Used Emco Turn for sale (147)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Offered here is a machining center from the manufacturer Emco Famup equipped with a 4th axis and tailstock. The machine will be loaded onto a truck free of charge. Manufacturer: Emco Famup Model: EmcoMill E900 Year of manufacture: 2008 Control: Siemens Sinumerik 810D - ShopMill Technical data: Travel paths X-Y-Z: 900x500x500 mm Rapid traverse X-Y-Z: 24 m/min A-axis travel range: 360*0.001° Clamping surface of table: 1000x520 mm Max. workpiece weight: 800 kg Fpjdpexrvrdjfx Aftsr Minimum distance between vertical spindle and table: 100 mm Maximum distance between vertical spindle and table: 600 mm Tool magazine: 30 positions Tool holder: ISO 40 DIN69871 Spindle speed: max. 12,000 rpm Spindle power: 13 kW Coolant supply through spindle: 15 bar (IKZ - CTS) Total weight: approx. 5 t Dimensions: approx. 4000x2400x2900 mm

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 40 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: F9B192402, feed length X-axis: 450 mm, feed length Y-axis: 350 mm, feed length Z-axis: 400 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, quill travel distance: 80 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 5 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 5 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 5 m/min, total height: 1,990 mm, total width: 2,030 mm, total length: 1,980 mm, table width: 270 mm, table length: 400 mm, type of input current: three-phase, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 10 rpm, table load: 450 kg, overall weight: 2,270 kg, input voltage: 400 V, workpiece weight (max.): 450 kg, input current: 16 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Immediately available stock machine from our showroom in Trencin (SK). EMCOMAT FB 450 equipped with Siemens Sinumerik 828D control. DEMO machine in "AS NEW" condition, ready for immediate delivery. We are happy to prepare an individual quotation for you. Visit us to inspect and test the machine under power. Working range X450/Y350/Z400 mm Table size 800 x 400 mm Drive power 7/10 kW Stepless speed range 10–5000 rpm SIEMENS Sinumerik 828D Universal toolroom milling and drilling machine featuring the advanced Sinumerik 828D system and hydraulic tool clamping. Working range X450/Y350/Z400 mm Drive power 7/10 kW Spindle speed 10–5000 rpm Feed rate 10–2000 mm/min Rapid traverse up to 5000 mm/min Machining accuracy as per DIN 8615 Tool clamping: DIN 69871 SK40 Features: - Linear guides - Ball screws - Vertical milling head swivels +/-90° with 80 mm quill travel - Swivel device for vertical head - Hydraulic tool clamping - Coolant system Fpodpfx Ajxapdcjfter - LED machine lighting - Rigid angle table 800x400 mm - Chip tray - Automatic central lubrication - Operating tools supplied - Documentation in Czech and English - Sinumerik 828D available in Czech, German, and English - 15" multi-touch display - Includes control package for 3 axes with ball screws and servo motors - Machining cycles with graphical support: - Drilling, deep drilling, reaming - Thread cutting (with length compensation) on pitch circles and in line of holes - Rectangular and circular pocketing - Slotting cycle - Dwell cycle - USB interface, etc.

Condition: excellent (used), EMCO Model E 900 Fsdpspgng Hefx Aftspr Control type SIEMENS SINUMERIK 810 D Table dimensions 1000 x 520 mm Linear guides ✓ Travel X-axis 900 mm Y-axis travel 500 mm Travel Z-axis 500 mm Axes 3 Spindle speed 12,000 rpm Spindle mounting ISO 40 - DIN 69871 Tool magazine 20 places Coolant supply through the spindle ✓ Spindle motor power 13 kw Year 2017 CE machine ✓ Overall dimensions 2570 x 2445 x H 2920 mm

