Used Hand Drill for sale (12,237)

Condition: good (used), Universal screwdriver, construction screwdriver, screwdriver, electronics screwdriver, hand drill -Nominal input: 740 watts -Max. drill bit: Ø 13 mm -Connection: 220 volts Quantity: 1 available Lhjdpfofc Hfysx Ab Tsc -Dimensions: 450/210/H80 mm -Weight: 4.3 kg/piece

Condition: refurbished (used), FULL LINE of Drilling, max working width mm 3200, with fast automatic handling equipment. Composed of the following machines: Lhedpfx Ajdfgg Ieb Tsc A) LOADER (Portal) "RBO" Winner C 3200 with double pick-up and central motorized rollers table. With 2 on-ground motorized rollers ways to in-feed the piles (stacks) of panels to loader. B) TRANSFER (Connecting Rollers Table with 90° conveyoring belts) “RBO” Mod. Transfer TA 90° C) 1st Auotmatic BORER "BIESSE" Mod. Techno FDT with No. 2 Horizontal Units + No. 7 Vertical Bottom Units D) 2nd Automatic BORER "BIESSE" Mod. Techno FDT with No. 2 Horizontal Units + No. 7 Vertical Bottom Units E) TRANSFER (Connecting Rollers Table with 90° conveyoring belts) “RBO” Mod. Transfer TA 90° G) UNLOADER-STACKER (Portal) "RBO" Winner SC 3200 with double pick-up, with double storage station, with central motorized rollers table. With 2 on-ground motorized rollers ways to out-feed the piles (stacks) of panels from the Unloader

Year of construction: 1980, condition: excellent (used), Complete line to make handles inclufing lathe - boring and sanding machine composed of : 1°machine : rotating machine for cutting the pieces. Max. length of pieces to cut : 1500 mm. The machine has a circular saw which cut the pieces up the max. length of 300 mm . 2°machine , Drilling macchine with automatic hopper feed. The cutting pieces by the 1st machine are loaded manually in the magazine (hopper ffeed) of the drilling machine and automatically transfered to the 3rd machine Lhodjidmt Nspfx Ab Toc 3°machine: HEMPEL mod. FED 25 – Automatic rotating milling machine with shaped tools which make the handels. The type of handel depend of the tools mounted in the machine. 4° Machine : HEMPEL PB 300 Automatic totating sanding machine with automatic hopper feed . The pieces are manually insert on the hopper feed Daily production , from 5000 to 7000 pieces in 8 hour. Max length of working pieces 300 mm There are many shaped tools for different handle shape Machine are in perfectly working conditions.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, machine/vehicle number: SÇ 512 Alüminyum Pvc 3'lü Kol Yeri Delme Makinesi Yüksek Frekans Motorlu, - Complies with CE standards. - Possibility to open lock places, hinge slots, handle holes of PVC profiles - Vertical axis operation of the copy head - Horizontal axis operation of the triple drilling system - Universal template, possibility to make optional template - Possibility of triple drilling copy milling or grooving system to work as a single system - Comfortable working thanks to the powerful motor - High frequency motor (18000 rpm) - Cooling system OPTION - Right conveyor system (1 meter) Lodpsrana Eefx Ab Tehc

