Used Punching Clip for sale (1,897)

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Punching machine Speed: 30–400 rpm Drive power: 18 kW Dkedpfo Adzq Hsx Ak Aow Ram adjustment: 0–50 mm Table dimensions: approx. 740 mm (?) Feeder Feed length: 160 mm Material width: 160 mm Material thickness: 3 mm Strip speed: 35 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Manufacturer: Haulick + Roos Type: 720 NS Machine number: 1.204.027 Operating voltage: 380 V Rated current: 80 A Dimensions (L × W × H): 3,500 × 2,000 × 3,000 mm Weight: 5,000 kg EQUIPMENT Haulick + Roos feeder, type RS160SL2738

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1991, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 6,300 kg, roller diameter: 250 mm, working length: 3,100 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Bending length: approx. 3,100 mm Roller diameter: approx. 250 mm MACHINE DETAILS Dkjdpfs Ahg T Hjx Ak Ajw Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 5,000 x 2,000 x 1,800 mm Total weight: 6,300 kg

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, table height: 1,050 mm, overall weight: 1,090 kg, total length: 1,350 mm, total height: 1,824 mm, HYDRAULIC PUNCHING MACHINES PUMA 55 Technical data: Punching force 55 tons Max. punching capacity Ø 40×10 mm Dedpfx Aks Ahp Aij Aokw Sheet size S / SD 500 / 750 mm Working height S / SD 1060 / 810 mm Used, fully functional punching machine I flange 100-300 mm I web 100-500 mm U flange 100-300 mm U web 120-260 mm Motor power 5 kW Cycles per minute (20 mm stroke) 37 Maximum stroke 60 mm Includes a comprehensive set of punches and dies. The punching machine can be inspected while powered up until November 17, 2026; after that date, it can only be inspected without power. Manual available in German, with diagrams for the electrical connection.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Punching force: 18 t Table dimensions: 360 × 310 mm Stroke length: 20–100 mm Ram stroke: 6–36 mm Stroke rate: 100–600 min⁻¹ MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions (L × W × H): 850 × 800 × 1,500 mm Weight: 500 kg EQUIPMENT Dkodpfx Akj Adufkj Ajw Siemens Simatic OP3

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Poly-clip System FCA 120 Automatic Clipping Machine Djdpfx Aksxwpzpe Askw Manufacturer: Poly-clip System GmbH & Co. KG Model: FCA 120 Power: 4.0 kW Power supply: 3 × 400 V, 50/60 Hz Current consumption: 6.0 A Serial number: 143/09 For calibres from 24 mm to 120 mm. Up to 200 cycles/min The Poly-clip System FCA 120 automatic clipping machine is an efficient and reliable device designed for closing casings in the production of sausages, cold cuts, and other food products packed in casings. The unit is used in the meat industry for precise and tight closing of aluminium clips on the ends of natural, artificial, and plastic casings. The FCA 120 model is characterised by its high performance, ergonomic design, and ease of operation and cleaning. The use of an automatic feeding and clip closing system ensures consistency and safety of the process.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Dksdpfo Ad H Uqex Ak Aew Stamping force: 40 t MACHINE DETAILS Manufacturer: Bruderer Type: BSTA 40 Machine type: Stamping press Length: 2,000 mm Width: 1,000 mm Height: 2,400 mm Weight: 3,000 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, laser power: 3,200 W, sheet thickness steel (max.): 8 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 8 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 4 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Includes SheetMaster, ToolMaster, GripMaster! TECHNICAL DETAILS Laser power: 3,200 W Laser type: CO₂ laser TruFlow 3200 Working area combined punching/laser: 3,000 × 1,500 mm Working area punching operation: 3,000 × 1,500 mm Working area laser operation: 3,000 × 1,500 mm Max. sheet thickness mild steel: max. 8 mm Max. sheet thickness stainless steel: max. 8 mm Max. sheet thickness aluminum: max. 4 mm Max. punching force: max. 220 kN Max. punching rate with E = 1 mm: max. 900/min Max. marking rate: max. approx. 2,800/min Max. number of multi-tools with 3 tool holders: max. 18 Tool capacity: 180 tools Djdpo Ahhi Uofx Ak Ajkw Max. axis speed X/Y simultaneous: max. 108 m/min EQUIPMENT SheetMaster ToolMaster GripMaster Working area without repositioning in large format Linear magazine with multi-tools SheetMaster with two large-format tables Automatic scrap sheet disposal on lifting table

