Used Spot Welder for sale (1,704)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Technical Specifications: Model: KEP40 Operated: Manuel Power: 40KVA Welding Capacity: 1+1 mm mild steel Power Level: %0-100 power adjustable by digital microcontroller Weld Time: 1-99 Cycle (20ms - 2s) adjustable by digital microcontroller Input Voltage: 380V/50Hz Bsdpfxey Dilds Af Helk Protection Fuse: 63A Flexible Pistol Arm cable Length: 250cm Flexible Chassis Cable Length: 100cm Power Input Cable: 3m Protection Class: IP21 Dimensions (W/L/H): 530mm x 430mm x 610mm Weight: 116kg

Condition: used, SAF Seam Welder arm approx 4.3 m long. with SAF Nertamatic 300 TR Control, plasma TIG . Blsdszh Rdyepfx Af Hek

Condition: like new (used), Power at 50%: 35kVA Short circuit-current: 15,5kA Electrode force: 470daN / double stroke Throat depth: 400mm --- Weld control: TE 101 (8-times, 100-program) --- Extra Equipment: Bedezl A S Rjpfx Af Hslk - foot pedal - main switch --- Warranty: 6 months --- Spotwelding electrodes + spare parts at stock

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, Power at 50%: 50kVA Short circuit-current: 25kA Electrode force: 420daN Throat depth: 380-700mm --- Weld control: RS 17 (5-times, 2-program) --- Extra Equipment: - foot pedal - main switch --- Blodszl A Rtopfx Af Hok Warranty: 6 months --- Spotwelding electrodes + spare parts at stock

Year of construction: 2018, condition: good (used), Fully automatic angle welding machine / Fully automatic side welding machine Manufacturer: Diez Type: AWS-C 9070 CS Year of manufacture: 2018 Shrink tunnel Manufacturer: Diez Type: HTC 122-40D Year of manufacture: 2018 Bjdotzcd Sopfx Af Hslk Operating side: Left, in the direction of travel Passage width: approx. 600 mm Passage height: approx. 190 mm Welding length: approx. 900 mm Working height / belt height infeed/outfeed: approx. 860 mm + 100 Performance: Up to 30 cycles/min (depending on package size and feed speed) Connection voltage: 230V AC, 50Hz, 1 phase + N + PE Power consumption: 3.5 kW Rated current: 10 A With cable and 16A Schuko plug Compressed air connection: 6 bar External dimensions: Length: 2600 mm Width: 2000 mm Height: 1500 mm 22726

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, Technical data: Pressing force: 30 tons Distance between columns: 1090 mm Installation height: 920 mm Table dimensions: 900 x 850 mm Ram stroke: 320 mm Working speed: 6 mm/min CE marking Dimensions (width x depth x height): approx. 2500 x 2200 x 2550 mm Weight: approx. 4 tons Condition: very good condition, little used The seller is not liable for typographical or data transmission errors. The machine's appearance, technology, and wear and tear are consistent with its age; used machines are sold without any warranty. Bedpfx Ajzlbzkof Helk

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, GH INDUCTION | EMMEDI HF welder 100kW In excellent working conditions. Year 2021. Solid-state high-frequency induction heating generator 100Kw for tube welding applications · Welding frequency: 400 KHz · Power: 120 KVA · Modules: SiC SiliconCarbide IGBT Scope of supply · Power cabinet with digital control (MPC-3 HMI touchscreen interface) · Oscillator module · XYZ motorized inductor positioning system · Operator control desk with diagnostic display, manual/automatic modes · Cooling system with air–water heat exchanger Welding frequency: 400 KHz Bljdpfx Afezkf Thj Hjk Power: 120 KVA Modules: SiC SiliconCarbide IGBT

Condition: good (used), - Capacity 100 kVA - Pneumatic - Throat depth 570 mm - 380 V Blodoykcnqopfx Af Hok

Condition: used, Oscillator tubes (triodes) for HF Welders : - BW 1608J2F-R, made E.E.V. : NEW - BW 1185J2, made E.E.V : Bedpfovtp Huex Af Hslk

