdown + Multitool Function + MultiShear Function + MultiBend Function + Thread Forming Function + Marking/Fast Beading Function + Deburring and Rolling Technology Function + Soft Punch Function + Movable Support Table + Part Slide Sensor + Vibration-Dampened Installation + 2nd Stop Pin + Bow Detection

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2003, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser power: 2,700 W, X working area max.: 6500 mm Laser power: 2700 watts Control: SINUMERIK 840D Standard equipment TRUMPF loading unit: - Tube feeder for round, square, and rectangular tubes via buffer section with X-stop for tube lengths min. 3 m and max. 6 m - Semi-finished product length measurement - Transfer unit to the machine - Tube magazine with tube separation, alignment, and transfer to tube feeder, max. bundle weight 4000 kg - Good parts removal up to max. 3,000 mm with chip conveyor - Additional tube supports - Tube handling unit: Rotating and feed station: Rotating clamping unit with pneumatically actuated clamping jaws for tube lengths up to 6000 mm and tube diameters of d = 20 - 150 mm, 2 clamping ranges: d = 20 - 85 mm and d = 85 - 150 mm - Carriage unit with linear guidance - Feed station with motor drive, including connection for extraction - Tube support: Between tube support and Bjdsy Sanrjpfx Abwodc traverse chuck, five automatically retractable support elements with form shells are provided - Traverse chuck: With a passage of d = 150 mm - The tubes are positioned via the clamping jaws centrally in the Y and Z axes relative to the rotational axis for the cutting process - 2 sets of clamping jaws for round, square, and rectangular tubes (simple design), clamping range 20 - 85 mm, 85 - 150 mm - Good part removal (unloading cabin for round and rectangular tubes) - Sorting options: 2 finished parts (front and rear), 1 flat - Scrap conveyor; programmable sorting; max. scrap length 300 mm (collection container, scrap belt) - Finished part length up to 3000 mm can be automatically unloaded (front and rear) Safety equipment: - Compact extraction unit Filter system designed for the separation of airborne particles produced during laser cutting of metals - Light barrier: Loading area secured by light barriers - Protective cabin: In the area of the cutting head, a Macrolon sheet metal combination is installed for laser radiation protection - Chip conveyor: Conveyor belt for discharging cut remnants - Operating manual