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 47,962 h, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 18,000 kg, input current: 40 A, input frequency: 55 Hz, input voltage: 380 V, Equipment: safety light barrier, We are selling: a well-maintained Amada punching and nibbling machine, used only for thin sheet metal applications. Maintenance was performed by AMADA. Without tooling. The machine is being sold due to a new investment. The buyer must dismantle and collect the machine in DE-84051 Mettenbach. The machine can be inspected in operational condition in DE-84051 Mettenbach by appointment. Sale only to commercial customers and with the exclusion of any warranty! Dodpfxsz R Atqs Ak Aekw

Condition: used, We offer a used Poly-clip ICA 8700 Double-Clipper – an industrial automatic double clipping machine designed for closing casings in the production of meat products, formed hams, slicing products, large-calibre sausages and other food products requiring tight and repeatable clipping. The Poly-clip ICA model was designed for large calibres and formed products. The machine can be used with fibrous, collagen and plastic casings. Thanks to the iris separation system, the unit allows short and symmetrical product ends to be achieved, together with an aesthetic and repeatable closing result. The ICA 8700 Double-Clipper can operate together with vacuum fillers and ham pumps, creating an automated station for filling and closing products. After filling, the machine gathers the casing, separates the product and applies clips, which helps increase process efficiency and reduce manual work. The machine is particularly suitable for the production of formed hams, whole-muscle products, mortadella, large-calibre sausages, matured products, slicing products and products packed in casings requiring strong and tight closure. Poly-clip ICA is a machine designed for plants that need an efficient, hygienic and repeatable clipping system for industrial food production. The stainless steel construction makes cleaning easier, while ergonomic operation supports smooth daily production work. Technical data: Manufacturer: Poly-clip System GmbH & Co. KG Model: ICA 8700 Type: automatic double clipping machine Power: 2.8 kW Power supply: 3 × 400 V Dkodpfx Akszi U Ixe Asw Frequency: 50 Hz Calibre range: up to 200 mm Capacity: up to 60 cycles/min in continuous operation Supported casings: fibrous, collagen and plastic casings Application: clipping of large calibres and formed products Main advantages: automatic industrial double clipping machine designed for large calibres and formed products suitable for fibrous, collagen and plastic casings iris separation system for short and symmetrical product ends repeatable and tight casing closure possibility of cooperation with fillers and ham pumps high clipping process efficiency stainless steel construction easier hygienic maintenance reduced manual work renowned manufacturer Poly-clip System solution for the production of formed hams, large-calibre sausages and slicing products

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Pressing force: 30 t Table dimensions Length: 480 mm Width: 400 mm MACHINE DETAILS Manufacturer: Bruderer Type: BSTA 30 Machine type: Punching machine Condition: Refurbished Dimensions Length: 1,100 mm Width: 800 mm Height: 2,000 mm Dedpfj Adunrjx Ak Ajkw Weight: 3,000 kg EQUIPMENT Feed control

Condition: used, This used META shelving unit is a compact and flexible storage solution for workshops, warehouses, archives, and businesses. With a height of 250 cm, a depth of 40 cm, and a total of 6 storage levels, the shelving unit offers ample space for the organized storage of boxes, containers, spare parts, and other storage items. The modular shelving system can be used in a variety of ways and enables efficient use of the available storage space. 30.06 linear meters of shelving, 40 cm deep, used, workshop shelving, warehouse shelving, manual storage, plug-in shelving, small parts storage. Data: - Height: approx. 250 cm - Depth: approx. 40 cm - Length: approx. 30.06 linear meters Shelving offer of 30.06 linear meters consisting of: - 031 x uprights approx. 200 x 40 cm, pre-assembled - 180 x shelves approx. 100 x 40 cm - 720 x shelf supports - 030 x cross braces - Manufacturer: META CLIP - Load capacity: 100 kg per shelf, with evenly distributed load - Levels: 6 x storage levels - Surface: Sendzimir zinc-plated - Used, available from stock -- IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE IN MULTIPLE UNITS -- Price: €2179.00 net plus applicable VAT You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. Transport: Delivery can be arranged through our partner shipping company upon request; the costs depend on the postal code. Assembly: Our trained staff will be happy to assist you with the professional assembly and disassembly of your business equipment, if required. Dsde Ahw Aajpfx Ak Ajkw Our recommendation: Please let us know your requirements… We will be happy to help you with the implementation of your projects, from planning and ordering to assembly. Are you interested or have any questions? Simply contact us via message or phone call. Our phone number can be found on our company page. ☎️ You can reach us by phone from Monday to Friday, 08:00 - 15:00. Alternatively, you can send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Condition: used, Manufacturer: Poly-clip System Type: Automatic double clipping machine Capacity: Up to 150 - 200 cycles per minute (depending on portion and casing) Caliber Range: 24 – 90 mm (up to 120 mm for specific plastic casings) Casing Compatibility: Plastic, collagen, cellulose, and natural casings Installed Power: 2.8 kW Voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz / 3-phase Dkedez A D D Hjpfx Ak Aew Dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 1200 x 1445 x 2015 mm Weight: approx. 570 - 590 kg Control: Intuitive digital Touch Screen Features: Synchronization with vacuum fillers, optional automatic loop insertion for hanging

