Used Mof for sale (231)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1990, operating hours: 160,857 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 396, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 400 V, compressed air connection: 8 bar, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 80 mm, pressure: 16 bar, film width: 560 mm, roll diameter: 1,200 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, input current: 48 A, heating capacity: 19.4 kW (26.38 HP), Equipment: cooling unit, documentation/manual, ILLIG RV 53 Thermoforming Machine + a cooling unit – PS, PVC, PET & Other Thermoplastics The machine is suitable for the production of thermoformed products from PS, PVC, PET and other thermoplastic materials. The machine has been regularly maintained and well cared for throughout its operating life. It has only been used for approximately a few hours per day on average, resulting in relatively low operating hours for a production machine of this type. The machine is still in operation, allowing prospective buyers to inspect it under working conditions. A live demonstration is available by prior appointment. Dcedpfx Acoz Hi Ilspon This is a good opportunity to acquire a well-maintained ILLIG RV 53 thermoforming machine with the advantage of being able to inspect and test the machine in actual production before purchase. Further technical specifications, photographs and additional information are available upon request.

Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 3,037 h, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 139737, Multivac R-145 thermoformer from 2010, in excellent condition and recently removed from production. It can be used for both soft and hard film. Film width: 420 mm. Includes 4 moulds: No. 1: 375 x 184 mm, maximum depth 100 mm. No. 2: 355 x 187 mm, maximum depth 65 mm. No. 3: 1:2, 132 x 95 mm. No. 4: 1:3, 190 x 110 mm. Built-in vacuum pump and MAP machine. Dcsdpfx Asz I Dfzscpon

Year of construction: 1995, condition: used, COMI SL2000 x 900 x 550mm Thermoforming Machine. S/No. 646 (1995) TECHNICAL DATA OF THE EQUIPMENT Max. frame inner size mm 2005 x 905 Scrap cutter motor power kW 3 Max. tool base size mm 2000 x 900 Scrap conveyor motor power kW 0.37 Min. tool base size mm 700 x 500 Finished workpiece discharge belt motor power kW 0.75 Max. sheet size mm 2090 x 960 Cross-cutting motor power kW 0.25 Min. sheet size mm 790 x 560 Cross-cut scrap conveyor motor power kW 0.22 Max. tool height mm 800 (550+250) Transfer unit motor power kW 1.5 Maximum formed workpiece height mm 550 Auxiliary units max. consumption kW 5.10 Max. sheet stack height mm 1000 Max. installed power kW 375 Max. pallet height mm 180 Tempering unit power kW 52 Upper heating power kW 83.3 Power consumption at 70% load kW 262.5 Lower heating power kW 71.3 Vacuum pumps capacity m3/h 750 (250x3) Upper preheating power kW 52 Tool vacuum tank capacity L 2000 Lower preheating power kW 46.8 Bell vacuum tank capacity L 2000 Oil pump motor power kW 19 (15+4) Required oil quantity L 600 Vacuum pump motor power kW 23.4 (7.8x3) Required air pressure kPa 600 Sheet centering motors power kW 0.24 (0.12+0.12) Incoming water pressure kPa 200-300 Sheet feed motor power kW 2.2 Max. hydraulic operating pressure MPa 18 Sheet feed width-adjustment motor power kW 2.2 Hydraulic operating pressure MPa 10 Dcedpfxjz I Sbdj Acpjn Sheet picker motor power kW 0.37 Incoming water temperature °C 12-20 Location: These lots are located in Susegana, Treviso, Italy. Unfortunately, there are no loading facilities on-site, dismantling and loading will be at the cost of the purchaser.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1967, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1597, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, heating capacity: 25.5 kW (34.67 HP), ILLIG UA 150 E Thermoforming Machine + US 100 – Complete Package Description Complete ILLIG thermoforming and processing package consisting of two industrial machines, both manufactured in 1967. The package consists of an ADOLF ILLIG UA 150 E vacuum thermoforming machine together with an ADOLF ILLIG US 100 auxiliary processing machine. Both machines originate from the same production period and were used as part of a thermoforming production setup. 1. ADOLF ILLIG UA 150 E – Vacuum Thermoforming Machine Manufacturer: ADOLF ILLIG Maschinenbau, Heilbronn, Germany Model: UA 150 E Machine No.: 1597 Year of manufacture: 1967 Working / forming area: 1,500 × 1,000 mm Supply voltage: 220 / 380 V Frequency: 50 Hz Motor power: approx. 2.2 kW Heating power: approx. 25.5 kW Industrial vacuum thermoforming machine designed for forming thermoplastic sheet material. The machine is equipped with: Large 1,500 × 1,000 mm forming area Heating system Vacuum system / vacuum pump Adjustable forming controls Pressure and vacuum gauges Separate electrical control equipment Manual operating controls Integrated working/forming table 2. ADOLF ILLIG US 100 – Auxiliary Processing Machine Manufacturer: ADOLF ILLIG Maschinenbau, Heilbronn, Germany Model: US 100 Machine No.: 536 Year of manufacture: 1967 Supply voltage: 220 / 380 V Frequency: 50 Hz Motor power: approx. 1.1 kW Band length: approx. 3,570–3,670 mm The US 100 is an auxiliary processing machine intended for secondary processing of formed components. It is equipped with a large movable working table, electrical drive, adjustable working elements, and separate electrical controls. Complete package Both machines are offered together as one complete package. The sale includes: ILLIG UA 150 E thermoforming machine Dcodpfxezx Ergs Acpon ILLIG US 100 auxiliary processing machine Associated electrical/control equipment shown in the photos A quantity of unused old-stock plastic thermoforming sheet rolls is also available and can be supplied separately or included by agreement. The machines are currently installed/stored in Greece and are available for inspection by appointment. EXW Greece. Dismantling, loading, and transport are at the buyer's cost and responsibility.