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, EMCO Maximat Super 11 – Precision Lathe in Very Good Condition For sale is a used EMCO Maximat Super 11, a robust and precise universal lathe "Made in Austria." This machine is ideally suited for workshops, training centers, or demanding hobbyists who value quality and accuracy. The machine is pre-owned but well-maintained and fully operational. All gear shifts are smooth, the guides are in good condition, and the machine has been regularly serviced. Technical Specifications: Fpodpfxjxqx Nvs After Center height: 140 mm Distance between centers: 600 mm Spindle speed range: 55 – 2200 rpm (8 geared steps) Tailstock: MT2 taper Tool holder: Quick-change toolpost Lighting: Integrated LED work light Weight: approx. 360 kg Dimensions (L × H × W): approx. 1.3 m × 1.2 m × 0.6 m Condition & Accessories: Machine runs quietly with low vibration Tailstock is smooth and easy to adjust with high precision Quick-change toolpost included LED work light for optimal visibility Various clamping devices or tools can be purchased additionally upon request (by arrangement) Price: The price is within a reasonable range and negotiable. Open for price discussions upon serious interest. Miscellaneous: Collection preferred, viewing by appointment possible Machine can be shown under power

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Machine used for training purposes Emco E 65, year of manufacture 2005, control Siemens 840 D, travel X/Z 210/610 mm, maximum bar capacity Ø 65 mm, driven tools, C axis, Fodpfx Ajwv N Susftepr main spindle up to 4,200 rpm, 12-position turret, VDI 30 tool holder, tailstock, chip conveyor, coolant system, oil mist extraction,

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: F4N K5 105, Emco FB5; year of manufacture 1997; accessories: sub-spindle head + approx. 10 pcs SK 40 tool holders; Prototrac control Fodpfexqf Ewsx Aftspr

Condition: good (used), Offered here is a machining center from the manufacturer Emco Famup. The machine will be loaded onto a truck free of charge. Manufacturer: Emco Famup Model: EmcoMill E900 Year of manufacture: 2010 Control: Siemens Sinumerik 810D - ShopMill Technical data: Travel X-Y-Z: 900x500x500 mm Rapid traverse X-Y-Z: 24 m/min Table clamping surface: 1000x520 mm Max. workpiece weight: 800 kg Fpjdjxrvg Uopfx Aftor Minimum distance between vertical spindle and table: 100 mm Maximum distance between vertical spindle and table: 600 mm Tool magazine: 30 positions Tool holder: ISO 40 DIN69871 Spindle speed: max. 12,000 rpm Spindle power: 13 kW Coolant supply through spindle: 15 bar (IKZ - CTS) Total weight: approx. 5 t Dimensions: approx. 4000x2400x2900 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 11,261 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: M-077.084.07, empty load weight: 4,800 kg, Equipment: chip conveyor, MACHINE DETAILS Weight: 4,800 kg Operating Hours Spindle hours: 11,261 h Fsdpjxpvwzjfx Aftspr Control system on hours: 125,668 h EQUIPMENT Conveyor belt (FAMUP 405-1498-1, 352 kg)

Condition: new, Machine according to DIN 8605: lathe with increased accuracy. Tip width: 700 mm Peak height: 170 mm Circulating diameter over bed: 340 mm Circulating diameter over flat slide: 190 mm Bed width: 260 mm Laengs schlitten: 600 mm Shifting path cross slide: 220 mm Shifting path upper slide: 110 mm Flat slide: 410 mm Flat slide width: 150 mm Guide load-length bed slide: 380 mm Rotary chisel cross-section: 20x20 mm Fodpfjdctnbsx Aftspr Center of rotation distance - Upper slide: 34 mm Swing range upper slide (Support): 60/120° Main spindle: Spindle connection DIN 55029 (Camlock): S 5 Spindle bore: 50 mm Inner cone according to DIN 7178: 1:22 Spindle diameter in the front bearing: dia. 70 mm Max chuck diameter: 200 mm Max. washer diameter: 200 mm Spindle speeds: 40-3000 rpm Speed control: Stepless mechanical speed levels: 4 Main drive: Power at 40% ED: 5.3 kW Max rated torque a. d.Main spindle: 640 Nm Feed: 20 (28) Laengsvorschuebe Z: 0.045-0.787 mm/U 20 (28) Plan vorschuebe X: 0.023-0.406 mm/U Thread: 20 (28) metric thread (basic): 0.4 - 7.0 mm 32 inch thread (with option Raed replacement D3Z200): 56 - 4 Gg/inch 28 Module thread (with option Raed replacement D3Z200): 0.2 - 3.5 32 diam. Pitch thread (with option Raed replacement D3Z200): 112 - 8 Tailstock: Pinole diameter: 50 mm Indoor cone of the pinole: MK 3 Pinole stroke: 120 mm Side adjustment: x 13 mm Zulessige Werkstueckweights