Condition: used, This used META shelving unit is a compact and flexible storage solution for workshops, warehouses, archives, and businesses. With a height of 250 cm, a depth of 40 cm, and a total of 6 storage levels, the shelving unit offers sufficient space for the organized storage of boxes, containers, spare parts, and other storage items. The modular shelving system can be used in a variety of ways and enables efficient use of the available storage space. 8.06 linear meters of shelving units, 40 cm deep, used, workshop shelving, warehouse shelving, hand storage, plug-in shelving, small parts storage. Data: - Height: approx. 250 cm - Depth: approx. 40 cm - Length: approx. 8.06 linear meters Shelving offer of 8.06 linear meters, consisting of: - 09 x uprights approx. 200 x 40 cm, pre-assembled - 48 x shelves approx. 100 x 40 cm. - 192 x shelf supports. - 08 x cross braces - Manufacturer: META CLIP. - Load capacity: 100 kg per shelf, with evenly distributed load. - Levels: 6 x storage levels. - Surface: Sendzimir galvanized. - Used, available from stock -- IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE IN MULTIPLE UNITS -- Price: €643.00 net plus applicable VAT You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. Transport: Delivery can be arranged by our partner shipping company, if desired; the costs depend on the postal code. Assembly: Our trained staff will be happy to assist you with the professional assembly and disassembly of your business equipment, if required. Our recommendation: Let us know your requirements... We will be happy to help you realize your projects, from planning and ordering to assembly. Dsdpfx Ake Ah Rvas Ajkw Are you interested or do you have any questions? Simply contact us via message or phone. You can find our telephone number on our company page. ☎️ You can reach us by telephone from Monday to Friday, 08:00 - 15:00. Alternatively, you can send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS GENERAL Manufacturer: Schaal Machine type: Punching machine Dksdj Ad D Hdspfx Ak Aew PRESS DATA Press force: 100 kN Table dimensions: 380 × 160 mm MACHINE DETAILS DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Length: 1,000 mm Width: 800 mm Height: 1,900 mm Weight: 5,000 kg EQUIPMENT Loadgard press force indicator Feed system

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS Press Type: V32 MACHINE DETAILS Manufacturer: Kaiser Machine type: Punching machine Dimensions Length: 3,000 mm Dodpfx Aj Adugnek Askw Width: 2,000 mm Height: 2,700 mm Weight: 3,000 kg EQUIPMENT Feeder

Condition: excellent (used), Poly-Clip DFC 8162 Automatic Double-Clipper. can fit most vacuum fillers. Suitable for large calibres up to 180mm, electrics in mint condition. Dedpfx Akjxbxxrs Aokw

Condition: used, This used META shelving unit is a compact and flexible storage solution for workshops, warehouses, archives, and businesses. With a height of 250 cm, a depth of 40 cm, and a total of 6 storage levels, the shelving unit offers ample space for the organized storage of boxes, containers, spare parts, and other stored goods. The modular shelving system can be used in a variety of ways and enables efficient use of the available storage space. 10.06 linear meters of shelving units, 40cm deep, used, workshop shelving, warehouse shelving, hand storage, boltless shelving, small parts storage Data: - Height: approx. 250 cm - Depth: approx. 40 cm - Length: approx. 10.06 linear meters Shelving offer of 10.06 linear meters, consisting of: - 011 x uprights approx. 200 x 40 cm, pre-assembled Dkodpfe Ahwyxox Ak Ajw - 060 x shelves approx. 100 x 40 cm - 240 x shelf supports - Incl. cross bracing - Manufacturer: META CLIP - Load capacity: 100 kg per shelf, with evenly distributed load - Levels: 6 x storage levels - Surface: Sendzimir galvanized - Used, available from stock -- MULTIPLE UNITS IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE -- Price: €799.00 net plus applicable VAT You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. Transport: Delivery can be arranged through our partner shipping company, if desired; the costs depend on the postal code. Assembly: Our trained personnel will be happy to assist you with the professional assembly and disassembly of your business equipment, if required. Our recommendation: Please let us know your requirements... We will gladly assist you with the implementation of your projects, from planning and ordering to assembly. Are you interested or do you have any questions? Simply contact us via message or phone. You can find our telephone number on our company page. ☎️ You can reach us by phone from Monday to Friday, 08:00 - 15:00. Alternatively, you can send us a message with your name and number, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 1,000 h, machine/vehicle number: 8044, overall weight: 2,070 kg, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, Shearing machine Shearing capacity for flat steel: 450x15 mm; 300x20 mm Shearing capacity for angle iron: 130x130x13 mm (90 degrees); 70x70x7 mm (45 degrees) Shearing capacity for round and square bar: 45 mm Punching machine: 800 kN Maximum capacity: ø40x14 mm Power: 9 kW Dkedpfx Ake Afnqpe Aew