Year of construction: 1997, operating hours: 30,000 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, OVERHAUL in 2022 New reinforced table – 660x960mm No support leg /it is available for mounting, but the program needs to be updated/. It has a new controller and can operate in sheet feeding mode. Price: 80,000 PLN Below are the specifications: Effective forming area 650 x 950mm Table stroke 300 mm Film width Up to 700 mm Dcodpfszt Sukox Acpjn Installed power 15 kW Heating panel power 13 kW Pneumatic table lifting 0.4 MPa Compressed air consumption 5 m3/h Thickness of forming material 0.15-6mm Performance in cycles per hour 40 - 100 Weight approx. 250kg Dimensions: depth x width x height 1250mm x 2230mm x 2040mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 202-052, film width: 570 mm, type of input current: three-phase, pressure: 6 bar, total width: 25,800 mm, total length: 82,200 mm, total height: 22,800 mm, Thermoforming machine used,functional for PET,PS,PP. The machine is still in production mode, but is available immediately. Dsdpfxorh E Ibo Acpscn

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, Greiner Thermorunner 4 for polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). Including heating station, forming station and cooling system. * Punching force: 180000N * Production speed: max. 45 cycl/min Dsdpfjn Utzfsx Acpecn * Sheet width min: 150 mm * Sheet width max: 560 mm * Sheet thickness min: 0.3 mm * Sheet thickness max: 2.5 mm This Thermoforming Line is already disassembled and secured for transport (Location: Waalwijk, The Netherlands)

Year of construction: 1986, condition: used, Year of manufacture: 1986 Dcjdpfxszu Nw Eo Acpon Three stations (forming, cutting – with a movable upper table, stacking) for the production of packaging from PVC, PS, PET, and PLA films. Equipped with upper heating elements. MAX. forming area: 500x350 mm Max. forming height/depth: 40/100 mm Max. film width: 550 mm Film thickness: 0.2-0.6 mm Installed power: 23 kW Vacuum pump capacity: 40 m³/h The machine underwent a major overhaul in 2021 and is fully functional. It can be seen in operation near Warsaw. Price: 35,000 EUR