Year of construction: 2007, condition: used, THERMATOOL High Frequency Welding CFI 350 kW VF Including selectable frequency, in steps of 1kHz, range 180-300 kHz Fully revised in 2026 by Thermatool specialists Technical specifications · Input voltage: 3 x 380 V · Input current: 525 A · Welding frequency: 180 - 300 KHz · Output power: 350 kW · Auxilirary service voltage: 24Vdc · PLC Siemens S7 1. DC Power supply • SCR Power Controller/Stabilizer - Provides constant output power for consistent weld quality. • Rectifier Circuit achieving 6 pulse Rectification. • Solid State Low Ripple Filter - Reduces AC line harmonics and switching transients that can affect weld quality. • AUTOMATIC SPEED POWER CONTROL Automatic Speed Power Control - Automatically ramps power up and down in line with mill speed, minimizes scrap on stopping and starting. • PLC - Controls and monitors welder operation sequences and provides fault and running data for the Alphanumeric display 2. CFI 350KW VF Solid-state HF welder • Compact rugged enclosure - sealed and internally cooled. Provides small footprint whilst ensuring reliable performance in harsh mill environments. • Water cooled high frequency MOSFET power transistor modules – Modular design provides maximum flexibility, long equipment life and reduces time for maintenance. • AUTOMATCH Automatic Load Match – Fully automatic series and parallel load matching system which enables the welder to run at optimum efficiency with guaranteed frequency stability - Assists the tube producer in maintaining repeatability. • High frequency capacitor bank - Designed specifically for the Tube Welding application. Capacitors deliver high power with low voltage to minimize flashovers at the induction coil. • Water flow and temperature protection. • Output bus-bar system - Externally water-cooled for ease of maintenance. INCLUDING SELECTABLE FREQUENCY Selectable frequency, in steps of 1kHz, range 180-300 kHz 3. Remote control console • Display - provides operator and maintenance personnel a constant display of fault and running data for maximum productivity. • Power Control - Preheat and Main power potentiometers ensure precise setting of weld power and minimizes un-welded tube thus reducing scrap. Bsdpfoymadbox Af Holk • Pushbuttons and Control Switches - For safe simple operation and protection of plant personnel. Analogue Indication Meters - Provide back-up for Alpha Numeric display. 4. Closed loop cooling system • Plate Type Heat Exchanger - High efficiency reducing raw water consumption. • Stainless Steel Water Pump & Plastic Pipework • Automatic Temperature Control Valve - Maintains a constant water temperature thus avoiding condensation inside the equipment. • Header tank with Level Switch. Comprehensive equipment inspection, supervised by a Thermatool specialist. Input voltage: 3 x 380 V Input current: 525 A Welding frequency: 180 - 300 KHz Auxilirary service voltage: 24Vdc PLC: Siemens 7