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Hand pallet truck 2000 kg LWPW with weighing system, new 2025. Continuous stock, see our website. Prices are ex Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a variable stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All deliveries are offered at trade prices in AS-IS condition without warranty. (see our general terms and conditions) For a viewing and/or test drive, you can schedule a non-binding appointment. Please call in advance, as we are not always present. Lhedpfxsx Td Dtj Ab Tjc Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), JUNE OFFER. FOR THE WHOLE OF JUNE -10% off all welding machines We offer welding machines in a wide variety of configurations and always have several sets in stock. CMT / ROBOT / CMT UNIVERSAL hose packages or HOLLOW SHAFT robots. Everything in stock and available immediately! Don't hesitate to request your customized configuration! We also have a wide variety of spare parts -30% -50% -70% in stock. Just send us a quick email, call us, or WhatsApp us. CMT MACHINES at 1/3 the new price! - 66% DISCOUNT Ledpfx Abohzhyns Tohc ALL MACHINES CAN BE VIEWED IN VIENNA and PURCHASED WITHOUT WAITING! The prices listed are all starting from ... euros. The prices/offers are created individually according to the device configuration. .) Fronius power source (TPS 4000 CMT) .) Fronius cooling unit (FK 4000) Vufdfi .) Fronius VR CMT wire feeder .) Fronius intermediate hose package .) Fronius trolley .) Fronius hose package CMT robot .) Fronius RCU 5000i Example images of the product. Please see the numerous YouTube videos on the topic of CMT! Also available via WhatsApp and Viber Stocked in Vienna 1230 (Vienna) Shipping on pallets available for an additional charge: Austria approx. 180 euros Germany approx. 230 euros Europe upon request All prices are starting from prices. You can configure the devices with us. Robot device or handheld device. Long connecting hose package or short. Various hose packages to choose from. Synchropuls. 270 400 or 500 amp units in stock. CMT versions available as handheld or robotic. It's best to call us. We'll discuss your application and give you an initial price estimate.

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, saw blade diameter: 350 mm, workpiece length (max.): 6,000 mm, workpiece width (max.): 60 mm, workpiece height (max.): 15 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. workpiece width: 60 mm Max. workpiece height: 15 mm Lhodpfxjygw Tto Ab Tec Max. workpiece length: 6,000 mm Drilling diameter: 16 mm Saw blade diameter: 350 mm Infeed roller length: 10,000 mm Thread cutting: M12 MACHINE DETAILS Total power requirement: 15 kW Dimensions & Weight Required space: approx. 12.0 x 2.0 x 2.3 m Machine weight: approx. 3.2 t EQUIPMENT Saw 4 x top drilling units 4 x bottom drilling units 6 x drilling and threading units 2 x countersinking units

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1987, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1606, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 780 mm, controller model: GE FANUC 11, drilling depth: 60 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Table length: 1,100 mm Table width: 842 mm Max. workpiece weight on table: 1,500 kg Travel X-axis: 1,000 mm Travel Y-axis: 700 mm Travel Z-axis: 780 mm Drilling capacity in steel: 60 mm Spindle taper: ISO 4 B Spindle diameter: 135 mm Quill stroke (Z-axis): 300 mm Boring diameter min.: 60 mm Boring diameter max.: 300 mm Ljdoyhnihspfx Ab Tehc Distance table to spindle: 1,000 mm Clearance between columns: 1,100 mm Number of spindle speed steps: 18 Max. spindle speed: 3,000 rpm Table feed rate up to: 6,000 mm/min Number of feed steps on drilling spindle slide: 6 Rapid traverse table longitudinal: 6,000 mm/min Rapid traverse table cross: 6,000 mm/min Rapid traverse vertical: 6,000 mm/min MACHINE DETAILS Control: GE FANUC 11 Connection: 50 Hz 3x 380 V Spindle drive power: 9 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 3,280 x 2,335 x 3,205 mm Approx. machine weight: 10,600 kg

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 004922, Max. panel width: 250 mm Max. panel length: 1500 mm No of Top Units: 2 Ledpjg E Th Ssfx Ab Tehc Lateral horizontal groups: yes

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007665, Position 1: Automatic Drilling Machine WEEKE-BST 503 + BST 507 Lhsdewuz Dgjpfx Ab Tec Position 2: Automatic Drilling Machine WEEKE-BST 503 + BST 507

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008321, X axis working area: 4200 mm Y axis working area: 1350 mm Working Table: Pod and Rail Main Electrospindle power: 12 KW Number of controlled axes: 4 axes Maximum edge height: 60 mm Lodpfxox A Tdls Ab Tshc Total number of drilling spindles: 18 Total number of tool changer positions: 22