Year of construction: 1987, condition: used, Year of manufacture: 1987 Three stations (forming, cutting – with a movable upper table, stacking) for the production of packaging from PVC, PS, PET, and PLA films. Dcedpfx Aezu Nvuscpen Equipped with lower and upper heaters. MAX. forming area: 500x350 mm Max. forming height/depth: 40/100 mm Max. film width: 550 mm Film thickness: 0.2-0.6 mm Installed power: 23 kW Vacuum pump capacity: 40 m³/h The machine underwent a major overhaul in 2021, is fully functional, and can be seen in operation near Warsaw. Price: 35,000 EUR

Year of construction: 1996, condition: used, Year of manufacture: 1996 Thermoforming, die-cutting for production from PET, PVC, PS, PLA films, etc. Working area: 500 x 740 mm Forming height: 150 mm Maximum film width: 540 mm Film thickness: up to 1.5 mm Installed power: 13 kW Busch pump New control system. The machine was overhauled in 2020 and is fully operational; it can be viewed in operation near Warsaw. Dodpezu Nx Njfx Acpecn Price: 23,000 EUR

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 748 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5231847, type of input current: three-phase, total width: 3,988 mm, total length: 4,740 mm, total height: 3,440 mm, input voltage: 400 V, compressed air connection: 6 bar, overall weight: 2,700 kg, Sheet thermoforming machine Machine for processing semi-finished products Maximum sheet size: 1,000 x 700 mm Minimum sheet size: 300 x 210 mm Maximum sheet thickness: 12 mm Minimum sheet thickness: 0.5 mm The machine is fully equipped and prepared for automatic feeding. Features upper and lower tool function, water-cooled molds. Intelligent control via pre-saved material parameters. The price includes a GEISS horizontal bandsaw HBS 1000. Dcodpfx Acjznbp Tspon

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 2,400 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, fuel type: diesel, gearing type: automatic, HIAB forklift MOFFETT M4 20.4 Type: M4 20.4 Color: RED Serial No.: L200504 Lifting capacity: 2000 kg Operating hours: 2400 h Load centre: 600 mm Own weight: 2080 kg Year of manufacture: 05/2012 + Hydraulically extendable forks Dedpfx Acey Hm Arspjcn We are happy to assist you with financing/leasing through our partners. All information without guarantee. Subject to errors and prior sale.

Year of construction: 2014, condition: good (used), Multivac R145 Thermoformer The Multivac R145 Thermoformer is a versatile and efficient packaging machine, designed for high-speed and precision packaging in various industries such as food and medical sectors. Built in 2014, it offers advanced technology and customizable tooling to meet a wide range of packaging needs. Will be shipped with 1 tool, but we can arrange new tools for this R145 for very comparative prices. Tool 1x4: Packing Size 80x195 mm. Manufacturer:Multivac Model:R145 Year:2014 Dcsdeyz Shiopfx Acpen Production hours: 2.451 Power Supply:400/230V / 50 Hz Power:12,5 kW Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 4.600x1.050x1.900 mm Film width: 360 mm Max. cut off length: 195 mm Vacuum Pump: Busch 250m3/h Machine weight: 1.000 kg.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1126, film width: 540 mm, type of input current: three-phase, total width: 1,710 mm, total length: 3,070 mm, total height: 2,520 mm, overall weight: 838 kg, power: 1.9 kW (2.58 HP), Equipment: type plate available, Skinpack machine, packaging machine, thermoforming machine, vacuum forming machine -Manufacturer: Illig, skin pack machine type SK 74c -Foil width: 540 mm -Roller conveyors: each 1000 x 560 mm maximum -Work table: dimensions see photos -total Motor output: 1.9 kW -total Heating power: 8.9 kW -Dimension: 3070/1710/H2520 mm 838 kg -Accessories: incl. 8 foil rolls Ø290 x 540 mm 276 kg -Transport dimension: 1710/1070/H2520 mm / 1200/800/H700 mm Djdpfxjft Sccs Acpjcn -Total weight: 1114 kg + 500 kg foil

Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 6,865 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 114744, Multivac R 570 skin-pac machine year of production 2007. Built in vacuum pump Busch + Edwards booster pump foil width 562 mm, Advance 865 mm, 2x moulds No 1. 210 x 160 mm Dcjdpsyk Uyljfx Acpsn No 2. 255 x 210 mm Very well maintained machine taken out direct from production site.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 2,853 h, fuel type: diesel, color: red, EXCELLENT CONDITION KUBOTA 4-CYLINDER ENGINE Despite our best efforts to ensure the accuracy of the data, we cannot be held responsible for any errors in this advertisement. Images may differ from the actual product. TLD Trucks & Vans BV Wolfstee 44 B-2200 Herentals Belgium Tel: Leemans Thierry Tel: Leemans Dino Dcsdpfxjz Dpugs Acpsn = Further Information = Year of manufacture: 2004 Unladen weight: 2,850 kg Lifting capacity: 2,700 kg Technical condition: very good Optical condition: very good Please contact Thierry Leemans for further information.

Year of construction: 2019, condition: ready for operation (used), A horizontal thermoforming, vacuum and packaging machine from Ulma for flexible and rigid film packaging from the food industry is available. Frame length: 4000mm, working height range: 850mm-950mm, max. film width: 420mm, max. film index: 360mm, max. forming depth: 130mm, max. film roll diameter: 350mm, max. film roll core diameter: 76mm, vacuum pump: Busch R5 RA 0302 D, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 1050mm/5000mm/1950mm. Including rigid and flexible film rolls. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Dcodpfx Acszpywrspen

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, power: 198.58 kW (269.99 HP), fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 42,000 kg, Year of construction: 1987, operating hours: 13,800 h, machine/vehicle number: 16300999, Machine in working condition. Simple design with no electronic circuit boards (increased safety). Rock bucket: 850 mm. Earth bucket: 1750 litres. Total width: 3.30 m. Weight: 42 tonnes. Arm: 2.6 m. Functional, no repairs required. No oil leaks or smoke. Contact by phone in French, or by email in your language. Dodpfxoxb Dhrs Acpecn

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, COMI/RIGO 0599 inner liner thermoforming machine, SL200x90 NG DX Machine Specifications Forming & Tool Dimensions Maximum mold base dimensions: 2000 × 900 mm Minimum mold base dimensions: 800 × 480 mm Maximum frame interior dimensions: 2000 × 900 mm Maximum mold height: 800 mm Maximum molded part height: 550 mm Maximum sheet stack height: 1000 mm Maximum sheet support stack height: 180 mm Heating System Upper heating power: 89 kW Lower heating power: 78 kW Upper preheating power: 52 kW Lower preheating power: 46.8 kW Motors & Drives Oil pump motor power: 30 kW Vacuum pump motor power: 12 kW (3 × 4 kW) Sheet transport motor power: 1.6 kW Transport regulation motor power: 1.1 kW Sheet moving motor power: 0.25 kW Fan motor power: 0.50 kW (2 × 0.25 kW) Pyrometer motor power: 0.18 kW Discharge transfer motor power: 0.70 kW Single-blade motor power: 5 kW Cooling & Utilities Chiller power: 78 kW Auxiliary equipment maximum consumption: 3.87 kW Dcodpfozumuuox Acpsn Electrical Requirements Maximum installed power: 399 kW Vacuum System Vacuum pump capacity: 570 m³/h (3 × 190 m³/h) Vacuum tank capacity: 4,000 L (2,000 + 2,000 L) Water Requirements Water inlet temperature: 12-20 °C Water inlet pressure: 2-3 bar Closed-circuit water maximum flow rate: 130 L/min Pneumatic & Hydraulic Requirements Pneumatic operating pressure: 6 kg/cm² Hydraulic operating pressure (min/max): 110 / 140 kg/cm² Mechanical Characteristics Upper die clamping force: 9,000 kg Lower die clamping force: 9,000 kg Oil quantity for operation: 480 L Air consumption (movement = 700, cooling = 800): 1,500 N litres/cycle Machine weight: 25,000 kg (25 tonnes)