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2010, functionality: not functional, machine/vehicle number: M-075.068.10, feed length X-axis: 750 mm, feed length Y-axis: 500 mm, feed length Z-axis: 640 mm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 50 rpm, table width: 520 mm, table length: 900 mm, CNC milling machine Emco MC 75/50 Machine no.: M-075.068.10 Year of manufacture: 2010 includes 30 SK40 tool holders with pull studs Fpsdpfxjxn Hy Ro Aftsr includes 4th rotary axis includes various tools and holders includes coolant concentrate ATTENTION: Machine is being sold as needing repair. The machine control is defective: Heidenhain MC420 includes documentation and operating manual sold without guarantee or warranty

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, Magnetic chuck (instead of collet chuck) Max. turning diameter 400 mm Main spindle speed 0-4,000 rpm Max. workpiece length 200 mm Travel X = 960, Y = +/- 90, 400 mm TOOL TURRET 12 driven stations VDI 40 chuck Speed 0-4,000 rpm Fjdpewcdytofx Aftspr Parts feeding via shuttle (included) Two machines are available

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, x-travel: 380 mm y-travel: 140 mm quill stroke: 40 mm Fpjdjua E Naepfx After table-size: 630 x 150 mm spindle taper MT: 2 voltage: 380/400 V

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 700 mm, feed length Y-axis: 500 mm, feed length Z-axis: 500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,150 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 63 rpm, quill stroke: 100 mm, quill travel distance: 100 mm, total height: 2,120 mm, total width: 2,220 mm, total length: 2,150 mm, overall weight: 2,550 kg, As-new Emco FB6 milling machine (conventional) for sale. We purchased the machine in 2018 from a training workshop and have used it for only about 15 hours since then. (We acquired a 5-axis machining center for angular work...) We are selling the machine due to lack of space. The machine is in perfect condition and ready for immediate operation. Age-appropriate signs of use. The machine was manufactured in 2011. All technical details can be found in the attached photo. All tool holders shown in the photo are included, excluding the rack and the collets installed in the machine. The dividing head on the table is not included either. Fpodpfxexga Sds Aftsr You are welcome to inspect the machine. For buyers from Switzerland, 8.1% VAT will be added to the price.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Emco emcomat FB4 Milling Machine CNC control over X and Y axes by Proto Trak Type AGE 2 Also usable in conventional mode. Fodpfx Ajxc H I Rsftepr SK40 spindle taper Spindle speeds: 50-2500 rpm X-axis travel: 450 mm Y-axis travel: 300 mm Z-axis travel: 350 mm Table length: 800 mm Table width: 400 mm Equipped with coolant system, emergency stop, and table guard with interlock.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 17,300 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Q4A124301, travel distance X-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 20, TECHNICAL DETAILS Working Area Travel X-axis: 350 mm Travel Y-axis: 250 mm Travel Z-axis: 300 mm Min. distance spindle nose – table: 120 mm Max. distance spindle nose – table: 420 mm Table Clamping surface: 500 x 300 mm T-slots (number/size/pitch): 5x 45x100 mm Max. table load: 100 kg Table – floor distance: 880 mm Spindle Fedpfsxa Arasx Aftjpr Speed range: 50 – 10,000 rpm Spindle motor power (S6): 8.5 kW Spindle torque (S6): 41 Nm Tool holder: ISO 30 Tool Change Number of tool stations: 20 Max. tool diameter: 63 mm (without adjacent tools) Max. tool length: 200 mm Max. tool weight: 5 kg Tool change time: 2.5 s MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 1,600 x 1,700 x 1,980 mm Weight: 1,970 kg Power supply: 9 kVA Operating hours: 17,300 h EQUIPMENT 30 holders 2 Gressel vices Note: The machine will remain powered until 21.09.2025.