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008013, X axis working area: 5780 mm Y axis working area: 1650 mm Working Table: Pod and Rail Main Electrospindle power: 13.2 KW Number of controlled axes: 4 axes Lsdpewuz Ekjfx Ab Tohc Maximum edge height: 60 mm Total number of drilling spindles: 16 Total number of tool changer positions: 16

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, NAGEL MODEL TBT M320-6 6 SPINDLE CNC HORIZONTAL GUN DRILL, 2003 Equipped with: Panel Mate Power Pro Control Counter Rotation Cross Drilling High Pressure Coolant System Auto Loader Magnetic Chip Separator Hydraulic System Chiller Specifications: Maximum Drill Depth (Approx): 16" Maximum Drill Length: 36" Number of Drill Spindles: 6 Spindle Motors (3): 7.5HP Ljdortrztjpfx Ab Tehc HP Per Spindle: 3.75 Drill Head Slide Stroke: 16.9" Maximum Diameter Mild Steel: 0.750"

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, total length: 3,990 mm, total height: 2,500 mm, total width: 2,280 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, INGERSOLL CM SYSTEMS AOHD AGILE OIL HOLE DRILL Equipped with: Siemens 840D Control (2) Drill Heads 20-Tool Rack Lhedpfxertrx Re Ab Tjc HSK 50A Taper (2) 7" 3-Jaw Chucks (2) Tailstocks (2) Steady Rests Chip Auger Chip Conveyor Mist Collector Hydraulic System Q R 2 Lube System Air Compressor Specifications: Maximum Length: 1050 mm (41.3") Minimum Length: 180.0 mm (7.1") Maximum Stroke: 250.00 mm Maximum Main Journal Diameter: 115.0 mm (4.5") Maximum Pin Journal Diameter: 100.00 mm (3.9") Maximum Swing Diameter: 250.0 mm (9.84") X-Axis Travel: 1450 mm (57.1") Y-Axis Travel: 150 mm (5.9")W/HSK 50 Z-Axis Travel: 305.0 mm (12.0") A-Axis Travel: 360 Degree B-Axis Travel: 90 Degree Feed Rate (Z): 1 m/min Maxim (40"/min max) Position Accuracy of X,Y,Z Axes: .010 mm (.00039") Position Accuracy of A & B Axes: .03 Degree Position Repeatability of X,Y,Z Axes: .005 mm (.0002") Position Repeatability of A & B Axes: .005 Degree Spindle Power: 5.5 kW (7.5 hp) Spindle Speed: 0-6,900 RPM Tool Adaption: HSK 50E or A Tool Storage (ATC): 20 Total - 10 Per Spindle W/HSK 50 Lubrication - Slides & Ball Screws: Automatic Central Lubricator Approximate Floor Space (LxWxH): 4.0 x 2.3 x 2.5 m (13.1 x 7.5 x 8.2 Ft) Approximate Machine Weight: 8,500 kg (18,740 #)

Year of construction: 2012, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: BCOR12150, BIESSE BREMA EKO 902 CNC and vertical dowel insertion machine for reduced cycle times Equipment Features - Clamping grippers measure the thickness to adjust drilling depth - Laser-based measuring system for detecting the front and rear panel edges - Length tolerance compensation correcting the workpiece length in X - 5-position tool changer - Drilling head with individually retractable spindles and grooving saw - Diameter: 120 mm - Gluing and dowel insertion units mounted on Y and Z axes Options - 4.5 kW electrospindle; 18,000 rpm - Special drilling unit for hinges Technical Data - Panel length: 160 - 3200 mm - Panel width: 35 - 900 mm - Panel thickness: 8 - 80 mm - X/Y/Z axis speed: 100 / 60 / 30 m/min - X axis travel: 3200 mm - Y axis travel: 900 mm - Main spindle power: 4.5 kW Lhedpfsw Nytnjx Ab Toc - Number of controlled axes: 3 axes - Number of drilling spindles: 20 - Number of tool positions: 5