Year of construction: 2014, condition: good (used), Used SEALPAC RE25 Thermoforming Packaging Machine (MAP/Vacuum) This SEALPAC RE25 thermoforming machine is a high-quality, industrial-grade packaging system designed for continuous operation in food production environments. Built in the Netherlands, SEALPAC machines are known for their durability, hygiene, and consistent sealing performance. This unit is in good used condition Technical Overview Dcodpfeyvr Irjx Acpsn Model: RE25 Power: 3-phase (230/400V, 50–60 Hz) Power consumption: ~17 kW Compressed air: 6–7 bar Gas (MAP): 4–6 bar Film width: approx. 300–650 mm Max forming depth: up to 160 mm Machine length: approx. 8 m. Contact Us Get in touch for: Price Inspection Additional details or videos

Year of construction: 1982, condition: ready for operation (used), A vacuum thermoforming machine Adolf Illig with a Busch vacuum pump is available. Form dimensions X/Y: 500mm/350mm, max. forming depth positive/negative: 100mm/100mm, max. mold height: 100mm, vacuum pump: Busch R5. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 1700mm/1300mm/2600mm, weight: approx. 500kg. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Dcedpfxjzqu Eye Acpen

Year of construction: 2010, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, COMPLETE AMUT SHEET EXTRUSION AND ILLIG THERMOFORMING LINE AMUT sheet extrusion line: Maximum operating speed: 30 m/min Main extruder (layer A): EA100 / 35D Right co-extruder (layer B): EA600 / 33D Materials processed: PP, PS, or HIPS Hourly production: up to 450 kg/h Maximum usable width: 720 mm Sheet thickness: min/max 0.15 / 1.8 mm Dcedpfszgtf Dsx Acpen Amut sheet extrusion die Calender with a width of 1000 mm Diameter of heating rollers: 600 mm ILLIG thermoforming machine Model: RDKP Maximum sheet width: 805 mm Maximum roll diameter: 1600 mm Various molds included 4 complete lines available Year: 2010