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, High-performance CNC vertical machining centre with SIEMENS 840 D, 2-fold pallet changer, IKZ, linear guides and 30-fold WZW table size 2 x 1000 x 450 mm tool holder DIN 69871 ISO 40 travel X-axis 1100 mm Y-axis 500 mm Z-axis 640 mm speed range 50 - 10.000 rpm table load 600 kg feed range, X/Y/Z, infinitely variable - 10000 mm/min rapid traverse in all axes 30 m/min Drive power 18,5 kW Fpedpfjd I R E Nsx After Machine dimensions L x W x H approx. 3605 x 3041 x 3220 mm weight approx. 6700 kg Accessories / special features: - CNC-control SIEMENS 840 D - 2-fold pallet changer - 30-fold tool changer - Full protection cabin with safety doors, electrically protected - High speed up to 10.000 rpm and drive power with 18,5 kW - Linear guides with double recirculating roller shoe, allowing high torques to be absorbed uniformly in all directions - Ball screw spindles in all 3-axes - The entire machine bed is made of Meehanit cast iron and ensures precision, rigidity and vibration damping - Tool holder DIN 69871, ISO 40 - Hinged chip conveyor with integrated coolant system - 4th axis already prepared - CE-conform Siegfried Volz Machine Tools Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 D - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, with UniRobot FMB Control: SIEMENS 828D Bed swing: Ø 540 mm Cross slide swing: Ø 360 mm Spindle – tailstock: 680 mm Fedpev S Ekyofx Aftspr Max. turning diameter: Ø 310 mm Max. part length: 520 mm Max. bar diameter: Ø 65 mm Travel: X = 210, Z = 610 mm Max. chuck size: Ø 254 mm Main spindle: 15/18 kW (100%, 60% duty cycle) Speed range: 60 – 4200 rpm continuously variable Max. torque: 192 Nm C-axis Rapid traverse: 1000 rpm TOOL TURRET 12 stations all driven Mounting: VDI 30 Speed range: 0-5000 rpm Max. drive power: 5 kW Max. torque: 20 Nm Automatic tailstock, hydraulic Travel: 500 mm Internal taper: MK 4 FMB MH5L-XP robot cell With Yaskawa Motoman MH 5 L robot Max. payload: 5 kg Max. working radius: 895 mm Weight: 27 kg Working range: S-axis (rotation): -170° ~ +170° L-axis (lower arm): -65° ~ +150° U-axis (upper arm): -138° ~ +255° R-axis (hand roller): -190° ~ +190° B-axis (joint/articulation): -135° ~ +135° T-axis (hand rotation): -360° ~ +360° With coolant system Chip conveyor, extraction system Total weight (machine/robotic): approx. 5300 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, Universal Tool Milling Machine Emco Emcomat FB-450 Linear with Position Indicator – Near-Mint Condition, CE-Compliant!! Technical Data: >> Year of manufacture: 2013 | Machine No.: F9A124962 >> Milling table clamping surface: 800 x 400 mm Fjdpjwycv Iefx Aftjpr T-slots: 8 Slot width: 14 H8 Slot spacing: 50 mm Maximum load: 150 kg >> Infinitely variable spindle speeds: 10–5000 rpm >> Infinitely variable feed rates: 10–5000 mm/min Rapid traverse X-axis: 5000 mm/min >> Travel (X/Y/Z): 450/350/400 mm >> Vertical and horizontal quill – SK40 >> Hydraulic drawbar system >> Quill stroke: 80 mm >> Weight: approx. 2000 kg >> Dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2.5 x 2 x 2 m >> Main drive motor: 10 kW >> Spindle brake >> Technical documentation, spare parts plans, operating manual included >> Hinged safety enclosure >> Coolant system >> Machine lamp >> Dividing head >> Rotary table >> Machine vice >> Steady rest About the Machine: For sale is a Universal Tool Milling Machine Emco Emcomat FB-450 Linear with position display, in near-mint condition. The machine comes from a government operation and was used only occasionally for training purposes. The control system is very user-friendly. Additionally, the machine features hydraulic clamping in both vertical and horizontal operation. Conversion from vertical to horizontal mode is very simple due to the tilting vertical head. The Emco has been mechanically and electrically tested in our workshop. Take advantage of the opportunity to inspect and test the machine under power at our facility.