Condition: good (used), *DESCRIPTION* Professional ARO AROMASTER II welding set, year 1997. Medium-frequency spot welding unit, 1000Hz, delivered complete with its 2 original tools. ARO Château-du-Loir brand = a global reference in resistance welding. Robust equipment, spare parts always available. *LOT COMPOSITION* 1. *AROMASTER II Generator* Code ZU182000 - No. 9713221A523 - Year 1997 400V Three-phase 50Hz - 20.7 kVA at 100% / 29.3 kVA max Integrated water cooling - NF A 82-020 standard 2. *ARO YB200450 X-Gun* No. 9712211B669 - Year 1997 Water-cooled - 450mm copper arms - Force ∼300 daN 3. *ARO YB200550 Dent Puller Gun* No. 9712211B640 - Year 1997 For welding pull studs Ø2.5mm *TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS* Brand: ARO - Made in France Bedpszczw Iefx Af Hslk Technology: Medium frequency 1000 Hz Power supply: 400V Three-phase 32A minimum Welding current: ~10,000 A Weldable thicknesses: Steel 0.6 to 2.0 + 2.0 mm Control: Digital - Time/intensity adjustment Cooling: Water - Integrated unit Generator weight: Approximately 110 kg - On castors *CONDITION & WARRANTY* Set in good overall working condition. Tested in the Gortina workshop: cycles with gun and puller OK, pneumatic pressure OK, no water leaks, thyristors OK. Original ARO yellow paint. Cables and wiring in good condition. *ADVANTAGES* 1. *2-in-1 Set*: Spot welding + inertia dent pulling. One generator only. 2. *ARO Reliability*: Industrial construction. National after-sales service. 3. *Economy*: Equivalent new cost 2026 > €15,000 (excluding VAT). 4. *Ready for use*: Generator + gun + puller, original 1997. *APPLICATIONS* Traditional automotive bodywork, vehicles before 2010, vans, 4x4s, restoration of old vehicles. Dent pulling without paint. Training centers.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, *TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS* Make / Model ARO MC30CSC Year 2000 Serial No. 0001122B122 Type Fixed spot welding machine with swan neck Power Supply 400V Three-phase 50Hz - 50A Power 21 kVA at 100% / 78 kVA max Max. Welding Current 19,000 A Clamping Force 358 daN 358 kg Swan Neck Depth 550 mm Arm Spacing 174 to 489 mm Cooling Water 5 L/min - 6 bar Control ARO Micro 2X16 III digital Multi-parameter programs Weight 270 kg Standards CE - NF A 82-020 - Made in France *SUPPLIED EQUIPMENT* Bjdszczwhspfx Af Hslk - Complete machine on chassis - 1 pair of mounted, water-cooled copper arms - Micro 2X16 III digital control with key - ARO operating manual *CONDITION* Machine in excellent working condition. Tested and inspected in the workshop: welding cycles OK, pressure build-up OK, no water leaks, thyristors OK. Original yellow ARO paint. Ready for production. *ADVANTAGES* 1. *Power*: 78 kVA for welding steel up to 3+3 mm and stainless steel 2+2 mm. 2. *ARO Reliability*: Leading brand, spare parts always available. 3. *Modern Control*: Micro 2X16 for precise adjustment of time/intensity/force. 4. *Versatile*: 550mm swan neck for large parts. *APPLICATIONS* Manufacturing of grids, baskets, metal frames, assembly of industrial sheet metal, locksmithing, industrial bodywork.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, ground cable length: 4,000 mm, warranty duration: 7 months, type of cooling: water, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 8 mm, welding current at 60% duty cycle: 315 A, welding current at 100% duty cycle: 220 A, welding current (min.): 5 A, welding current (max.): 315 A, As Good as New Parweld XTT215Di – Water-cooled TIG Refurbished, tested, serviced, and ready-for-use Factory warranty until 26-02-2027 Specifications: 5-315 AMP Bjdpfxszkfuxe Af Holk 400 Volt ACDC Pulse Water-cooled Synergic TIG Gas pre flow / Gas post flow Start current / End current Up slope / Down slope AC DC Mix Spot welding / Stitch welding Square Wave / Soft Square Wave / Trapezium Wave / Sinus Wave Fixed programs / Program Memory Elektrode option Including: 8 Meter PRO20 Welding Torch with PRO3MS, Earth cable, and gas cable. Visits by appointment only. Test welding is possible. A video of the machine in welding condition is possible. We also deliver to countries like Spain, Germany, Austria, Lithuania, Greece and all other countries inside and outside Europe with Euro pallets per freight. All our machines have been serviced and are 100% ready to use unless otherwise indicated. The pictures above show the real machine. We can also offer you other types of machines such as: Used, New, Mig, Mag, Co2, Tig, Pulse, AC/DC, Plasma, Water-cooled, Electrode, Brands we offer: OTC, Migatronic, Lincoln, Miller, Fronius, Kemppi, Parweld, Tico, Lorch, Rehm, Selco, Carl Cloos, Cebora, Esab, Saf, EWM, Ess, Kemper. You always do business with Cjays Lastechniek itself and never with third parties.