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS GENERAL DATA Manufacturer: Haulick + Roos Type: HPV28EP Machine number: 110 Machine type: Punching machine PERFORMANCE DATA Punching force: approx. 28 t Rated current: 6.7 A WORK TABLE Table dimensions: 600 × 340 mm Number of slots: 3 MACHINE DETAILS ELECTRICAL DATA Operating voltage: 380 V Control voltage: 220 V DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Dkodpfs Advcqjx Ak Asw Length: 1,100 mm Width: 600 mm Height: 2,000 mm Weight: 2,000 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 2,204 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MR610745176, punching force: 30 t, type of input current: three-phase, punching diameter: 88 mm, input frequency: 50 Hz, compressed air connection: 6 bar, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: safety light barrier, Euromac MTX FLEX 12 P 1250/30 X2250 (Year of Construction 2016) – Only 2,204 punching hours! Includes a large tool package & special tools. For sale is a very well-maintained, fully functional CNC punching machine, the Euromac MTX FLEX 12, manufactured in 2016. The machine is in excellent condition and has a very low net punching time of only approximately 2,204 hours (total operating time approximately 9,055 hours, see display photo). A particular highlight is the extensive tool and accessory package, which, in addition to standard and multi-tool tools, also enables valuable special applications such as engraving, countersinking, and deburring from below. 📌 Technical data & machine highlights: Manufacturer: Euromac (Italy) Model: MTX FLEX 12 P 1250/30 X2250 Year of Construction: 2016 Punching force: 300 kN (30 tons) Working area: 1250 x 2250 mm (can be extended as required) Net punching time: only ~2,204 hours (total number of strokes: approx. 6.19 million) Table: Gentle brush table for scratch-resistant sheet metal processing Control: Top Punch Touch (TPT) on a robust Panasonic Toughbook control unit 🛠️ Special equipment & special features: Integrated engraver: For direct labeling/marking of components during the punching process. Countersinking tool from above: Specially equipped for 4.0 mm SPAX countersinking. Deburring from below: Ideal for precise marking/deburring from the underside. Multi-tool capability: Full support for multi-tool cassettes (e.g., XMTE6 / XMTE10) for quick tool changes and high flexibility. 📦 Scope of delivery & accessories: Large punching tool assortment: Extensive package of punches, dies, blanking punches, and cassettes (including high-quality tools from Wilson Tool & Mate). Double/replacement equipment: Including installed multi-tool + identical replacement multi-tool (see picture V40) for uninterrupted workflows. Software: Lantek programming software included. Accessories: Tool holders, clamping jaws, manuals/documentation. 📋 Condition, inspection & logistics: Condition: The machine is currently still assembled, fully operational, and connected to the power supply. Djdpfx Aj Aaz Tyok Aokw Test & inspection: A demonstration and trial punching on-site in 78224 Singen can be arranged. Loading: Loading on-site can be organized/supported. Transport: Transport and collection are the responsibility of the buyer. 💶 Price & invoicing: Price: 90,000 € negotiable (net plus 19% VAT) You will receive a proper invoice with VAT stated. Subject to prior sale and errors.

Condition: used, Manufacturer: Poly-clip System Model: FCA 90 Type: Automatic double clipping machine Capacity / Speed: Up to 126 cycles per minute (continuous mode) Dkedezq T Exspfx Ak Aew Calibre Range: 38 – 160 mm Casing Compatibility: Collagen (up to 90 mm), fibrous (up to 120 mm), and plastic casings (up to 160 mm) Total Spreading: Up to 300 mm (for moulded products) Max Shaped Product Length: Up to 1,800 mm Exclusive Features: Automatic central lubrication, world's fastest machine for moulded products Optional Features: Loop placement on the left or right side Application: Industrial production of chubs, cold cuts, ham, and moulded meat products