Year of construction: 1994, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 491P, Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60 28 mm - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60 32 mm - Drilling spindle adaptor MK 3 - right - left rotation - Drilling spindle stroke 150 mm - drilling spindle speed infinitely variable 80 - 1170 rpm - 2 feeds 0,1 / 0,2 mm/rev - throat 290 mm Ljdpfsdkx Anex Ab Tohc - max distance table - drilling spindle 780 mm - table with 2 T-slots 480 x 400 mm - Height adjustable via toothed rack with hand crank - Drive 400 V / 0,9 / 1,3 kW - Space requirement approx. W 600 x H 2100 x D 900 mm - Weight approx. 420 kg - with: - coolant device - quick-action drill chuck 1-13 - illumination

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1965, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40 mm total power requirement 4 kW Ljdpfjv S Iqcjx Ab Tjhc

Condition: ready for operation (used), Voortman VB1250 lintzaag dop: 1250 x 500 mm versteksnede +/- 60°: 1000 x 500 mm versteksnede +/- 45°: 850 x 500 mm versteksnede -30°: 500 x 500 mm zaagsnelheid: 40 120 m/min vermogen: 7,5 kW Afmetingen van de lintzaag: 11.000 x 54 x 1,6 mm Voortman V630 drievoudige boorunit 2 horizontale booreenheden 1 verticale booreenheid Elke unit heeft een automatische gereedschapswisselaar met 5 posities. spindel: SK40 (koeling via de spindel) Boordiameter: 8/40 mm boorsnelheid: 0 2000 tpm schroefdraad tappen: M8/M24 Inclusief meting van de profielhoogte middelpuntmarkering inbegrepen nummeringseenheid inbegrepen 18 meter aan invoerrollenbanen 6 dwarsaanvoerbanden van 4 meter lengte 16 meter aan afvoerrollenbanen maximale breedte: 1050 mm capaciteit: 400 kg/m³ maximaal positioneringsgewicht: 9 ton Rollentoevoer meetsysteem = onbeperkte meetlengte Vacon 110 CNC-besturing Hydraulisch aggregaat 4 kW - 160 bar Lodpfswlkwwox Ab Tjhc

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, load capacity: 2,500 kg, lifting height: 150 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, drive type: Handbetrieb, Hand pallet truck Mast type: None Technical condition: New Front tyres type: Solid rubber Rear tyres type: Solid rubber Description: New unit! Lhsdpfxjymhake Ab Tec

Condition: used, mileage: 530,000 km, power: 120 kW (163.15 HP), first registration: 02/2015, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, color: silver, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, number of seats: 3, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 2,050 mm, loading space length: 3,300 mm, loading space width: 1,780 mm, loading space height: 1,920 mm, Year of construction: 2015, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Chat now via WhatsApp: Contact our sales advisor quickly and easily. Attention!!! Sale preferably to business customers. Internal ID number: [2982] ----Vehicle Highlights: Ledpfsxzx D Usx Ab Tshc * 19% VAT deductible * German vehicle * 1st owner * Regularly serviced * Accident-free * Euro 5 emissions standard * High roof + long wheelbase * Automatic climate control * Heated seats * Rear-view camera * Navigation system * Comfort driver's seat * Special equipment: Overhead storage in driver's cab, passenger airbag, Audio 15 system (radio with color display), Equipment package: Easy Cargo, outside temperature display, 180 A alternator, loading compartment partition with window, multifunction steering wheel incl. trip computer, metallic paint, Becker MAP Pilot navigation system, full-size spare wheel, spare wheel mount under rear frame incl. jack, reversing camera, passenger double seat in cab, passenger double seat with fold-down backrests, heated driver’s seat, comfort swing seat driver’s side, rear stabilizer, reinforced shock absorbers, rear door step, rear wall trim, 95 Ah fleece battery, reinforced front axle. Further equipment: 3rd brake light, adaptive brake lights, driver airbag, washer fluid level indicator, electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors (both sides), exterior mirrors with integrated turn signals, brake assist, ABS+ASR braking system, roof lining in driver's cab, lockable glove compartment, body/structure: high-body standard van, child safety lock, main fuel tank: 75 L, load securing lashing points, headlight range control, model upgrade, engine 2.1 L - 120 kW CDI CAT, wheelbase 3665 mm, smoker package, low emissions according to Euro 5, sliding door right side (cargo/passenger), driver's side seat belt warning system, seat covers/upholstery: Lima fabric, front stabilizer, 6.5x16 steel wheels, Assyst maintenance interval display, heat-insulating glazing, permissible gross weight 3.5 t. ---- Leasing or financing required? We offer attractive deals – also possible without down payment! Feel free to contact us. ---- Contact: Phone: E-mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln – Germany Opening Hours: Mon–Fri: 9:00 am – 6:00 pm Sat: 9:00 am – 2:00 pm ---- Note: All information on the internet is non-binding and provided solely for general vehicle description. Errors, misprints, and prior sale reserved. The binding condition of the vehicle is determined exclusively in the local purchase contract or by written confirmation. Vehicles with mileage over 50,000 km or older than 3 years are preferably sold to our business customers.