Year of construction: 1999, condition: excellent (used), Spot welding machine NIMAK PMP 5/35 + water cooling unit Year of construction approx. 1980 Power at 50% ED 35 kVA Projection 250 - 450 mm Working stroke 40 mm Electrode force 100 - 460 kp infinitely adjustable Electrode force at 6 bar 460 daN Operating air pressure 2 to 6 bar Electrode arm Ø 60 mm Electrode holder Ø 30 mm Insertion electrodes cone MK 2 Ø 17.78 mm Arm distance 200 / 400 mm Adjustability of the electrode holder 200 mm Connected load 83 KVA Mains connection 380 volts, 50 Hz - 4-time control - stepless power adjustment - Single points and series points - parallel electrode guidance Bljdpfx Asium Niof Hek - Water-cooled (without cooling unit) - electric foot switch Weight 300kg

Year of construction: 2016, condition: used, THERMATOOL CFI 200 HF Welder for tube production, 200 kW solid-state high frequency welding system, manufactured in 2016. THERMATOOL CFI 200 HF Welder, designed for reliable high-frequency welding applications with advanced automatic load matching AUTOMATCH and THERMAVIEW remote control. With interconnecting cables, it is ready for re-installation. In excellent worling conditions. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Manufacturer: THERMATOOL - Model: CFI 200 - Year: 2016 - Continuous Output Power: 5 - 200 kW - Nominal Welding Frequency: 400 kHz - Total System Power: 307 kVA - Input Voltage: 400 V - Input Frequency: 50 Hz - Input Current: 464 A - Control Voltage: 110 V SCOPE OF SUPPLY HF CABINET - Compact Rugged Enclosure Design Bledpfx Aszi Twrof Hek - Water Cooled High Frequency Power Transistor Modules - High Frequency Capacitor Bank - Single Axis Table. - Water Flow and Temperature Protection - ‘Automatch’ - Automatic load matching system - Output Weld Lead Assembly DC CABINET Power Supply - SCR Power Controller/Stabiliser - Solid State Low Ripple Filter - Automatic Speed Power Control - Heavy Duty Power Transformer THERMAVIEW Remote Control Console - PC Panel with Thermaview software - Power Control - Pushbuttons and Control Switches - Analog Indication Meters OUTPUT BUSBAR - Straight output busbar CABLES / PIPING - Existing interconnecting cables - Existing distilled water interconnecting piping WORKCOILS - 5 workcoils in the range 25 – 76.2mm BENEFITS ✓ Solid-state technology for reliable operation ✓ Automatic load matching to optimize welding performance ✓ Integrated THERMAVIEW control for convenient operation and monitoring ✓ Suitable for a wide range of tube diameters with five included work coils ✓ Designed for efficient production and dependable welding performance For more information, contact Continuous Output Power: 5 - 200 kW Nominal Welding Frequency: 400 kHz Total System Power: 307 kVA Input Voltage: 400 V Input Frequency: 50 Hz Input Current: 464 A Control Voltage: 110 V

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, pressing force: 100 t, For sale is a used die-setting press from the manufacturer REIS with a maximum pressing force of 100 tons. The machine has a table size of 1,100 × 800 mm, a maximum installation height of 950 mm, and numerous features, including an ejector in the table, oil connection boxes for core pulls, and a 180° pivoting ram plate. It is therefore particularly suitable for die-setting operations, tool try-out, and testing in mold and tool making. ##### Technical Data + Information: Die-setting press – 100 tons – 1,100 × 800 mm ==== General Information - Design: 4-column die-setting press - Manufacturer: REIS - Type: TUS 80–100 - Year of construction: 1998 - Pressing force: 26–100 tons (adjustable) - Retraction force max.: 45 tons - Table size: 1,100 × 800 mm - Max. table load: 5,000 kg - Installation height max.: 950 mm - Overall dimensions (W x D x H): approx. 2,100 × 3,395 × 3,670 mm - Total weight: approx. 8,500 kg - T-slots: DIN 650 – 22 mm ==== Hydraulic Cylinder - Pressing force range: 26–100 tons - Retraction force: 45 tons ==== Hydraulics & Drive - Hydraulic pump: REXROTH SYDFE11x71RN0030CAM - Motor power: 7.5 kW - Working pressure max.: 200 bar - Pressure accuracy: ±5 bar - Tank volume: 200 l - Hydraulic oil: HLP 36 ==== Motion System - 180° pivoting ram plate - Load capacity of the pivoted ram plate: up to 3 tons - Ejector in the ram: 3.5 tons - Ejector stroke: 130 mm - Extendable table - Table can be tilted to both sides - Movable ejector in the table - Oil connection boxes for core pulls - Injection molding filling device in the ram - Quick clamping plate on the ram ==== Control - Operation via control panel - Press force setting - Operation of core pulls - Control: Siemens / Pilz - Digital measuring device ==== Safety - Industrial machine control - Operator panel with safety functions Bledpsxd Tiqsfx Af Hsk ==== Electrical Connection - Main supply: 400 V AC - Control voltage: 24 V DC - Frequency: 50 Hz - Connection power main motor: 7.5 kW - Total connection power: 10 kW ##### Application areas: Die-setting, tool try-out, mold making, tool making, injection molding tools, automotive, prototype construction, trial tools, maintenance, production preparation (Die-setting press, try-out press, tool try-out press, hydraulic press, REIS TUS 100, 100 ton press, 4-column press, testing press, mold making press) Are you looking for a hydraulic press tailored to your specific application? Contact us for an individual offer. Our hydraulic presses are manufactured according to German and European Machinery Directives (Directive 2006/42/EC), EC standards and EU safety regulations. Furthermore, our presses exceed Canadian and European safety requirements, as they comply with all points of the national Brazilian safety standard NR 12, which is based on these. Our core strength lies in special machine construction and press automation. We distribute customized hydraulic presses at surprisingly favorable prices. For the hydraulics of the presses, components from leading European manufacturers are mainly used.