Year of construction: 1992, condition: new, New driver ISO40 for milling machines FN 20/32/40 Fsdpfx Ask Nk I Noftepr

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2013, Emco emcomat FB-600 CNC milling machine in Nieuwstraat! Fpjdjxc H H Hjpfx Aftor

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Universal Milling Machine Emco C40 Linear with Digital Display and Path Control, Excellent Condition, CE Compliant! Fsdpfx Afowxxd Ejtepr Technical Data: >> Year of manufacture: 2008 Machine No.: BA1DW2503 >> Milling table clamping surface: 800 x 400 mm Clamping slots: 8 Slot width: 14 H 8 Slot spacing: 50 mm Maximum load: 300 kg >> Infinitely variable spindle speeds: 10–5000 rpm >> Infinitely variable feed rate: 10–2000 mm/min Rapid traverse X-axis: 5000 mm/min >> Travel (X/Y/Z): 450/350/400 mm >> Vertical quill and horizontal spindle – ISO 40 (SK40) >> Hydraulic pull-in system >> Quill stroke: 80 mm >> Weight: approx. 2000 kg >> Dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2.5 x 2 x 2 m >> Main drive motor: 7 kW >> Spindle brake >> Technical documentation, spare parts diagrams, operating manual >> Hinged enclosure >> Coolant system >> Machine lamp >> Indexing/Dividing attachment with tailstock >> Steady rest >> Röhm machine vice About the machine: Offered for sale is a universal milling machine Emco C40 Linear with path control. This universal milling machine is in almost as-new condition. It comes from a governmental facility where it saw only limited use. The control unit is very user-friendly. Additionally, the machine features hydraulic clamping both vertically and horizontally. Switching from vertical to horizontal setup is very straightforward by simply swinging away the vertical head. The Emco has been both mechanically and electrically inspected by us. Take the opportunity to view and test the machine under power at our location.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, turning diameter over cross slide: 190 mm, turning length: 700 mm, turning diameter: 340 mm, spindle bore: 50 mm, Emco EMCOMAT-17D Distance between centers: 700 mm Swing diameter over bed: 340 mm Swing diameter over carriage: 190 mm Spindle bore/pass-through: 50 mm Spindle speeds: 35–3000 rpm Infinitely variable speed adjustment between gear ranges. Equipped with longitudinal and cross feed. 2-axis digital readout on X and Z axes. Fodpfxjxc H Dfe Aftjpr Multifix quick-change tool post.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, Universal Milling Machine Emco C40 Linear with Digital Display and Path Control Very Good CONDITION CE-Compliant!! Technical Data: >> Year of manufacture: 2008 Machine No. BA1DW2501 >> Milling table clamping surface: 800 x 400 mm Clamping slots: 8 Slot width: 14 H 8 Slot spacing: 50 mm Max. load: 300 kg >> Infinitely variable spindle speeds: 10–5000 rpm >> Infinitely variable feed: 10–2000 mm/min Rapid traverse X: 5000 mm/min >> Travel X/Y/Z: 450/350/400 mm >> Vertical and horizontal spindle – SK40 >> Hydraulic drawbar system >> Quill stroke: 80 mm >> Weight approx. 