Condition: used, mileage: 175,000 km, power: 115 kW (156.36 HP), first registration: 07/2021, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 3,500 kg, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, number of seats: 6, total length: 7,274 mm, total width: 2,050 mm, total height: 2,660 mm, loading space length: 4,500 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Chat now via WhatsApp: Quick and easy contact with our sales consultant. Attention! Sale preferred to commercial customers. Internal ID number: [408647] ----Optional add-ons available: * 12–64 months warranty (valid throughout the EU) * New inspection * New TÜV & emissions test (AU) * Nationwide delivery * Financing possible, even without down payment ----Vehicle highlights: * 19% VAT deductible * German vehicle * 1 owner * Accident-free * Regularly serviced * Euro 6 standard * Maxi High Roof + Long (Vehicle dimensions L x W x H in mm: 7,274 x 2,052 x 2,660) * Mixto double cab * 6 seats * Tow bar rated for 3,000 kg * Automatic climate control * Cruise control * Reversing camera * Comfort driver seat * LED headlights * Special Equipment: Overhead storage in driver’s cab, dashboard storage with USB port and inductive charging tray, comfort dashboard, digital audio system (DAB) HI-Connect with 7" color display, deletion of cargo area partition (without protective grille), sliding window in load/passenger compartment (front left), rear door with 260/270 degree opening, wood flooring in load area, automatic climate control, comfort headrests in passenger area, leather steering wheel, height and reach-adjustable steering column, wheel covers, spare wheel in drive specification, spare wheel holder between longitudinal beams, reversing camera, sliding side door right in load/passenger compartment with sliding window, mud flaps front and rear, double co-driver seat with multifunction storage and compartment, comfort (hydraulic) driver’s seat, half-height fiberboard load area lining, full LED headlights Additional Features: Trailer Stability Program (TSM), trailer socket preparation, traction control (ASR), S-series version, side-exit exhaust pipe (left), electrically adjustable and heated exterior mirrors, brake assist, load area ceiling light, electronic brake-force distribution, hill-start assist (AAS), parabolic rear suspension, transverse leaf spring front suspension, tinted front and side windows, 210A alternator, speed limiter 160 km/h, 8-speed automatic transmission (Hi-Matic), partial glazing, urea tank (AdBlue) 20 L, high-roof van body, fuel tank 70 L, engine 2.3L – 114 kW diesel, wheelbase 4100 mm, low-emission per Euro 6d standard, service indicator, gross vehicle weight 3.5 t Leasing or financing required? We offer attractive terms—financing possible even without down payment! Please contact us. Lhedpfx Asxzncgeb Tsc Contact: Phone: Email: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln, Germany Opening hours: Mon–Fri: 9:00 am – 6:00 pm Sat: 9:00 am – 2:00 pm ---Note: All information provided online is non-binding and for general vehicle description only. Subject to errors, typos, and prior sale. The binding vehicle condition is determined exclusively by the purchase contract signed on site or by written confirmation. Vehicles with a mileage over 50,000 km or older than 3 years are preferably sold to our commercial customers.