Condition: used, SURFACING AND JIG BORING MACHINE DUAP ZS 80/1400 • Maximum piece length: 1500 mm • Minimum piece length: 70 mm • Maximum piece diameter: 80 mm Blodpfxszcprms Af Hjk • Minimum piece diameter: 10 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), 6355 Resistance Welding Machine , Resistance Welding , Meritus RAS 150 VSH Resistance Welding Machine , Resistance Welding , Meritus RAS 150 VSH, Used machine Manufacturer : Meritus Type : RAS 150 VSH Overall dimensions : 1000 x 1620 x 2100 mm Weight : 840 kg Electrical data : 415 V ; 150 kVA ; 50 Hz - equipped with a photocell Bodpfx Afju Nvh Ue Hslk - tool water cooled

Condition: used, current intensivity 400 A open-circuit voltage 65-75 V IP protection class IP21 Permissible load at 35% duty cycle 400 A at 60% duty cycle 315 A at 100% duty cycle 250 A Idle power 0.49 kW Application class: S - Water cooled - With hand and foot remote control Bedod Ih R Njpfx Af Helk - Incl. Hose package approx. 6000 mm

Condition: good (used), Pressing force: 40 tons Table surface area: 590 x 1000 mm Ram surface area: 590 x 1000 mm Stroke: 900 mm Bjdpszkrmnefx Af Hslk Table is extendable, ram plate is swiveling.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Spot Welding Machine Fab. Dalex Type SF 8 Technical Data Manufacturer: Dalex Type: SF 8 Rated power at 50% duty cycle: 8 kVA Rated primary voltage: 380 V / 50 Hz Max. welding power: 23.7 kVA Max. short-circuit current: 8.8 kA Cooling water flow rate: 4 l/min Electrode force: 17 to 390 daN Open circuit voltage: 2 to 3.2 V Stages: 4 Throat depth: 235 mm Dimensions: L 750 x W 350 x H 1100 mm Bodpfx Ajx Ic T Ajf Helk Weight: 77.5 kg All information without guarantee. A demonstration can be arranged at any time in our exhibition hall.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, We are offering for sale a two-head Elumatec ZS 720/00 LV welding machine, manufactured in 2005, designed for welding PVC profiles for the production of windows, doors, and frames. The two-head configuration allows for the simultaneous welding of two corners of the frame, ensuring precise processing and good productivity. The machine is characterized by its robust Elumatec construction and is suitable for professional use in companies that manufacture PVC window and door frames. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Elumatec Model: ZS 720/00 LV Year of manufacture: 2005 Type: two-head welding machine Application: welding of PVC profiles Electrical supply: 3/N/PE – 380/400 V Frequency: 50/60 Hz Installed power: 5.2 kW Operating pressure: 7 bar CE marking Made in Germany The machine is used and is available at our location in Termini Imerese, Palermo. Bljdpfjzmhuasx Af Hok It can be viewed by appointment. Additional photographs, technical information, and videos can be provided upon request.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: A32404019520, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 230 V, overall weight: 53 kg, type of cooling: air, laser power: 1,500 W, shaft length: 1,080 mm, continuous power: 1,500 kW (2,039.43 HP), Equipment: documentation/manual, head guard, type plate available, Operation - Simplest operation via synergy characteristic curves - Achieve finished welding results in just three steps. Automatic adjustment of power, wire feed, oscillation width, oscillation frequency, laser frequency, PWM, hot start, etc. - High-resolution display ensures optimal readability of all necessary parameters. An integrated help function provides a better understanding