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, TRUMPF TruMatic 7000 – 1300 Year of manufacture: 2007 Includes active dies! Dsdpfx Akez Dumzs Aekw Includes Sheetmaster and Gripmaster Machine operating hours: 38,797 h Beam on-time: 38,149 h Laser power: approx. 4000 Watts Max. punching force: 220 kN Working area (laser operation): approx. 2540 x 1280 mm Working area: punching area: approx. 2540 x 1370 mm Control system: Bosch MTX compact Max. sheet thickness: approx. 8 mm Space requirement: approx. 7950 x 6700 mm Machine weight: approx. 23,000 kg Total connected load: 87 kVA

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1993, Punching machine, manufacturer HAULICK & ROOS, type: RVD125-1180 NS, year of manufacture 1993. Consisting of: Unwinding reel with straightening unit Hydraulic press, Haulick & ROOS RVD125-1180 NS, pressing force 1250 kN Siemens control system Discharge conveyor Control cabinets. Djdpfxj Aic A So Ak Ajkw Total weight: approx. 25 tons.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, machine/vehicle number: PST45, Used SAP complete Pasteurizer 5000 LPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis SAP pasteurizer system is a complete continuous-flow plate-and-tube pasteurization solution for still, non-carbonated beverages. Built around an Alfa Laval/Tetra Pak Clip 6-SR sanitary plate heat exchanger, the system is designed for controlled thermal treatment of liquid food products before filling. Its configuration supports production of non-alcoholic beverages with fruit content up to 5% and can process juices containing fibers and pulp up to approximately 8% when operated with the appropriate cycle and CIP procedures.Continuous flow rate: 3,500–5,000 L/hPasteurization temperature: 80°C to 95°CHolding time: 30 to 60 secondsHeat exchanger: Alfa Laval/Tetra Pak Clip 6-SRHeat exchanger internal volume: 62.0 LDesigned operating pressure: up to 6.0 barMaximum operating temperature: up to 110°CPasteurizer dimensions: 3300 x 2050 x 2370 mmManufacturing year: 2003Advanced Automation & Control SystemsThe pasteurizer is supplied with a control cabinet incorporating PLC control, enabling coordinated management of the process equipment. The system includes automatic valves, a temperature-maintenance system, holding tubes and a dedicated safety system. Pneumatic air demand is limited to valve actuation. Electrical consumption is primarily associated with two 4 kW pumps, while PLC consumption is minimal.The associated McQuay chiller is equipped for a 380–420 V, 3N~, 50 Hz electrical supply. Its total input is 12.19 kW at 25.3 A, with a nominal cooling capacity of 33.71 kW.Production Line Integration CapabilitiesDesigned for industrial packaging and beverage production applications, this second hand pasteurization system is intended to operate upstream of filling equipment. The process arrangement maintains the required pasteurization temperature and holding time before product transfer toward the filling area. A chiller is required in conjunction with the pasteurizer to lower product temperature before filling.The water-cooled process arrangement makes this equipment suitable for integration into a used bottling line handling still beverages, fruit beverages, juices and other liquid food products requiring continuous thermal treatment. The sanitary plate construction and clip-on gasket design support hygienic operation and CIP cleaning routines.Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryThe system was previously used for the production of non-alcoholic beverages with fruit content up to 5%. It is scheduled to be taken out of service at the end of 2025. The supplied configuration includes the pasteurizer and the required chiller for pre-filling cooling duty.No electrical schematics or layout drawings are included. The PLC has no backup system.Operational Performance & VersatilityThe Clip 6-SR heat exchanger uses sanitary stainless steel plates with glue-free clip-on gaskets. The SR configuration is suited to high-viscosity media and juices containing fibers or pulp, while maintaining low pressure drop and reducing the risk of ... Dkjdpfx Ake Aia D So Ajw

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, pressing force: 31 t, Used CNC turret punching machine AMADA EMZ 3610 NT with AC servo direct drive, automatic tool changer, and automatic re-feeding device. Manufacturer: AMADA Model: EMZ 3610 NT Machine type: CNC turret punching machine Year of manufacture: 2006 Punching force: 300 kN (30 t) Working area: 1,500 x 2,500 mm (according to available information) Tool stations: 45 Drive: AC servo direct drive Control: GE Fanuc Series 180i-PB Tool changer: Automatic turret tool changer Djdj Aibiwepfx Ak Ajkw Re-feeding device: Automatic Tool turret: With AMADA tool holders Material support: Brush table Connected power: 27 kVA Noise level: 91 dB(A) Stroke length: 360 mm Machine weight: 24,500 kg Condition: Used