Condition: used, mileage: 120,000 km, power: 96 kW (130.52 HP), first registration: 09/2015, fuel type: diesel, color: silver, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro5, number of seats: 3, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, soot filter, Chat now via WhatsApp: Contact our sales advisor quickly and easily. Attention!!! Sale preferably to commercial customers * Internal ID number: [ 2862 ] ----Optional add-ons: * 12–64 months warranty (valid throughout the EU) * New inspection * New general inspection and emission test (TÜV & AU) * Nationwide delivery * Financing possible without down payment ----Vehicle highlights: Lhjdex Ippwspfx Ab Toc * 19% VAT deductible * 1 previous owner * Regularly serviced * Euro 5 emission standard * Special equipment: Air conditioning, roof rack, SX equipment package, cruise control (including speed limiter), padded headrests, partition wall in the cargo area, full-size spare wheel (including spare wheel holder), cab seating: dual passenger seat. Further features: Storage nets on the rear doors, driver's airbag, integrated indicators in exterior mirrors, brake assist, rear wing doors without glazing, body type: standard van, heated crankcase ventilation, mesh partition wall behind driver, removable partition wall (without window), adjustable steering column, engine: 2.3 L – 96 kW JTD CAT, wheelbase: 3000 mm, tire repair kit, low-emission according to Euro 5, sliding side door on the right, side protection strips, upholstery: fabric, driver’s seat height-adjustable, driver’s seat with armrest and lumbar support, tinted windows, water sensor for fuel filter, oil level sensor ----Interested in leasing or financing? We offer attractive deals, also possible without down payment! Feel free to contact us. Contact: Phone: E-Mail: Location: Nutzfahrzeuge West GmbH Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 2 45711 Datteln, Germany Opening hours: Mon–Fri: 9:00 am – 6:00 pm Sat: 9:00 am – 2:00 pm ----Note: All details provided online are non-binding and solely serve as a general vehicle description. Errors, omissions, and prior sales excepted. The vehicle’s definitive condition is established exclusively by the on-site purchase contract or through written confirmations. Vehicles with more than 50,000 km mileage or older than 3 years are preferably sold to our business customers.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2012, Machine is completly refurbished by our technical staff Lhodjxn T Smopfx Ab Tec

Condition: good (used), Finger end mill, end mill, milling cutter, roughing end mill, cylinder candle cutter -Manufacturer: Master Fraisa, roughing end mills, 3 pieces -Fraisa: 2 pieces Ø 40 mm type 40 0660 TG125 Stg250 -Master: 1 piece Ø 32 mm type 770 CX 120 STG 207 bf -Price/Delivery: complete: only complete Lhjdpsylhivsfx Ab Tjc -Transport dimensions: 205/110/40 mm -Weight: 3.3 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 780 mm, 1 used, very well-maintained High-precision CNC jig boring machine SIP MP 600 Machine year: 1995 – Retrofit in 2007 with HEIDENHAIN Lhodju Titzjpfx Ab Tsc iTNC 530 and complete geometric overhaul. Table: 1100 x 700 mm – clear passage between columns: 750 mm Hydrostatic spindle diameter: 130 mm – 1/1,100 micron runout Retrofit to HEIDENHAIN CNC, 3-axis interpolation. Readout accuracy of the boring spindle under 1 micron – hydraulic weight and load compensation in the crossbeam. Fantastically preserved machine, which we are happy to demonstrate under power at our warehouse. Price (Domestic, plus 19% VAT) ex stock Delivery time: immediate – subject to prior sale and errors. Payment: as customary in trade, net in advance before collection. Technical data non-binding – subject to change and errors.