2000 kg >> Dimensions approx.: 2.5 x 2 x 2 m >> Main drive motor: 7 kW >> Spindle brake >> Technical documentation, spare parts diagrams, operating manual >> Hinged safety enclosure >> Coolant system >> Machine lamp >> Dividing head with tailstock Fpodpfx Afswxxdfstjr >> Counterholder >> Röhm machine vice About the machine: For sale is a universal milling machine Emco C40 Linear with path control. This universal milling machine is in almost as-new condition. It comes from a government facility where it was only used occasionally. The control system is very user-friendly. Furthermore, the machine is equipped with hydraulic clamping in both vertical and horizontal modes. Switching from vertical to horizontal operation is very simple by folding away the vertical head. The Emco has been mechanically and electrically inspected by us. Take advantage of the opportunity to view and test the machine under power at our location.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, Emcomat Emco EM20D Lead and Feed Lathe, built in 1995, in excellent condition, CE compliant! Technical specifications: >> Year of manufacture: 1995 >> Center height 200 mm >> Swing over bed 400 mm >> Swing over cross slide 250 mm >> Turning length: 1000 mm >> Spindle speed: 4 speed levels, continuously variable from 35-3000 rpm >> Quill stroke 120 mm >> Tailstock: MT3 >> Spindle bore: 50 mm >> 20 longitudinal feeds 0.045 / 0.787 mm/rev >> 20 cross feeds 0.023 / 0.406 mm/rev >> Space requirements / installation dimensions approx. length 1.900 x depth 0.9 x height 1.3 meters >> Weight approx. 850 kg Accessories and equipment: Fpodpjwag Stsfx After >> 3-axis position indicator >> 1 piece Three-jaw chuck with 1 set of jaws >> Tool holder with 3 pockets >> Chip return wall >> Coolant system >> Bed stop About the machine: Offered is an Emcomat 20D centerline and feed spindle lathe, built in 1995, in lightly used condition. The machine is fully functional. All slides run very smoothly and evenly. The bed guides are in very good condition. Take advantage of the opportunity to view this machine on-site under power and see for yourself its condition.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Emcomat 17D Lead and Feed Screw Lathe with 3-Axis Digital Readout K&C New from Training Workshop Excellent Condition!!! Technical Data: >> Year of manufacture: approx. 2000 >> Machine no.: D3F H1 010 >> Centre height: 170 mm >> Swing over bed: 340 mm >> Swing over cross slide: 190 mm >> Turning length: 700 mm >> Spindle speed: 4 speed ranges, stepless from 35 to 3000 rpm >> Tailstock quill stroke: 120 mm >> Tailstock: MT3 >> Spindle bore: 50 mm >> 20 longitudinal feeds: 0.045 – 0.787 mm/rev >> 20 cross feeds: 0.023 – 0.406 mm/rev >> Required floor space approx. (L x D x H): 1.600 x 0.9 x 1.3 meters >> Weight: approx. 730 kg Equipment and Accessories: >> 3-axis digital readout from K&C, new, with 12 months manufacturer’s warranty and operating manual Functions: mm/inch switching, coordinate selection ABS/INC, value halving, reference point, tool programming for 200 tools, taper calculation, radius/diameter display, quick zeroing, count direction switching >> 1 piece three-jaw chuck NEW 160 mm, 2 sets of jaws >> Multifix B toolholder with 2 tool pockets >> Chip guard >> Coolant system About the machine: Fpsdpfewvuf Tjx Aftsr Offered here is an Emcomat 17D lead and feed screw lathe, approx. year 2000, in very good condition. The machine is of course fully functional. The bedways are in excellent condition. The Emco is equipped with a new 3-axis digital readout from K&C and a new three-jaw chuck. Take the opportunity to inspect the machine under power on site and see the condition for yourself.