Year of construction: 2005, condition: good (used), Multivac R140 Thermoformer Multivac R140 thermoformer from 2005. High performance machine with compact dimensions so this machine can easily be fitted into (existing) production lines. Will be shipped with 1 tool, but we can arrange new tools for this R140 for very comparative prices. Tool 1×4: Packing Size 70×175 mm. Manufacturer:Multivac Model:R140 Year:2005 Power Supply:400/230V / 50 Hz Power:6 kW Dcedpfxjyz Tg Tj Acpjn Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 4.200×1.000×1.800 mm Film width:360 mm Max. cut off length:195 mm Machine weight:1.000 kg.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, Used for the production of inner liners, vacuum forming machine BL 2200x900x600-NG-EL-PF-DX, year of manufacture 2013, serial number C1091, voltage 380V-N-50Hz+PE. Machine Specifications Summary Forming & Sheet Dimensions Maximum inside frame dimensions: 2205 × 905 mm Mould base maximum size: 2200 × 900 mm Mould base minimum size: 700 × 500 mm Maximum sheet size: 2290 × 960 mm Minimum sheet size: 790 × 560 mm Maximum mould height: 850 mm (600 + 250 mm) Maximum formed part height: 600 mm Maximum sheet stack height: 1000 mm Sheet support stack height: 144 mm Electrical Power Requirements Upper heating power: 93.8 kW Lower heating power: 80.3 kW Forming motors: 23.2 kW Sheet conveyor motor: 4.6 kW Transport support regulation motors: 0.6 kW Sheet centering device motors: 0.36 kW Sheet pick-up motors: 3.0 kW Cooling fan motor: 5.5 kW Extraction fan motor: 0.25 kW Unloading transfer motors: 3.0 kW Guillotine group motors: 8.1 kW Conveyor belt motor: 0.75 kW Thermoregulator units: 25.65 kW Chiller unit: 16.25 kW Ancillary equipment maximum consumption: 3.89 kW Maximum installed power: 269 kW Djdezumrmepfx Acpscn Typical operating power (50% load): 135 kW Pneumatic System Forming tank capacity: 2 m³/cycle Pneumatic system pressure: 600 kPa Air consumption (VGS): 0.85 m³/cycle Air consumption (movements): 0.35 m³/cycle Air consumption (cooling): 0.90 m³/cycle Air consumption (pressure forming at 200 kPa): 3.2 m³/cycle Total air consumption: 4.85 m³/cycle Mechanical Characteristics Forming platen closing force: 400,000 N (400 kN) Maximum mould + reduction frame weight: 2,200 kg Machine weight: 30,000 kg (30 tonnes) Water Chiller Unit Chiller tank capacity: 240 litres + piping Water inlet pressure: > 0.1 kPa Water outlet pressure: 0 kPa Water inlet temperature: 20 to 25 °C Utilities Required Electrical supply: 269 kW installed load Compressed air: 600 kPa pressure, 4.85 m³/cycle consumption Cooling water: 20-25 °C inlet temperature Chilled water tank: 240 litres minimum capacity Fully automatic thermoforming machine designed to shape plastic sheets up to 2200 × 900 mm with a maximum forming depth of 600 mm, suitable for high-capacity industrial applications. Thermoformer details: Forming area 2200mm x 900mm Max forming depth 600mm 3x loading stations. 1 x heating station. - (pre-heating, final heating, upper and lower elements) ceramic/quartz infrared elements Pressure and vacuum forming operation. 4 x side trimming presses. (rotary) Guillotine. Scrap collection end station. Automation: Fully automatic batch processing with operator control panel featuring manual/automatic modes. Industrial-grade construction with multiple access doors, observation windows, and integrated ventilation heat management. Applications - High-throughput environments; this COMI machine is ideal for producing refrigerator liners, door panels, containers, and other thermoplastic components where consistent quality, large sheet handling, and repeatable forming cycles are essential.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, COMI 1092 Door liner thermoforming machine, Thermoformer HEDL 2000x800x200, Year of Manufacture 2014, Serial Number C1092 Machine Specifications (List View) Forming & Mould Dimensions Maximum inside frame dimensions: 2004 × 804 mm Maximum moulded part height: 150 mm (male mould) / 50 mm (female mould) Maximum mould base dimensions: 2000 × 800 mm Minimum mould base dimensions: 600 × 500 mm Coil width range (min/max): 580 to 900 mm Mechanical Characteristics Lower die holder force: 40,000 kg Machine weight: 20,000 kg (20 tonnes) Machine dimensions: See Drawing LO-029-14-01 Heating System Upper heating power: 168 kW Thermoregulator power: 24.99 kW (3 × 8.33 kW) Motors & Drives Forming motor power: 12 kW Vacuum pump motor power: 7.8 kW De-reel device motor power: 0.37 kW Sheet conveyor motor power: 8.17 kW Transport regulation motor power: 1.1 kW Fan motor power: 3.0 kW (4 × 0.75 kW) Transfer unloading motor power: 3.0 kW (2 × 1.5 kW) Scrap cutting motor power: 2.2 kW Moulded-part unloading belts motor power: 0.5 kW Cooling & Auxiliary Equipment Chiller power: 28.75 kW Auxiliary equipment maximum power: 4.12 kW Electrical Requirements Maximum installed power: 264 kW Typical operating power (50% load): 132 kW Pneumatic Requirements Dodpfxezumwce Acpscn Pneumatic operating pressure: 6 bar Air consumption: 2,000 N litres/cycle Water Requirements Water temperature: 25 °C Water pressure: 2 to 3 bar . Fully automatic thermoforming machine designed to shape plastic sheets up to 2000 × 800 mm with a maximum forming depth of 150 mm (200 mm), suitable for high-capacity industrial applications. Thermoformer details: Forming area 2000 × 800 mm Max forming depth 150 (200) mm Heating station – ONLY Upper heater, heater length fully configurable, fulfils pre-heating and heating functions. Pressure and vacuum forming operation. Trimming press. Scrap collection end station. Industrial-grade construction with multiple access doors, observation windows, and integrated ventilation heat management.