of the adjustment options - Fully integrated operation in the wire feed cabinet – optional operation via machine or wire feed system Technical Features - High-performance laser cells paired with gas-cooled torches ensure maximum power and focus stability - 2-in-1 machine: Welding and cleaning. Laser cleaning is ideal for paint removal, rust removal, and scale removal - Optional: Dual wire feed Bodpfx Afoyuvkts Helk Safety - Two-channel emergency stop system - Two-channel safety interface for access control (door contact switch) - Key switch to prevent unauthorized use - Two-channel fiber break detection as well as monitored QBH connection - Safety notices and manual activation of laser release at every start - Dual-action button prevents unintentional activation of the laser - Suitable for heavy-duty applications Advantages of Laser Welding Compared to Conventional Welding Methods - Minimal distortion, extremely fast, outstanding quality (even with very thin materials < 1 mm) - Consumes approximately 70% less energy - Quick and easy to learn - High process reliability - Extreme time savings with significantly reduced rework - One of the lightest torches on the market, weighing approx. 680 g - Two-channel safety circuit for maximum safety Advantages of Craft-Laser - Laser cleaning with up to 100 mm scanning width and autofocus - 2-in-1 machine: welding and cleaning - Full synergy – no more parameter lists - Service-friendly – no more inconvenient shipping required

Condition: good (used), Spot welding machine, spot welding system, spot welding gun, resistance spot welding machine, lever-operated spot welding machine, roller seam welding machine, projection welding machine -Manufacturer: Dalex, pneumatically operated water-cooled spot welding gun with control unit -Type: 3238 Bljdozbqpqspfx Af Hjk -Rated power: 16 kVA -Protrusion: 370 mm -Control unit: Type RS 12 -Individual components: see photos -Submission/Price: complete -Transport dimensions: 1200/500/H445 mm -Weight: 51 kg

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MD060381G, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, ground cable length: 4,000 mm, warranty duration: 3 months, type of cooling: water, hose package length: 4,000 mm, welding current at 60% duty cycle: 500 A, welding current at 100% duty cycle: 400 A, welding current (min.): 15 A, welding current (max.): 565 A, Equipment: type plate available, For sale: Miller PipeWorx 400 565 AMP (60% 500A, 100% 400A) 380 Volt 2013 Water-cooled Pulse RMD Programma memory Elektrode option Steel + Stainless Steel weldable Refurbished, tested, and serviced. Test welding possible Including 1,0-1,2mm feed rolls, 2x PRO5000 MIG welding torches, earth work lead with clamp, gas cable, transport cart, and 3 months warranty. Test welding is possible. A video of the machine in welding condition is possible. We also deliver to countries like Spain, Germany, Austria, Lithuania, Greece and all other countries inside and outside Europe with Euro pallets per freight. All our machines have been serviced and are 100% ready to use unless otherwise indicated. Blsdpfx Aszhvukef Hjk The pictures above show the real machine. We can also offer you other types of machines such as: Used, New, Mig, Mag, Co2, Tig, Pulse, AC/DC, Plasma, Water-cooled, Electrode, Brands we offer: OTC, Migatronic, Lincoln, Miller, Fronius, Kemppi, Parweld, Tico, Lorch, Rehm, Selco, Carl Cloos, Cebora, Esab, Saf, EWM, Ess, Kemper. You always do business with Cjays Lastechniek itself and never with third parties.